{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2009483826","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/gku1166","title":"Allele frequency net 2015 update: new features for HLA epitopes, KIR and disease and HLA adverse drug reaction associations","display_name":"Allele frequency net 2015 update: new features for HLA epitopes, KIR and disease and HLA adverse drug reaction associations","publication_year":2014,"publication_date":"2014-11-20","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2009483826","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/gku1166","mag":"2009483826","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25414323"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1093/nar/gku1166","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/gku1166","pdf_url":"https://academic.oup.com/nar/article-pdf/43/D1/D784/7326804/gku1166.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S134668137","display_name":"Nucleic Acids Research","issn_l":"0305-1048","issn":["0305-1048","1362-4954","1362-4962"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Nucleic Acids Research","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://academic.oup.com/nar/article-pdf/43/D1/D784/7326804/gku1166.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018779412","display_name":"Faviel F. Gonz\u00e1lez-Galarza","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4233-313X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I146655781","display_name":"University of Liverpool","ror":"https://ror.org/04xs57h96","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I146655781"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I194672558","display_name":"Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Coahuila","ror":"https://ror.org/00dpnh189","country_code":"MX","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I194672558"]}],"countries":["GB","MX"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Faviel\u00a0F. Gonz\u00e1lez-Galarza","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK Center for Biomedical Research, Faculty of Medicine, Autonomous University of Coahuila, Torreon, Mexico","Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK","Center for Biomedical Research, Faculty of Medicine, Autonomous University of Coahuila, Torreon, Mexico"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK Center for Biomedical Research, Faculty of Medicine, Autonomous University of Coahuila, Torreon, Mexico","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I146655781"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Biomedical Research, Faculty of Medicine, Autonomous University of Coahuila, Torreon, Mexico","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I194672558"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035276198","display_name":"Louise Y.C. Takeshita","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4288-4388"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I146655781","display_name":"University of Liverpool","ror":"https://ror.org/04xs57h96","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I146655781"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Louise\u00a0Y.C. Takeshita","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I146655781"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073837482","display_name":"Eduardo Jos\u00e9 Melo dos Santos","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5134-5648"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I146655781","display_name":"University of Liverpool","ror":"https://ror.org/04xs57h96","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I146655781"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I59606676","display_name":"Universidade Federal do Par\u00e1","ror":"https://ror.org/03q9sr818","country_code":"BR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I59606676"]}],"countries":["BR","GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Eduardo\u00a0J.M. Santos","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK Human and Medical Genetics, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Par\u00e1, Brazil","Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK","Human and Medical Genetics, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Par\u00e1, Brazil"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK Human and Medical Genetics, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Par\u00e1, Brazil","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I146655781"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Human and Medical Genetics, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Par\u00e1, Brazil","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I59606676"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075528563","display_name":"Felicity Kempson","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I146655781","display_name":"University of Liverpool","ror":"https://ror.org/04xs57h96","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I146655781"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Felicity Kempson","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I146655781"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068687710","display_name":"Mar\u00eda Helena Thomaz Maia","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7155-6450"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I59606676","display_name":"Universidade Federal do Par\u00e1","ror":"https://ror.org/03q9sr818","country_code":"BR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I59606676"]}],"countries":["BR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Maria\u00a0Helena\u00a0Thomaz Maia","raw_affiliation_strings":["Human and Medical Genetics, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Par\u00e1, Brazil"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Human and Medical Genetics, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Par\u00e1, Brazil","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I59606676"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090958388","display_name":"Andr\u00e9a Luciana Soares da Silva","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4299-0252"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I59606676","display_name":"Universidade