{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2149449899","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/btm171","title":"<i>Spectrum</i>: joint bayesian inference of population structure and recombination events","display_name":"<i>Spectrum</i>: joint bayesian inference of population structure and recombination events","publication_year":2007,"publication_date":"2007-07-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2149449899","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/btm171","mag":"2149449899","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17646333"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1093/bioinformatics/btm171","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/btm171","pdf_url":"https://academic.oup.com/bioinformatics/article-pdf/23/13/i479/23705037/btm171.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S52395412","display_name":"Bioinformatics","issn_l":"1367-4803","issn":["1367-4803","1367-4811"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Bioinformatics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://academic.oup.com/bioinformatics/article-pdf/23/13/i479/23705037/btm171.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068333871","display_name":"Kyung-Ah Sohn","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8941-1188"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74973139","display_name":"Carnegie Mellon University","ror":"https://ror.org/05x2bcf33","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kyung-Ah Sohn","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009547049","display_name":"Eric P. Xing","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-9158-4201"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74973139","display_name":"Carnegie Mellon University","ror":"https://ror.org/05x2bcf33","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Eric P. Xing","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5009547049"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"],"apc_list":{"value":3618,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3618},"apc_paid":{"value":3618,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3618},"fwci":1.0634,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":15,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.80061814,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"23","issue":"13","first_page":"i479","last_page":"i489"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10261","display_name":"Genetic Associations and Epidemiology","score":0.9986000061035156,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1311","display_name":"Genetics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10261","display_name":"Genetic Associations and Epidemiology","score":0.9986000061035156,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1311","display_name":"Genetics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11468","display_name":"Genetic Mapping and Diversity in Plants and Animals","score":0.9986000061035156,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1311","display_name":"Genetics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11764","display_name":"Evolution and Genetic Dynamics","score":0.9983999729156494,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1311","display_name":"Genetics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/international-hapmap-project","display_name":"International HapMap Project","score":0.7510477304458618},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/population","display_name":"Population","score":0.6378603577613831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inference","display_name":"Inference","score":0.6091084480285645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/linkage-disequilibrium","display_name":"Linkage disequilibrium","score":0.5309402942657471},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5091540217399597},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/population-genetics","display_name":"Population genetics","score":0.443543940782547},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bayesian-probability","display_name":"Bayesian probability","score":0.4335872530937195},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.3793303370475769},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biology","display_name":"Biology","score":0.3399844765663147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/genetics","display_name":"Genetics","score":0.3281679153442383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.2978956401348114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/single-nucleotide-polymorphism","display_name":"Single-nucleotide polymorphism","score":0.2292383313179016}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177580304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1147298","display_name":"International HapMap Project","level":5,"score":0.7510477304458618},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.6378603577613831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776214188","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q408386","display_name":"Inference","level":2,"score":0.6091084480285645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C35605836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2064311","display_name":"Linkage disequilibrium","level":5,"score":0.5309402942657471},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5091540217399597},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C85721925","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q31151","display_name":"Population genetics","level":3,"score":0.443543940782547},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107673813","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q812534","display_name":"Bayesian probability","level":2,"score":0.4335872530937195},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.3793303370475769},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.3399844765663147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54355233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162","display_name":"Genetics","level":1,"score":0.3281679153442383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.2978956401348114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153209595","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q501128","display_name":"Single-nucleotide polymorphism","level":4,"score":0.2292383313179016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C135763542","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q106016","display_name":"Genotype","level":3,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149923435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37732","display_name":"Demography","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001499","descriptor_name":"Bayes Theorem","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001499","descriptor_name":"Bayes Theorem","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001499","descriptor_name":"Bayes Theorem","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002874","descriptor_name":"Chromosome