{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3093653265","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/btaa910","title":"Classification and review of free PCR primer design software","display_name":"Classification and review of free PCR primer design software","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-10-13","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3093653265","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/btaa910","mag":"3093653265","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33104196"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1093/bioinformatics/btaa910","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/btaa910","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S52395412","display_name":"Bioinformatics","issn_l":"1367-4803","issn":["1367-4803","1367-4811"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Bioinformatics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022693418","display_name":"Jingwen Guo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-9690-0363"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20089843","display_name":"Princeton University","ror":"https://ror.org/00hx57361","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20089843"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jingwen Guo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science , Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science , Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20089843"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066184368","display_name":"David S. Starr","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I47838141","display_name":"Saint Louis University","ror":"https://ror.org/01p7jjy08","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I47838141"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"David Starr","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Pathology, Saint Louis University , St. Louis, MO 63104, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Pathology, Saint Louis University , St. Louis, MO 63104, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47838141"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110809616","display_name":"Huazhang Guo","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I47838141","display_name":"Saint Louis University","ror":"https://ror.org/01p7jjy08","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I47838141"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Huazhang Guo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Pathology, Saint Louis University , St. Louis, MO 63104, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Pathology, Saint Louis University , St. Louis, MO 63104, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47838141"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5110809616"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47838141"],"apc_list":{"value":3618,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3618},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.4188,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":42,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.81601877,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"36","issue":"22-23","first_page":"5263","last_page":"5268"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11970","display_name":"Molecular Biology Techniques and Applications","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11970","display_name":"Molecular Biology Techniques and Applications","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10015","display_name":"Genomics and Phylogenetic Studies","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11048","display_name":"Bacteriophages and microbial interactions","score":0.9973999857902527,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2303","display_name":"Ecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/primer","display_name":"Primer (cosmetics)","score":0.7251482009887695},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sanger-sequencing","display_name":"Sanger sequencing","score":0.6326011419296265},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biology","display_name":"Biology","score":0.5652992129325867},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multiplex-polymerase-chain-reaction","display_name":"Multiplex polymerase chain reaction","score":0.5575117468833923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/in-silico-pcr","display_name":"In silico PCR","score":0.5534366965293884},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computational-biology","display_name":"Computational biology","score":0.545973002910614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/polymerase-chain-reaction","display_name":"Polymerase chain reaction","score":0.5178935527801514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software","display_name":"Software","score":0.4958065450191498},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/genetics","display_name":"Genetics","score":0.46992242336273193},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multiplex","display_name":"Multiplex","score":0.4302672743797302},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dna-sequencing","display_name":"DNA sequencing","score":0.3615763187408447},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.3581993579864502},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gene","display_name":"Gene","score":0.33448243141174316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.11373433470726013}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777563447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7243397","display_name":"Primer (cosmetics)","level":2,"score":0.7251482009887695},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76818968","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181940","display_name":"Sanger sequencing","level":4,"score":0.6326011419296265},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.5652992129325867},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90583042","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1952456","display_name":"Multiplex polymerase chain reaction","level":4,"score":0.5575117468833923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C200658500","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4112082","display_name":"In silico PCR","level":5,"score":0.5534366965293884},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70721500","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177005","display_name":"Computational biology","level":1,"score":0.545973002910614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49105822","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176996","display_name":"Polymerase chain