Federal do Par\u00e1","ror":"https://ror.org/03q9sr818","country_code":"BR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I59606676"]}],"countries":["BR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Andrea\u00a0Luciana\u00a0Soares\u00a0da Silva","raw_affiliation_strings":["Human and Medical Genetics, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Par\u00e1, Brazil"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Human and Medical Genetics, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Par\u00e1, Brazil","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I59606676"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090180701","display_name":"Andr\u00e9 Lu\u00edz Teles e Silva","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4621-7742"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I59606676","display_name":"Universidade Federal do Par\u00e1","ror":"https://ror.org/03q9sr818","country_code":"BR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I59606676"]}],"countries":["BR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Andr\u00e9\u00a0Luiz\u00a0Teles\u00a0e Silva","raw_affiliation_strings":["Human and Medical Genetics, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Par\u00e1, Brazil"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Human and Medical Genetics, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Par\u00e1, Brazil","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I59606676"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037321380","display_name":"Gurpreet Ghattaoraya","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4809-7342"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I146655781","display_name":"University of Liverpool","ror":"https://ror.org/04xs57h96","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I146655781"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gurpreet\u00a0S. Ghattaoraya","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK Department of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK","Department of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK","Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK Department of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I146655781"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I146655781"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077741051","display_name":"Ana Alfirevic","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2801-9817"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I146655781","display_name":"University of Liverpool","ror":"https://ror.org/04xs57h96","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I146655781"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ana Alfirevic","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I146655781"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073268875","display_name":"Andrew R. Jones","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6118-9327"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I146655781","display_name":"University of Liverpool","ror":"https://ror.org/04xs57h96","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I146655781"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Andrew\u00a0R. Jones","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK Andrew.Jones@liv.ac.uk","Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK Andrew.Jones@liv.ac.uk","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I146655781"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072462908","display_name":"Derek Middleton","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6688-8642"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802729160","display_name":"Royal Liverpool and Broadgreen University Hospital NHS Trust","ror":"https://ror.org/009sa0g06","country_code":"GB","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2802729160"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I146655781","display_name":"University of Liverpool","ror":"https://ror.org/04xs57h96","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I146655781"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Derek Middleton","raw_affiliation_strings":["Transplant Immunology Laboratory, Royal Liverpool and Broadgreen University Hospital, University of Liverpool, UK Institute of Infection and Global Health, University of Liverpool, UK","Transplant Immunology Laboratory, Royal Liverpool and Broadgreen University Hospital, University of Liverpool, UK","Institute of Infection and Global Health, University of Liverpool, UK"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Transplant Immunology Laboratory, Royal Liverpool and Broadgreen University Hospital, University of Liverpool, UK Institute of Infection and Global Health, University of Liverpool, UK","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Transplant Immunology Laboratory, Royal Liverpool and Broadgreen University Hospital, University of Liverpool, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802729160","https://openalex.org/I146655781"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Infection and Global Health, University of Liverpool, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I146655781"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":11,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5018779412"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I146655781","https://openalex.org/I194672558"],"apc_list":{"value":3630,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3630},"apc_paid":{"value":2282,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":2461},"fwci":28.6805,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":755,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99819759,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"43","issue":"D1","first_page":"D784","last_page":"D788"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11020","display_name":"Immune Cell Function and Interaction","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2403","display_name":"Immunology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/24","display_name":"Immunology and Microbiology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11020","display_name":"Immune Cell Function and