{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4414346385","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/btaf508","title":"Predicting the trend of SARS-CoV-2 mutation frequencies using historical data","display_name":"Predicting the trend of SARS-CoV-2 mutation frequencies using historical data","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-09-17","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4414346385","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/btaf508","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40973044"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1093/bioinformatics/btaf508","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/btaf508","pdf_url":"https://academic.oup.com/bioinformatics/advance-article-pdf/doi/10.1093/bioinformatics/btaf508/64302284/btaf508.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S52395412","display_name":"Bioinformatics","issn_l":"1367-4803","issn":["1367-4803","1367-4811"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Bioinformatics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://academic.oup.com/bioinformatics/advance-article-pdf/doi/10.1093/bioinformatics/btaf508/64302284/btaf508.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102803560","display_name":"Xinyu Zhou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0656-5056"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210119109","display_name":"Indiana University Bloomington","ror":"https://ror.org/02k40bc56","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210119109","https://openalex.org/I592451"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I55769427","display_name":"Indiana University \u2013 Purdue University Indianapolis","ror":"https://ror.org/05gxnyn08","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I55769427","https://openalex.org/I592451"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Xinyu Zhou","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, School of Medicine, Indiana University , Indianapolis, IN, 46202,","Department of Computer Science, Indiana University Bloomington , Bloomington, IN, 47408,","Indiana University Center for Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, School of Medicine, , Indianapolis, IN","Indiana University Bloomington Department of Computer Science, , Bloomington, IN"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, School of Medicine, Indiana University , Indianapolis, IN, 46202,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55769427"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Indiana University Bloomington , Bloomington, IN, 47408,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210119109"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Indiana University Center for Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, School of Medicine, , Indianapolis, IN","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55769427"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Indiana University Bloomington Department of Computer Science, , Bloomington, IN","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210119109"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069457476","display_name":"Yi Yan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0159-8588"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1335686170","display_name":"Center for Devices and Radiological Health","ror":"https://ror.org/007x9se63","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299022934","https://openalex.org/I1320320070","https://openalex.org/I1335686170"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yi Yan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Division of Microbiology Devices (DMD), Office of In Vitro Diagnostics and Radiological Health (OHT7), Center for Devices and Radiological Health (CDRH), U.S. Food and Drug Administration , Silver Spring, MD, 20993,","U.S. Food and Drug Administration Division of Microbiology Devices (DMD), Office of In Vitro Diagnostics and Radiological Health (OHT7), Center for Devices and Radiological Health (CDRH), , Silver Spring, MD"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Microbiology Devices (DMD), Office of In Vitro Diagnostics and Radiological Health (OHT7), Center for Devices and Radiological Health (CDRH), U.S. Food and Drug Administration , Silver Spring, MD, 20993,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1335686170"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"U.S. Food and Drug Administration Division of Microbiology Devices (DMD), Office of In Vitro Diagnostics and Radiological Health (OHT7), Center for Devices and Radiological Health (CDRH), , Silver Spring, MD","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1335686170"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089407893","display_name":"Kevin Hu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210089797","display_name":"Carmel Research Center","ror":"https://ror.org/008jvtm10","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210089797"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210149636","display_name":"Carmel Unified School District","ror":"https://ror.org/04zwjnc85","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210149636"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I55769427","display_name":"Indiana University \u2013 Purdue University Indianapolis","ror":"https://ror.org/05gxnyn08","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I55769427","https://openalex.org/I592451"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kevin Hu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Carmel High School , Carmel, IN, 46032,","Center for Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, School of Medicine, Indiana University , Indianapolis, IN, 46202,","Indiana University Center for Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, School of Medicine, , Indianapolis, IN","Carmel High School , Carmel, IN"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Carmel High School , Carmel, IN, 46032,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210089797"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, School of Medicine, Indiana University , Indianapolis, IN, 46202,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55769427"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Indiana University Center for Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, School of Medicine, , Indianapolis, IN","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55769427"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Carmel High School , Carmel, IN","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210089797","https://openalex.org/I4210149636"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078007096","display_name":"Haixu Tang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8963-8155"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210119109","display_name":"Indiana University Bloomington","ror":"https://ror.org/02k40bc56","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210119109","https://openalex.org/I592451"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Haixu Tang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, Indiana University Bloomington , Bloomington, IN, 47408,","Indiana University Bloomington Department of Computer Science, , Bloomington, IN"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Indiana University Bloomington , Bloomington, IN, 47408,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210119109"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Indiana University Bloomington Department of Computer Science, , Bloomington, IN","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210119109"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Yijie Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1656-8939"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210119109","display_name":"Indiana