{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3132542462","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/btab120","title":"An enhanced loss function simplifies the deep learning model for characterizing the 3D organoid models","display_name":"An enhanced loss function simplifies the deep learning model for characterizing the 3D organoid models","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-02-22","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3132542462","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/btab120","mag":"3132542462","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33620423"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1093/bioinformatics/btab120","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/btab120","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S52395412","display_name":"Bioinformatics","issn_l":"1367-4803","issn":["1367-4803","1367-4811"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Bioinformatics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/8479668","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054315462","display_name":"Garrett Winkelmaier","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2027-352X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I134113660","display_name":"University of Nevada, Reno","ror":"https://ror.org/01keh0577","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I134113660"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Garrett Winkelmaier","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Biomedical Engineering, University of Nevada Reno , Reno, NV 89557, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Biomedical Engineering, University of Nevada Reno , Reno, NV 89557, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I134113660"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103044353","display_name":"Bahram Parvin","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I134113660","display_name":"University of Nevada, Reno","ror":"https://ror.org/01keh0577","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I134113660"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Bahram Parvin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Nevada Reno , Reno, NV 89557, USA","Department of Electrical and Biomedical Engineering, University of Nevada Reno , Reno, NV 89557, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Nevada Reno , Reno, NV 89557, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I134113660"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Biomedical Engineering, University of Nevada Reno , Reno, NV 89557, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I134113660"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5103044353"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I134113660"],"apc_list":{"value":3618,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3618},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.2551,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":18,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.91780427,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"37","issue":"18","first_page":"3084","last_page":"3085"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12859","display_name":"Cell Image Analysis Techniques","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1304","display_name":"Biophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12859","display_name":"Cell Image Analysis Techniques","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1304","display_name":"Biophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10862","display_name":"AI in cancer detection","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10336","display_name":"Cancer Cells and Metastasis","score":0.9966999888420105,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2730","display_name":"Oncology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/organoid","display_name":"Organoid","score":0.8619853854179382},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"Deep learning","score":0.6462790369987488},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6192927360534668},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software","display_name":"Software","score":0.5470595359802246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/confocal-microscopy","display_name":"Confocal microscopy","score":0.498776912689209},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.49085313081741333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/profiling","display_name":"Profiling (computer programming)","score":0.42584890127182007},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/perception","display_name":"Perception","score":0.417947381734848},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biology","display_name":"Biology","score":0.39733240008354187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computational-biology","display_name":"Computational biology","score":0.3514545261859894},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.32478269934654236},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/neuroscience","display_name":"Neuroscience","score":0.21449387073516846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cell-biology","display_name":"Cell biology","score":0.18957501649856567}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31695470","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11293125","display_name":"Organoid","level":2,"score":0.8619853854179382},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.6462790369987488},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6192927360534668},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.5470595359802246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779178360","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q902045","display_name":"Confocal microscopy","level":2,"score":0.498776912689209},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.49085313081741333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187191949","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1138496","display_name":"Profiling (computer programming)","level":2,"score":0.42584890127182007},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26760741","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160402","display_name":"Perception","level":2,"score":0.417947381734848},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.39733240008354187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70721500","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177005","display_name":"Computational biology","level":1,"score":0.3514545261859894},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.32478269934654236},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.21449387073516846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95444343","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7141","display_name":"Cell biology","level":1,"score":0.18957501649856567},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000077321","descriptor_name":"Deep Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000077321","descriptor_name":"Deep Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000077321","descriptor_name":"Deep Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002467","descriptor_name":"Cell Nucleus","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002467","descriptor_name":"Cell Nucleus","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002467","descriptor_name":"Cell Nucleus","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009940","descriptor_name":"Organoids","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009940","descriptor_name":"Organoids","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009940","descriptor_name":"Organoids","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012984","descriptor_name":"Software","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012984","descriptor_name":"Software","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012984","descriptor_name":"Software","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1093/bioinformatics/btab120","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/btab120","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S52395412","display_name":"Bioinformatics","issn_l":"1367-4803","issn":["1367-4803","1367-4811"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Bioinformatics","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:33620423","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33620423","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Bioinformatics (Oxford, England)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:8479668","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/8479668","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Bioinformatics","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:8479668","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/8479668","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Bioinformatics","raw_type":"Text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G143136426","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"80NSSC18K1464","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306101","funder_display_name":"National Aeronautics and Space Administration"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5946086046","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"R15-CA235430","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","funder_display_name":"National Institutes of Health"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306101","display_name":"National Aeronautics and Space Administration","ror":"https://ror.org/027ka1x80"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","display_name":"National Institutes of Health","ror":"https://ror.org/01cwqze88"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":5,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2307244832","https://openalex.org/W2563494429","https://openalex.org/W2892107476","https://openalex.org/W2947538463","https://openalex.org/W2991039337"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4386439204","https://openalex.org/W3033121461","https://openalex.org/W3094248195","https://openalex.org/W3215034816","https://openalex.org/W3047590429","https://openalex.org/W4307092668","https://openalex.org/W4280609759","https://openalex.org/W3048825385","https://openalex.org/W2811397904","https://openalex.org/W4388777186"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Supplementary":[0],"data":[1],"are":[2],"available":[3],"at":[4],"Bioinformatics":[5],"online.":[6]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":7}],"updated_date":"2026-04-21T08:09:41.155169","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}