{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4233546182","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/gks949","title":"The IMGT/HLA database","display_name":"The IMGT/HLA database","publication_year":2012,"publication_date":"2012-10-17","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4233546182","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/gks949"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1093/nar/gks949","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/gks949","pdf_url":"https://academic.oup.com/nar/article-pdf/41/D1/D1222/3722039/gks949.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S134668137","display_name":"Nucleic Acids Research","issn_l":"0305-1048","issn":["0305-1048","1362-4954","1362-4962"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Nucleic Acids Research","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://academic.oup.com/nar/article-pdf/41/D1/D1222/3722039/gks949.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014218807","display_name":"James Robinson","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2187-5944"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","display_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/02catss52","country_code":"GB","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112","https://openalex.org/I4210138560"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2800598996","display_name":"Anthony Nolan","ror":"https://ror.org/043bfms20","country_code":"GB","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800598996"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2801138448","display_name":"The Royal Free Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/01ge67z96","country_code":"GB","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I169248724","https://openalex.org/I2801138448"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I45129253","display_name":"University College London","ror":"https://ror.org/02jx3x895","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I45129253"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87048295","display_name":"Wellcome Trust","ror":"https://ror.org/029chgv08","country_code":"GB","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I87048295"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I97018004","display_name":"Stanford University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f54p054","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}],"countries":["GB","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"James Robinson","raw_affiliation_strings":["HLA Informatics Group, Anthony Nolan Research Institute, Royal Free Hospital, Pond Street, Hampstead, London NW3 2QG, UK","HLA Informatics Group, Anthony Nolan Research Institute, Royal Free Hospital, Pond Street, Hampstead, London NW3 2QG, 2External Services, EMBL Outstation - European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SD, UK, 3Department of Structural Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Sherman Fairchild Research Building, Stanford, CA 94305-5136, USA and 4UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, Royal Free Campus, Pond Street, Hampstead, London NW3 2QG, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"HLA Informatics Group, Anthony Nolan Research Institute, Royal Free Hospital, Pond Street, Hampstead, London NW3 2QG, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800598996"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"HLA Informatics Group, Anthony Nolan Research Institute, Royal Free Hospital, Pond Street, Hampstead, London NW3 2QG, 2External Services, EMBL Outstation - European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SD, UK, 3Department of Structural Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Sherman Fairchild Research Building, Stanford, CA 94305-5136, USA and 4UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, Royal Free Campus, Pond Street, Hampstead, London NW3 2QG, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800598996","https://openalex.org/I2801138448","https://openalex.org/I97018004","https://openalex.org/I45129253","https://openalex.org/I1303153112","https://openalex.org/I87048295"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078085305","display_name":"Jason A. Halliwell","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1070-1866"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","display_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/02catss52","country_code":"GB","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112","https://openalex.org/I4210138560"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2800598996","display_name":"Anthony Nolan","ror":"https://ror.org/043bfms20","country_code":"GB","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800598996"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2801138448","display_name":"The Royal Free Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/01ge67z96","country_code":"GB","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I169248724","https://openalex.org/I2801138448"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I45129253","display_name":"University College London","ror":"https://ror.org/02jx3x895","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I45129253"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87048295","display_name":"Wellcome Trust","ror":"https://ror.org/029chgv08","country_code":"GB","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I87048295"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I97018004","display_name":"Stanford University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f54p054","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}],"countries":["GB","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jason A. Halliwell","raw_affiliation_strings":["HLA Informatics Group, Anthony Nolan Research Institute, Royal Free Hospital, Pond Street, Hampstead, London NW3 2QG, 2 External Services, EMBL Outstation - European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SD, UK, 3 Department of Structural Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Sherman Fairchild Research Building, Stanford, CA 94305-5136, USA and 4 UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, Royal Free Campus, Pond Street, Hampstead, London NW3 2QG, UK","HLA Informatics Group, Anthony Nolan Research Institute, Royal Free Hospital, Pond Street, Hampstead, London NW3 2QG, 2External Services, EMBL Outstation - European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SD, UK, 3Department of Structural Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Sherman Fairchild Research