University Bloomington","ror":"https://ror.org/02k40bc56","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210119109","https://openalex.org/I592451"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yijie Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, Indiana University Bloomington , Bloomington, IN, 47408,","Indiana University Bloomington Department of Computer Science, , Bloomington, IN"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Indiana University Bloomington , Bloomington, IN, 47408,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210119109"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Indiana University Bloomington Department of Computer Science, , Bloomington, IN","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210119109"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100364448","display_name":"Lu Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4412-3438"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I198089087","display_name":"Ball State University","ror":"https://ror.org/00k6tx165","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I198089087"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lu Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Information Systems and Operations Management, Ball State University , Muncie, IN, 47306,","Ball State University Department of Information Systems and Operations Management, , Muncie, IN"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information Systems and Operations Management, Ball State University , Muncie, IN, 47306,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I198089087"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ball State University Department of Information Systems and Operations Management, , Muncie, IN","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I198089087"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012408594","display_name":"Chi Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9553-0925"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165690674","display_name":"Oregon Health & Science University","ror":"https://ror.org/009avj582","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165690674"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I55769427","display_name":"Indiana University \u2013 Purdue University Indianapolis","ror":"https://ror.org/05gxnyn08","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I55769427","https://openalex.org/I592451"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chi Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, School of Medicine, Indiana University , Indianapolis, IN, 46202,","Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health and Science University , Portland, OR, 97201,","Indiana University Center for Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, School of Medicine, , Indianapolis, IN","Oregon Health and Science University Department of Biomedical Engineering, , Portland, OR"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, School of Medicine, Indiana University , Indianapolis, IN, 46202,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55769427"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health and Science University , Portland, OR, 97201,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165690674"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Indiana University Center for Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, School of Medicine, , Indianapolis, IN","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55769427"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Oregon Health and Science University Department of Biomedical Engineering, , Portland, OR","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165690674"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042749306","display_name":"Sha Cao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8645-848X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1283055418","display_name":"Indiana University Health","ror":"https://ror.org/01aaptx40","country_code":"US","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1283055418","https://openalex.org/I4388446366","https://openalex.org/I592451"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165690674","display_name":"Oregon Health & Science University","ror":"https://ror.org/009avj582","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165690674"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I55769427","display_name":"Indiana University \u2013 Purdue University Indianapolis","ror":"https://ror.org/05gxnyn08","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I55769427","https://openalex.org/I592451"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sha Cao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, School of Medicine, Indiana University , Indianapolis, IN, 46202,","Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health and Science University , Portland, OR, 97201,","Department of Biostatistics and Health Data Science, School of Medicine, Indiana University , Indianapolis, IN, 46202,","Indiana University Center for Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, School of Medicine, , Indianapolis, IN","Oregon Health and Science University Department of Biomedical Engineering, , Portland, OR"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, School of Medicine, Indiana University , Indianapolis, IN, 46202,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55769427"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health and Science University , Portland, OR, 97201,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165690674"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biostatistics and Health Data Science, School of Medicine, Indiana University , Indianapolis, IN, 46202,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1283055418","https://openalex.org/I55769427"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Indiana University Center for Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, School of Medicine, , Indianapolis, IN","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55769427"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Oregon Health and Science University Department of Biomedical Engineering, , Portland, OR","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165690674"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":8,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5102803560"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210119109","https://openalex.org/I55769427"],"apc_list":{"value":3618,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3618},"apc_paid":{"value":3618,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3618},"fwci":1.2317,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.82851154,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"41","issue":"10","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11775","display_name":"COVID-19 diagnosis using AI","score":0.982200026512146,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11775","display_name":"COVID-19 diagnosis using AI","score":0.982200026512146,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10118","display_name":"SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 Research","score":0.9796000123023987,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2725","display_name":"Infectious Diseases"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10410","display_name":"COVID-19 epidemiological studies","score":0.979200005531311,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2611","display_name":"Modeling and Simulation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/26","display_name":"Mathematics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/r-package","display_name":"R