{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2113498255","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/btg082","title":"Codon pairs in the genome of Escherichia coli","display_name":"Codon pairs in the genome of Escherichia coli","publication_year":2003,"publication_date":"2003-05-21","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2113498255","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/btg082","mag":"2113498255","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12761062"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1093/bioinformatics/btg082","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/btg082","pdf_url":"https://academic.oup.com/bioinformatics/article-pdf/19/8/987/641898/btg082.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S52395412","display_name":"Bioinformatics","issn_l":"1367-4803","issn":["1367-4803","1367-4811"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Bioinformatics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://academic.oup.com/bioinformatics/article-pdf/19/8/987/641898/btg082.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027390399","display_name":"Svetlana Boycheva","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-6538-9124"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210096874","display_name":"Institute of Molecular Biology","ror":"https://ror.org/00t7c6f62","country_code":"BG","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24768866","https://openalex.org/I4210096874"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24768866","display_name":"Bulgarian Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/01x8hew03","country_code":"BG","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24768866"]}],"countries":["BG"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Svetlana Boycheva","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Gene Regulations, Institute of Molecular Biology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia 1113, Bulgaria. svetlana@obzor.bio21.bas.bg","Department of Gene Regulations, Institute of Molecular Biology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia 1113, Bulgaria"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Gene Regulations, Institute of Molecular Biology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia 1113, Bulgaria. svetlana@obzor.bio21.bas.bg","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210096874","https://openalex.org/I24768866"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Gene Regulations, Institute of Molecular Biology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia 1113, Bulgaria","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013080812","display_name":"Georgi Chkodrov","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210134208","display_name":"Institute of Biophysics","ror":"https://ror.org/034g04n73","country_code":"BG","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210134208"]}],"countries":["BG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Georgi Chkodrov","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Biophysics, Institute of Biophysics, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia 1113, Bulgaria"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biophysics, Institute of Biophysics, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia 1113, Bulgaria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210134208"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063645529","display_name":"Ivan Ivanov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6826-2723"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210096874","display_name":"Institute of Molecular Biology","ror":"https://ror.org/00t7c6f62","country_code":"BG","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24768866","https://openalex.org/I4210096874"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24768866","display_name":"Bulgarian Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/01x8hew03","country_code":"BG","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24768866"]}],"countries":["BG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ivan Ivanov","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Gene Regulations, Institute of Molecular Biology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia 1113, Bulgaria and"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Gene Regulations, Institute of Molecular Biology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia 1113, Bulgaria and","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24768866","https://openalex.org/I4210096874"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5027390399"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24768866","https://openalex.org/I4210096874"],"apc_list":{"value":3618,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3618},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.8301,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":81,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.84851067,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"19","issue":"8","first_page":"987","last_page":"998"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10521","display_name":"RNA and protein synthesis mechanisms","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10521","display_name":"RNA and protein synthesis mechanisms","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11482","display_name":"RNA modifications and cancer","score":0.9980999827384949,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10015","display_name":"Genomics and Phylogenetic Studies","score":0.9965999722480774,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/codon-usage-bias","display_name":"Codon usage bias","score":0.7402801513671875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/genetics","display_name":"Genetics","score":0.6417797803878784},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/orfs","display_name":"ORFS","score":0.637657880783081},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/translation","display_name":"Translation (biology)","score":0.6374613046646118},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biology","display_name":"Biology","score":0.5999553799629211},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/start-codon","display_name":"Start codon","score":0.5688794255256653},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/escherichia-coli","display_name":"Escherichia coli","score":0.5675544142723083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ribosome","display_name":"Ribosome","score":0.5606626272201538},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gene","display_name":"Gene","score":0.5588391423225403},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/genome","display_name":"Genome","score":0.5559697151184082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/open-reading-frame","display_name":"Open reading frame","score":0.4806041419506073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stop-codon","display_name":"Stop codon","score":0.47792965173721313},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transfer-rna","display_name":"Transfer RNA","score":0.45115789771080017},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computational-biology","display_name":"Computational biology","score":0.3466164469718933},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/messenger-rna","display_name":"Messenger RNA","score":0.16057121753692627},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rna","display_name":"RNA","score":0.13007783889770508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/peptide-sequence","display_name":"Peptide sequence","score":0.11292541027069092}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87253356","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1106472","display_name":"Codon usage bias","level":4,"score":0.7402801513671875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54355233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162","display_name":"Genetics","level":1,"score":0.6417797803878784},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780530800","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7072921","display_name":"ORFS","level":5,"score":0.637657880783081},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149364088","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q185917","display_name":"Translation (biology)","level":4,"score":0.6374613046646118},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.5999553799629211},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C176990463","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1854186","display_name":"Start