Interaction","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2403","display_name":"Immunology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/24","display_name":"Immunology and Microbiology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11117","display_name":"Drug-Induced Adverse Reactions","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2736","display_name":"Pharmacology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10031","display_name":"T-cell and B-cell Immunology","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2403","display_name":"Immunology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/24","display_name":"Immunology and Microbiology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biology","display_name":"Biology","score":0.8095565438270569},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human-leukocyte-antigen","display_name":"Human leukocyte antigen","score":0.8016870021820068},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/major-histocompatibility-complex","display_name":"Major histocompatibility complex","score":0.6347641944885254},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/allele","display_name":"Allele","score":0.5982815027236938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/allele-frequency","display_name":"Allele frequency","score":0.5960114002227783},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/haplotype","display_name":"Haplotype","score":0.5637359023094177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/population","display_name":"Population","score":0.5167864561080933},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/immunology","display_name":"Immunology","score":0.5142349600791931},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/histocompatibility","display_name":"Histocompatibility","score":0.5134971737861633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/genetics","display_name":"Genetics","score":0.47725579142570496},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hla-b-antigens","display_name":"HLA-B Antigens","score":0.4430675804615021},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/immunogenetics","display_name":"Immunogenetics","score":0.4264293611049652},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/disease","display_name":"Disease","score":0.41388726234436035},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gene","display_name":"Gene","score":0.3865716755390167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/antigen","display_name":"Antigen","score":0.20701664686203003},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.0775996744632721},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-health","display_name":"Environmental health","score":0.062390655279159546}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.8095565438270569},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188280979","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q911125","display_name":"Human leukocyte antigen","level":3,"score":0.8016870021820068},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207936829","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q423163","display_name":"Major histocompatibility complex","level":3,"score":0.6347641944885254},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180754005","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80726","display_name":"Allele","level":3,"score":0.5982815027236938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C37463918","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q387981","display_name":"Allele frequency","level":4,"score":0.5960114002227783},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197754878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80711","display_name":"Haplotype","level":4,"score":0.5637359023094177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.5167864561080933},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203014093","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101929","display_name":"Immunology","level":1,"score":0.5142349600791931},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202965653","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2664028","display_name":"Histocompatibility","level":4,"score":0.5134971737861633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54355233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162","display_name":"Genetics","level":1,"score":0.47725579142570496},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2910492473","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18026920","display_name":"HLA-B Antigens","level":4,"score":0.4430675804615021},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1547928","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1660177","display_name":"Immunogenetics","level":3,"score":0.4264293611049652},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779134260","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12136","display_name":"Disease","level":2,"score":0.41388726234436035},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.3865716755390167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147483822","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q103537","display_name":"Antigen","level":2,"score":0.20701664686203003},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.0775996744632721},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99454951","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q932068","display_name":"Environmental health","level":1,"score":0.062390655279159546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000939","descriptor_name":"Epitopes","qualifier_ui":"Q000235","qualifier_name":"genetics","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000939","descriptor_name":"Epitopes","qualifier_ui":"Q000235","qualifier_name":"genetics","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000939","descriptor_name":"Epitopes","qualifier_ui":"Q000235","qualifier_name":"genetics","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000939","descriptor_name":"Epitopes","qualifier_ui":"Q000235","qualifier_name":"genetics","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004194","descriptor_name":"Disease","qualifier_ui":"Q000235","qualifier_name":"genetics","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004194","descriptor_name":"Disease","qualifier_ui":"Q000235","qualifier_name":"genetics","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004194","descriptor_name":"Disease","qualifier_ui":"Q000235","qualifier_name":"genetics","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004194","descriptor_name":"Disease","qualifier_ui":"Q000235","qualifier_name":"genetics","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005787","descriptor_name":"Gene