package","score":0.697700023651123},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/relevance","display_name":"Relevance (law)","score":0.6395999789237976},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mutation","display_name":"Mutation","score":0.5320000052452087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/coronavirus-disease-2019","display_name":"Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)","score":0.5235000252723694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software","display_name":"Software","score":0.42669999599456787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-package","display_name":"Software package","score":0.40310001373291016}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2984074130","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q73539779","display_name":"R package","level":2,"score":0.697700023651123},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158154518","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7310970","display_name":"Relevance (law)","level":2,"score":0.6395999789237976},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6144999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C501734568","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42918","display_name":"Mutation","level":3,"score":0.5320000052452087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3008058167","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q84263196","display_name":"Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)","level":4,"score":0.5235000252723694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.4487000107765198},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.42669999599456787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3020440742","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1176855","display_name":"Software package","level":3,"score":0.40310001373291016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3007834351","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82069695","display_name":"Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)","level":5,"score":0.3723999857902527},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3006700255","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q81068910","display_name":"2019-20 coronavirus outbreak","level":3,"score":0.33730000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.32899999618530273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70721500","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177005","display_name":"Computational biology","level":1,"score":0.31200000643730164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148043351","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4456944","display_name":"Current (fluid)","level":2,"score":0.29670000076293945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3018397939","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3644502","display_name":"Open source","level":3,"score":0.2863999903202057},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.26930001378059387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.2662999927997589},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149782125","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160039","display_name":"Econometrics","level":1,"score":0.25929999351501465}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000069550","descriptor_name":"Machine Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000069550","descriptor_name":"Machine Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000069550","descriptor_name":"Machine Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000069550","descriptor_name":"Machine Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000069550","descriptor_name":"Machine Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000069550","descriptor_name":"Machine Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000069550","descriptor_name":"Machine Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000086382","descriptor_name":"COVID-19","qualifier_ui":"Q000453","qualifier_name":"epidemiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000086382","descriptor_name":"COVID-19","qualifier_ui":"Q000453","qualifier_name":"epidemiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000086382","descriptor_name":"COVID-19","qualifier_ui":"Q000453","qualifier_name":"epidemiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000086382","descriptor_name":"COVID-19","qualifier_ui":"Q000453","qualifier_name":"epidemiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000086382","descriptor_name":"COVID-19","qualifier_ui":"Q000453","qualifier_name":"epidemiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000086382","descriptor_name":"COVID-19","qualifier_ui":"Q000453","qualifier_name":"epidemiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000086382","descriptor_name":"COVID-19","qualifier_ui":"Q000453","qualifier_name":"epidemiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000086382","descriptor_name":"COVID-19","qualifier_ui":"Q000821","qualifier_name":"virology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000086382","descriptor_name":"COVID-19","qualifier_ui":"Q000821","qualifier_name":"virology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000086382","descriptor_name":"COVID-19","qualifier_ui":"Q000821","qualifier_name":"virology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000086382","descriptor_name":"COVID-19","qualifier_ui":"Q000821","qualifier_name":"virology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000086382","descriptor_name":"COVID-19","qualifier_ui":"Q000821","qualifier_name":"virology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000086382","descriptor_name":"COVID-19","qualifier_ui":"Q000821","qualifier_name":"virology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000086382","descriptor_name":"COVID-19","qualifier_ui":"Q000821","qualifier_name":"virology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000086402","descriptor_name":"SARS-CoV-2","qualifier_ui":"Q000235","qualifier_name":"genetics","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000086402","descriptor_name":"SARS-CoV-2","qualifier_ui":"Q000235","qualifier_name":"genetics","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000086402","descriptor_name":"SARS-CoV-2","qualifier_ui":"Q000235","qualifier_name":"genetics","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000086402","descriptor_name":"SARS-CoV-2","qualifier_ui":"Q000235","qualifier_name":"genetics","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000086402","descriptor_name":"SARS-CoV-2","qualifier_ui":"Q000235","qualifier_name":"genetics","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000086402","descriptor_name":"SARS-CoV-2","qualifier_ui":"Q000235","qualifier_name":"genetics","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000086402","descriptor_name":"SARS-CoV-2","qualifier_ui":"Q000235","qualifier_name":"genetics","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000086402","descriptor_name":"SARS-CoV-2","qualifier_ui":"Q000737","qualifier_name":"chemistry","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000086402","descriptor_name":"SARS-CoV-2","qualifier_ui":"Q000737","qualifier_name":"chemistry","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000086402","descriptor_name":"SARS-CoV-2","qualifier_ui":"Q000737","qualifier_name":"chemistry","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009154","descriptor_name":"Mutation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009154","descriptor_name":"Mutation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009154","descriptor_name":"Mutation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D009154","descriptor_name":"Mutation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009154","descriptor_name":"Mutation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D009154","descriptor_name":"Mutation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D009154","descriptor_name":"Mutation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D014481","descriptor_name":"United