Mapping","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002874","descriptor_name":"Chromosome Mapping","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002874","descriptor_name":"Chromosome Mapping","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005828","descriptor_name":"Genetics, Population","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005828","descriptor_name":"Genetics, Population","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005828","descriptor_name":"Genetics, Population","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008957","descriptor_name":"Models, Genetic","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008957","descriptor_name":"Models, Genetic","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008957","descriptor_name":"Models, Genetic","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D011995","descriptor_name":"Recombination, Genetic","qualifier_ui":"Q000235","qualifier_name":"genetics","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011995","descriptor_name":"Recombination, Genetic","qualifier_ui":"Q000235","qualifier_name":"genetics","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011995","descriptor_name":"Recombination, Genetic","qualifier_ui":"Q000235","qualifier_name":"genetics","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012984","descriptor_name":"Software","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012984","descriptor_name":"Software","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012984","descriptor_name":"Software","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D014644","descriptor_name":"Genetic Variation","qualifier_ui":"Q000235","qualifier_name":"genetics","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014644","descriptor_name":"Genetic Variation","qualifier_ui":"Q000235","qualifier_name":"genetics","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014644","descriptor_name":"Genetic Variation","qualifier_ui":"Q000235","qualifier_name":"genetics","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D019143","descriptor_name":"Evolution, Molecular","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D019143","descriptor_name":"Evolution, Molecular","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D019143","descriptor_name":"Evolution, Molecular","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D020641","descriptor_name":"Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide","qualifier_ui":"Q000235","qualifier_name":"genetics","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D020641","descriptor_name":"Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide","qualifier_ui":"Q000235","qualifier_name":"genetics","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D020641","descriptor_name":"Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide","qualifier_ui":"Q000235","qualifier_name":"genetics","is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1093/bioinformatics/btm171","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/btm171","pdf_url":"https://academic.oup.com/bioinformatics/article-pdf/23/13/i479/23705037/btm171.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S52395412","display_name":"Bioinformatics","issn_l":"1367-4803","issn":["1367-4803","1367-4811"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Bioinformatics","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:17646333","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17646333","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Bioinformatics (Oxford, England)","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1093/bioinformatics/btm171","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/btm171","pdf_url":"https://academic.oup.com/bioinformatics/article-pdf/23/13/i479/23705037/btm171.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S52395412","display_name":"Bioinformatics","issn_l":"1367-4803","issn":["1367-4803","1367-4811"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Bioinformatics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2149449899.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2149449899.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":25,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1508985588","https://openalex.org/W1962960380","https://openalex.org/W1979748567","https://openalex.org/W2000160799","https://openalex.org/W2019956985","https://openalex.org/W2037454239","https://openalex.org/W2058009712","https://openalex.org/W2061008984","https://openalex.org/W2069429561","https://openalex.org/W2075910155","https://openalex.org/W2089484716","https://openalex.org/W2098126593","https://openalex.org/W2102481822","https://openalex.org/W2120321361","https://openalex.org/W2126384007","https://openalex.org/W2135732313","https://openalex.org/W2141042406","https://openalex.org/W2145677303","https://openalex.org/W2158489424","https://openalex.org/W2163826722","https://openalex.org/W2165601275","https://openalex.org/W2170886255","https://openalex.org/W2171442659","https://openalex.org/W4239802573","https://openalex.org/W6642747399"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2166135130","https://openalex.org/W2171631495","https://openalex.org/W2038652894","https://openalex.org/W2158822573","https://openalex.org/W1969997927","https://openalex.org/W1968004796","https://openalex.org/W2045093806","https://openalex.org/W2391022532","https://openalex.org/W2063478222","https://openalex.org/W2056799531"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0,35],"propose":[1],"a":[2,20],"new":[3,33],"model-based":[4],"approach":[5],"to":[6,44,63,116,130],"address":[7],"these":[8,74],"issues":[9],"through":[10],"joint":[11],"inference":[12],"of":[13,100,104,112],"population":[14,85,94,114],"structure":[15],"and":[16,41,53,71,126],"recombination":[17,69,127],"events":[18],"under":[19],"non-parametric":[21],"Bayesian":[22],"framework;":[23],"we":[24],"present":[25],"Spectrum,":[26],"an":[27,80,109],"efficient":[28],"implementation":[29],"based":[30,92],"on":[31,38,73,93],"our":[32],"model.":[34],"validated":[36],"Spectrum":[37],"simulated":[39],"data":[40,52],"applied":[42],"it":[43,78],"two":[45],"real":[46],"SNP":[47],"datasets,":[48],"including":[49],"single-population":[50],"Daly":[51],"the":[54,68,101,113],"four-population":[55],"HapMap":[56],"data.":[57],"Our":[58],"method":[59],"performs":[60],"well":[61],"relative":[62],"LDhat":[64],"2.0":[65],"in":[66],"estimating":[67],"rates":[70],"hotspots":[72],"datasets.":[75],"More":[76],"interestingly,":[77],"generates":[79],"ancestral":[81],"spectrum":[82],"for":[83],"representing":[84],"structures":[86,115],"which":[87,122],"not":[88],"only":[89],"displays":[90],"sub-structure":[91],"founders":[95],"but":[96],"also":[97],"reveals":[98],"details":[99],"genetic":[102],"diversity":[103],"each":[105],"individual.":[106],"It":[107],"offers":[108],"alternative":[110],"view":[111],"that":[117],"offered":[118],"by":[119],"Structure":[120],"2.1,":[121],"ignores":[123],"chromosome-level":[124],"mutation":[125],"with":[128],"respect":[129],"founders.":[131]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