Frequency","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005787","descriptor_name":"Gene Frequency","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005787","descriptor_name":"Gene Frequency","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005787","descriptor_name":"Gene Frequency","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006680","descriptor_name":"HLA Antigens","qualifier_ui":"Q000235","qualifier_name":"genetics","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006680","descriptor_name":"HLA Antigens","qualifier_ui":"Q000235","qualifier_name":"genetics","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006680","descriptor_name":"HLA Antigens","qualifier_ui":"Q000235","qualifier_name":"genetics","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006680","descriptor_name":"HLA Antigens","qualifier_ui":"Q000235","qualifier_name":"genetics","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006680","descriptor_name":"HLA Antigens","qualifier_ui":"Q000276","qualifier_name":"immunology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006680","descriptor_name":"HLA Antigens","qualifier_ui":"Q000276","qualifier_name":"immunology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006680","descriptor_name":"HLA Antigens","qualifier_ui":"Q000276","qualifier_name":"immunology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006680","descriptor_name":"HLA Antigens","qualifier_ui":"Q000276","qualifier_name":"immunology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015395","descriptor_name":"Histocompatibility Antigens Class I","qualifier_ui":"Q000235","qualifier_name":"genetics","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015395","descriptor_name":"Histocompatibility Antigens Class I","qualifier_ui":"Q000235","qualifier_name":"genetics","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015395","descriptor_name":"Histocompatibility Antigens Class I","qualifier_ui":"Q000235","qualifier_name":"genetics","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015395","descriptor_name":"Histocompatibility Antigens Class I","qualifier_ui":"Q000235","qualifier_name":"genetics","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D020407","descriptor_name":"Internet","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D020407","descriptor_name":"Internet","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D020407","descriptor_name":"Internet","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D020407","descriptor_name":"Internet","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D030541","descriptor_name":"Databases, Genetic","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D030541","descriptor_name":"Databases, Genetic","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D030541","descriptor_name":"Databases, Genetic","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D030541","descriptor_name":"Databases, Genetic","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D054340","descriptor_name":"Receptors, KIR","qualifier_ui":"Q000235","qualifier_name":"genetics","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D054340","descriptor_name":"Receptors, KIR","qualifier_ui":"Q000235","qualifier_name":"genetics","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D054340","descriptor_name":"Receptors, KIR","qualifier_ui":"Q000235","qualifier_name":"genetics","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D054340","descriptor_name":"Receptors, KIR","qualifier_ui":"Q000235","qualifier_name":"genetics","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D064420","descriptor_name":"Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions","qualifier_ui":"Q000235","qualifier_name":"genetics","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D064420","descriptor_name":"Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions","qualifier_ui":"Q000235","qualifier_name":"genetics","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D064420","descriptor_name":"Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions","qualifier_ui":"Q000235","qualifier_name":"genetics","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D064420","descriptor_name":"Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions","qualifier_ui":"Q000235","qualifier_name":"genetics","is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1093/nar/gku1166","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/gku1166","pdf_url":"https://academic.oup.com/nar/article-pdf/43/D1/D784/7326804/gku1166.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S134668137","display_name":"Nucleic Acids Research","issn_l":"0305-1048","issn":["0305-1048","1362-4954","1362-4962"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Nucleic Acids Research","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:25414323","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25414323","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Nucleic acids research","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:europepmc.org:3354909","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/4383964","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1093/nar/gku1166","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/gku1166","pdf_url":"https://academic.oup.com/nar/article-pdf/43/D1/D784/7326804/gku1166.