States","qualifier_ui":"Q000453","qualifier_name":"epidemiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014481","descriptor_name":"United States","qualifier_ui":"Q000453","qualifier_name":"epidemiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014481","descriptor_name":"United States","qualifier_ui":"Q000453","qualifier_name":"epidemiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014481","descriptor_name":"United States","qualifier_ui":"Q000453","qualifier_name":"epidemiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014481","descriptor_name":"United States","qualifier_ui":"Q000453","qualifier_name":"epidemiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014481","descriptor_name":"United States","qualifier_ui":"Q000453","qualifier_name":"epidemiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014481","descriptor_name":"United States","qualifier_ui":"Q000453","qualifier_name":"epidemiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016571","descriptor_name":"Neural Networks, Computer","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016571","descriptor_name":"Neural Networks, Computer","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016571","descriptor_name":"Neural Networks, Computer","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016571","descriptor_name":"Neural Networks, Computer","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D059645","descriptor_name":"Mutation Rate","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D059645","descriptor_name":"Mutation Rate","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D059645","descriptor_name":"Mutation Rate","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D059645","descriptor_name":"Mutation Rate","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D060388","descriptor_name":"Support Vector Machine","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D060388","descriptor_name":"Support Vector Machine","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D060388","descriptor_name":"Support Vector Machine","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D060388","descriptor_name":"Support Vector Machine","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D060388","descriptor_name":"Support Vector Machine","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D060388","descriptor_name":"Support Vector Machine","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D060388","descriptor_name":"Support Vector Machine","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1093/bioinformatics/btaf508","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/btaf508","pdf_url":"https://academic.oup.com/bioinformatics/advance-article-pdf/doi/10.1093/bioinformatics/btaf508/64302284/btaf508.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S52395412","display_name":"Bioinformatics","issn_l":"1367-4803","issn":["1367-4803","1367-4811"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Bioinformatics","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:40973044","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40973044","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Bioinformatics (Oxford, England)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:scholarworks.indianapolis.iu.edu:1805/51993","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/1805/51993","pdf_url":"https://scholarworks.indianapolis.iu.edu/bitstreams/7bffd4db-6cf1-4112-b98d-9d03fcd9f61c/download","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400987","display_name":"IUScholarWorks (Indiana University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I592451","host_organization_name":"Indiana University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I592451"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"PMC","raw_type":"Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:europepmc.org:11310834","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/12502910","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:12502910","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12502910/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Bioinformatics","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1093/bioinformatics/btaf508","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/btaf508","pdf_url":"https://academic.oup.com/bioinformatics/advance-article-pdf/doi/10.1093/bioinformatics/btaf508/64302284/btaf508.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S52395412","display_name":"Bioinformatics","issn_l":"1367-4803","issn":["1367-4803","1367-4811"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Bioinformatics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2175240504","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"NSF-IIS-2514834","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4736739309","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"IIS-2145314","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6833099030","display_name":"CAREER: Disentangled learning of high dimensional biomedical data in the presence of inherent heterogeneity","funder_award_id":"2514834","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6839358840","display_name":"CAREER: Disentangled learning of high dimensional biomedical data in the presence of inherent heterogeneity","funder_award_id":"2145314","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8317733455","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"NSF-IIS-2145314","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G848032724","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Science","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4414346385.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4414346385.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":31,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W28412257","https://openalex.org/W2059804518","https://openalex.org/W2117014758","https://openalex.org/W2747599906","https://openalex.org/W2980994438","https://openalex.org/W3015914307","https://openalex.org/W3020188044","https://openalex.org/W3022687324","https://openalex.org/W3098697637","https://openalex.org/W3130954900","https://openalex.org/W3132370527","https://openalex.org/W3153636933","https://openalex.org/W3165479483","https://openalex.org/W3181231283","https://openalex.org/W3193682077","https://openalex.org/W3196531163","https://openalex.org/W3199849883","https://openalex.org/W3207691699","https://openalex.org/W3211150081","https://openalex.org/W4212857232","https://openalex.org/W4221092123","https://openalex.org/W4224227149","https://openalex.org/W4225492776","https://openalex.org/W4285801904","https://openalex.org/W4308210971","https://openalex.org/W4309308375","https://openalex.org/W4309365334","https://openalex.org/W4317433606","https://openalex.org/W4319877373","https://openalex.org/W4321611793","https://openalex.org/W4323057707"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"To":[0],"enhance":[1],"accessibility":[2],"and":[3],"utility,":[4],"we":[5],"built":[6],"our":[7],"methodology":[8],"into":[9],"a":[10],"GitHub":[11],"package":[12],"(https://github.com/ZhouXY199502/SWD).":[13],"Our":[14],"method":[15],"has":[16],"the":[17,33],"potential":[18],"applicability":[19],"to":[20],"study":[21],"other":[22],"infectious":[23],"diseases":[24],"or":[25],"forecasting":[26],"tasks,":[27],"thus":[28],"extending":[29],"its":[30],"relevance":[31],"beyond":[32],"current":[34],"COVID":[35],"pandemic.":[36]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-18T07:56:08.524223","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}