reaction","level":3,"score":0.5178935527801514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.4958065450191498},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54355233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162","display_name":"Genetics","level":1,"score":0.46992242336273193},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781188995","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6934982","display_name":"Multiplex","level":2,"score":0.4302672743797302},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C51679486","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q380546","display_name":"DNA sequencing","level":3,"score":0.3615763187408447},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.3581993579864502},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.33448243141174316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.11373433470726013},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178790620","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11351","display_name":"Organic chemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012984","descriptor_name":"Software","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012984","descriptor_name":"Software","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012984","descriptor_name":"Software","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D016133","descriptor_name":"Polymerase Chain Reaction","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016133","descriptor_name":"Polymerase Chain Reaction","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016133","descriptor_name":"Polymerase Chain Reaction","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D017931","descriptor_name":"DNA Primers","qualifier_ui":"Q000235","qualifier_name":"genetics","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D017931","descriptor_name":"DNA Primers","qualifier_ui":"Q000235","qualifier_name":"genetics","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D017931","descriptor_name":"DNA Primers","qualifier_ui":"Q000235","qualifier_name":"genetics","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D018895","descriptor_name":"Microsatellite Repeats","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D018895","descriptor_name":"Microsatellite Repeats","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D018895","descriptor_name":"Microsatellite Repeats","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D059014","descriptor_name":"High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D059014","descriptor_name":"High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D059014","descriptor_name":"High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1093/bioinformatics/btaa910","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/btaa910","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S52395412","display_name":"Bioinformatics","issn_l":"1367-4803","issn":["1367-4803","1367-4811"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Bioinformatics","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:33104196","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33104196","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Bioinformatics (Oxford, England)","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":66,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1499500424","https://openalex.org/W1513549908","https://openalex.org/W1981222811","https://openalex.org/W1981650336","https://openalex.org/W1996928029","https://openalex.org/W2013386241","https://openalex.org/W2032019813","https://openalex.org/W2033371591","https://openalex.org/W2037757990","https://openalex.org/W2042280132","https://openalex.org/W2048662221","https://openalex.org/W2053858933","https://openalex.org/W2054856719","https://openalex.org/W2055714310","https://openalex.org/W2073762451","https://openalex.org/W2084200293","https://openalex.org/W2085067923","https://openalex.org/W2086910630","https://openalex.org/W2090673358","https://openalex.org/W2098323713","https://openalex.org/W2100303227","https://openalex.org/W2101039585","https://openalex.org/W2101212905","https://openalex.org/W2104287544","https://openalex.org/W2105192266","https://openalex.org/W2108911279","https://openalex.org/W2113683699","https://openalex.org/W2116369055","https://openalex.org/W2119866708","https://openalex.org/W2120865268","https://openalex.org/W2122507690","https://openalex.org/W2127829299","https://openalex.org/W2128862717","https://openalex.org/W2131463690","https://openalex.org/W2131646461","https://openalex.org/W2136323702","https://openalex.org/W2136447533","https://openalex.org/W2138790488","https://openalex.org/W2139122477","https://openalex.org/W2143174447","https://openalex.org/W2143434226","https://openalex.org/W2144924760","https://openalex.org/W2146056253","https://openalex.org/W2146931904","https://openalex.org/W2147244812","https://openalex.org/W2149895172","https://openalex.org/W2162098634","https://openalex.org/W2171719398","https://openalex.org/W2522181709","https://openalex.org/W2568029223","https://openalex.org/W2801615337","https://openalex.org/W6629874611","https://openalex.org/W6653714063","https://openalex.org/W6660859976","https://openalex.org/W6669117049","https://openalex.org/W6674806536","https://openalex.org/W6675246921","https://openalex.org/W6677356143","https://openalex.org/W6678957155","https://openalex.org/W6680117288","https://openalex.org/W6680513373","https://openalex.org/W6680798097","https://openalex.org/W6681484313","https://openalex.org/W6681975041","https://openalex.org/W6731395473","https://openalex.org/W6980244328"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2360792334","https://openalex.org/W2133683229","https://openalex.org/W1975323116","https://openalex.org/W2066005224","https://openalex.org/W2083048402","https://openalex.org/W2367685784","https://openalex.org/W1585187208","https://openalex.org/W2113143881","https://openalex.org/W2064206660","https://openalex.org/W3084381115"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"article":[1],"focuses":[2],"on":[3],"currently":[4],"available":[5],"free":[6],"PCR":[7,23,45],"primer":[8],"design":[9],"software":[10,17,78],"and":[11,46,51,89],"their":[12,22,87],"major":[13],"functions":[14],"(https://pcrprimerdesign.github.io/).":[15],"The":[16],"are":[18],"classified":[19],"according":[20],"to":[21,54,70,81],"applications,":[24],"such":[25],"as":[26],"Sanger":[27],"sequencing,":[28,50],"reverse":[29],"transcription":[30],"quantitative":[31],"PCR,":[32],"single":[33],"nucleotide":[34],"polymorphism":[35],"detection,":[36,39,41,43],"splicing":[37],"variant":[38],"methylation":[40],"microsatellite":[42],"multiplex":[44],"targeted":[47],"next":[48],"generation":[49],"conserved/degenerate":[52],"primers":[53],"clone":[55],"orthologous":[56],"genes":[57],"from":[58],"related":[59,75],"species,":[60,68],"new":[61],"gene":[62],"family":[63],"members":[64],"in":[65],"the":[66],"same":[67],"or":[69],"detect":[71],"a":[72,83],"group":[73],"of":[74,86],"pathogens.":[76],"Each":[77],"is":[79],"summarized":[80],"provide":[82],"technical":[84],"review":[85],"capabilities":[88],"utilities.":[90]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-03-26T15:22:09.906841","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