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S134668137","display_name":"Nucleic Acids Research","issn_l":"0305-1048","issn":["0305-1048","1362-4954","1362-4962"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Nucleic Acids Research","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.5699999928474426,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1158795700","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Mexico","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321739","funder_display_name":"Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnolog\u00eda"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G120275728","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Univer","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322025","funder_display_name":"Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient\u00edfico e Tecnol\u00f3gico"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3601516360","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Brazil","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322025","funder_display_name":"Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient\u00edfico e Tecnol\u00f3gico"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5519402097","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"student","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322025","funder_display_name":"Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient\u00edfico e Tecnol\u00f3gico"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7295187585","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Grant","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322025","funder_display_name":"Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient\u00edfico e Tecnol\u00f3gico"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321739","display_name":"Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnolog\u00eda","ror":"https://ror.org/059ex5q34"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322025","display_name":"Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient\u00edfico e Tecnol\u00f3gico","ror":"https://ror.org/03swz6y49"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320336557","display_name":"Ci\u00eancia sem Fronteiras","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2009483826.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2009483826.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":18,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W64278426","https://openalex.org/W1521050916","https://openalex.org/W1575514005","https://openalex.org/W1965479004","https://openalex.org/W2011450045","https://openalex.org/W2044645437","https://openalex.org/W2062754214","https://openalex.org/W2091364441","https://openalex.org/W2102161245","https://openalex.org/W2109086160","https://openalex.org/W2142215232","https://openalex.org/W2148568906","https://openalex.org/W2158804326","https://openalex.org/W2330826514","https://openalex.org/W2394521807","https://openalex.org/W4211174917","https://openalex.org/W4233546182","https://openalex.org/W6712198048"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2091950279","https://openalex.org/W4234767812","https://openalex.org/W2399680977","https://openalex.org/W966519310","https://openalex.org/W2488107689","https://openalex.org/W1993728705","https://openalex.org/W2195422342","https://openalex.org/W1807825466","https://openalex.org/W1966263719","https://openalex.org/W2403076471"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"It":[0],"has":[1],"been":[2,39,132,196],"12":[3],"years":[4],"since":[5],"the":[6,17,25,35,46,126,149,164],"Allele":[7],"Frequency":[8],"Net":[9],"Database":[10],"(AFND;":[11],"http://www.allelefrequencies.net)":[12],"was":[13],"first":[14,47],"launched,":[15],"providing":[16],"scientific":[18,58],"community":[19],"with":[20,156,172],"an":[21],"online":[22],"repository":[23],"for":[24,54,163],"storage":[26],"of":[27,43,75,106,129,151,166,187],"immune":[28],"gene":[29,108],"frequencies":[30,142],"in":[31,143,183],"different":[32],"populations":[33,114],"across":[34],"world.":[36],"There":[37],"have":[38,131,194],"a":[40,51,104,136,145,179],"significant":[41],"number":[42,105],"improvements":[44],"from":[45,115],"version,":[48],"making":[49],"AFND":[50,76,110,130,176],"primary":[52],"resource":[53],"many":[55,68],"clinical":[56],"and":[57,64,103,161,168],"areas":[59,186],"including":[60],"histocompatibility,":[61],"immunogenetics,":[62],"pharmacogenetics":[63],"anthropology":[65],"studies,":[66],"among":[67],"others.":[69],"The":[70],"most":[71],"widely":[72],"used":[73],"part":[74],"stores":[77],"population":[78],"frequency":[79],"data":[80,192],"(alleles,":[81],"genes":[82,101],"or":[83],"haplotypes)":[84],"related":[85],"to":[86,134,177],"human":[87],"leukocyte":[88],"antigens":[89],"(HLA),":[90],"killer-cell":[91],"immunoglobulin-like":[92],"receptors":[93],"(KIR),":[94],"major":[95],"histocompatibility":[96],"complex":[97],"class":[98],"I":[99],"chain-related":[100],"(MIC)":[102],"cytokine":[107],"polymorphisms.":[109],"now":[111],"contains":[112],">1400":[113],"more":[116],"than":[117],"10":[118],"million":[119],"healthy":[120],"individuals.":[121],"Here,":[122],"we":[123],"report":[124],"how":[125],"main":[127],"features":[128],"updated":[133],"include":[135],"new":[137,146,180],"section":[138,147],"on":[139,191],"'HLA":[140],"epitope'":[141],"populations,":[144],"capturing":[148],"results":[150],"studies":[152],"identifying":[153],"HLA":[154],"associations":[155],"adverse":[157],"drug":[158],"reactions":[159],"(ADRs)":[160],"one":[162],"examination":[165],"infectious":[167],"autoimmune":[169],"diseases":[170],"associated":[171],"KIR":[173],"polymorphisms-thus":[174],"extending":[175],"serve":[178],"user":[181],"base":[182],"these":[184],"growing":[185],"research.":[188],"New":[189],"criteria":[190],"quality":[193],"also":[195],"included.":[197]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":25},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":20},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":23},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":44},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":71},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":130},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":97},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":123},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":106},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":84},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":25},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-15T08:11:43.952461","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