codon","level":4,"score":0.5688794255256653},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C547475151","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25419","display_name":"Escherichia coli","level":3,"score":0.5675544142723083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C88478588","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42244","display_name":"Ribosome","level":4,"score":0.5606626272201538},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.5588391423225403},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C141231307","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7020","display_name":"Genome","level":3,"score":0.5559697151184082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47289529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q908550","display_name":"Open reading frame","level":4,"score":0.4806041419506073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C20580545","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q28354","display_name":"Stop codon","level":3,"score":0.47792965173721313},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153957851","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q201448","display_name":"Transfer RNA","level":4,"score":0.45115789771080017},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70721500","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177005","display_name":"Computational biology","level":1,"score":0.3466164469718933},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105580179","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188928","display_name":"Messenger RNA","level":3,"score":0.16057121753692627},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C67705224","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11053","display_name":"RNA","level":3,"score":0.13007783889770508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C167625842","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q899763","display_name":"Peptide sequence","level":3,"score":0.11292541027069092}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003062","descriptor_name":"Codon","qualifier_ui":"Q000145","qualifier_name":"classification","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003062","descriptor_name":"Codon","qualifier_ui":"Q000145","qualifier_name":"classification","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003062","descriptor_name":"Codon","qualifier_ui":"Q000145","qualifier_name":"classification","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003062","descriptor_name":"Codon","qualifier_ui":"Q000235","qualifier_name":"genetics","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003062","descriptor_name":"Codon","qualifier_ui":"Q000235","qualifier_name":"genetics","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003062","descriptor_name":"Codon","qualifier_ui":"Q000235","qualifier_name":"genetics","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004926","descriptor_name":"Escherichia coli","qualifier_ui":"Q000235","qualifier_name":"genetics","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004926","descriptor_name":"Escherichia coli","qualifier_ui":"Q000235","qualifier_name":"genetics","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004926","descriptor_name":"Escherichia coli","qualifier_ui":"Q000235","qualifier_name":"genetics","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005787","descriptor_name":"Gene Frequency","qualifier_ui":"Q000235","qualifier_name":"genetics","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005787","descriptor_name":"Gene Frequency","qualifier_ui":"Q000235","qualifier_name":"genetics","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005787","descriptor_name":"Gene Frequency","qualifier_ui":"Q000235","qualifier_name":"genetics","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014176","descriptor_name":"Protein Biosynthesis","qualifier_ui":"Q000235","qualifier_name":"genetics","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014176","descriptor_name":"Protein Biosynthesis","qualifier_ui":"Q000235","qualifier_name":"genetics","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014176","descriptor_name":"Protein Biosynthesis","qualifier_ui":"Q000235","qualifier_name":"genetics","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015964","descriptor_name":"Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial","qualifier_ui":"Q000235","qualifier_name":"genetics","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015964","descriptor_name":"Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial","qualifier_ui":"Q000235","qualifier_name":"genetics","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015964","descriptor_name":"Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial","qualifier_ui":"Q000235","qualifier_name":"genetics","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016680","descriptor_name":"Genome, Bacterial","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D016680","descriptor_name":"Genome, Bacterial","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D016680","descriptor_name":"Genome, Bacterial","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D017422","descriptor_name":"Sequence Analysis, DNA","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D017422","descriptor_name":"Sequence Analysis, DNA","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D017422","descriptor_name":"Sequence Analysis, DNA","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D030561","descriptor_name":"Databases, Nucleic Acid","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D030561","descriptor_name":"Databases, Nucleic Acid","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D030561","descriptor_name":"Databases, Nucleic Acid","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1093/bioinformatics/btg082","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/btg082","pdf_url":"https://academic.oup.com/bioinformatics/article-pdf/19/8/987/641898/btg082.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S52395412","display_name":"Bioinformatics","issn_l":"1367-4803","issn":["1367-4803","1367-4811"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Bioinformatics","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:12761062","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12761062","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Bioinformatics (Oxford, England)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.605.304","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.605.304","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://bioinformatics.oxfordjournals.org/content/19/8/987.full.pdf","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1093/bioinformatics/btg082","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/btg082","pdf_url":"https://academic.oup.com/bioinformatics/article-pdf/19/8/987/641898/btg082.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S52395412","display_name":"Bioinformatics","issn_l":"1367-4803","issn":["1367-4803","1367-4811"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Bioinformatics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2113498255.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2113498255.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":18,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W152630325","https://openalex.org/W1504552716","https://openalex.org/W1979926671","https://openalex.org/W1986902849","https://openalex.org/W1987853052","https://openalex.org/W2018590530","https://openalex.org/W2020302409","https://openalex.org/W2029782419","https://openalex.org/W2030124329","https://openalex.org/W2034336251","https://openalex.org/W2042700625","https://openalex.org/W2060814898","https://openalex.org/W2063504601","https://openalex.org/W2064129564","https://openalex.org/W2072284352","https://openalex.org/W2084392772","https://openalex.org/W2125076649","https://openalex.org/W2134153749"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2048688848","https://openalex.org/W1978033184","https://openalex.org/W1997395408","https://openalex.org/W2107647518","https://openalex.org/W2260160227","https://openalex.org/W2073823517","https://openalex.org/W2087892992","https://openalex.org/W3148570048","https://openalex.org/W2029252138","https://openalex.org/W2382615750"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"program":[1],"used":[2],"in":[3],"this":[4],"study":[5],"is":[6],"available":[7],"at":[8],"http://www.bio21.bas.bg/codonpairs/":[9]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":8}],"updated_date":"2026-04-04T16:13:02.066488","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