Building, Stanford, CA 94305-5136, USA and 4UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, Royal Free Campus, Pond Street, Hampstead, London NW3 2QG, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"HLA Informatics Group, Anthony Nolan Research Institute, Royal Free Hospital, Pond Street, Hampstead, London NW3 2QG, 2 External Services, EMBL Outstation - European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SD, UK, 3 Department of Structural Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Sherman Fairchild Research Building, Stanford, CA 94305-5136, USA and 4 UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, Royal Free Campus, Pond Street, Hampstead, London NW3 2QG, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800598996","https://openalex.org/I45129253"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"HLA Informatics Group, Anthony Nolan Research Institute, Royal Free Hospital, Pond Street, Hampstead, London NW3 2QG, 2External Services, EMBL Outstation - European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SD, UK, 3Department of Structural Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Sherman Fairchild Research Building, Stanford, CA 94305-5136, USA and 4UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, Royal Free Campus, Pond Street, Hampstead, London NW3 2QG, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800598996","https://openalex.org/I2801138448","https://openalex.org/I97018004","https://openalex.org/I45129253","https://openalex.org/I1303153112","https://openalex.org/I87048295"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084942657","display_name":"Hamish McWilliam","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1769-5032"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","display_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/02catss52","country_code":"GB","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112","https://openalex.org/I4210138560"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2800598996","display_name":"Anthony Nolan","ror":"https://ror.org/043bfms20","country_code":"GB","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800598996"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2801138448","display_name":"The Royal Free Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/01ge67z96","country_code":"GB","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I169248724","https://openalex.org/I2801138448"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I45129253","display_name":"University College London","ror":"https://ror.org/02jx3x895","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I45129253"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87048295","display_name":"Wellcome Trust","ror":"https://ror.org/029chgv08","country_code":"GB","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I87048295"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I97018004","display_name":"Stanford University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f54p054","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}],"countries":["GB","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hamish McWilliam","raw_affiliation_strings":["HLA Informatics Group, Anthony Nolan Research Institute, Royal Free Hospital, Pond Street, Hampstead, London NW3 2QG, 2 External Services, EMBL Outstation - European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SD, UK, 3 Department of Structural Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Sherman Fairchild Research Building, Stanford, CA 94305-5136, USA and 4 UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, Royal Free Campus, Pond Street, Hampstead, London NW3 2QG, UK","HLA Informatics Group, Anthony Nolan Research Institute, Royal Free Hospital, Pond Street, Hampstead, London NW3 2QG, 2External Services, EMBL Outstation - European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SD, UK, 3Department of Structural Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Sherman Fairchild Research Building, Stanford, CA 94305-5136, USA and 4UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, Royal Free Campus, Pond Street, Hampstead, London NW3 2QG, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"HLA Informatics Group, Anthony Nolan Research Institute, Royal Free Hospital, Pond Street, Hampstead, London NW3 2QG, 2 External Services, EMBL Outstation - European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SD, UK, 3 Department of Structural Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Sherman Fairchild Research Building, Stanford, CA 94305-5136, USA and 4 UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, Royal Free Campus, Pond Street, Hampstead, London NW3 2QG, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800598996","https://openalex.org/I45129253"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"HLA Informatics Group, Anthony Nolan Research Institute, Royal Free Hospital, Pond Street, Hampstead, London NW3 2QG, 2External Services, EMBL Outstation - European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SD, UK, 3Department of Structural Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Sherman Fairchild Research Building, Stanford, CA 94305-5136, USA and 4UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, Royal Free Campus, Pond Street, Hampstead, London NW3 2QG, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800598996","https://openalex.org/I2801138448","https://openalex.org/I97018004","https://openalex.org/I45129253","https://openalex.org/I1303153112","https://openalex.org/I87048295"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018972787","display_name":"Rodrigo L\u00f3pez","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1256-7306"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","display_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/02catss52","country_code":"GB","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112","https://openalex.org/I4210138560"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2800598996","display_name":"Anthony Nolan","ror":"https://ror.org/043bfms20","country_code":"GB","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800598996"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2801138448","display_name":"The Royal Free Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/01ge67z96","country_code":"GB","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I169248724","https://openalex.org/I2801138448"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I45129253","display_name":"University College London","ror":"https://ror.org/02jx3x895","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I45129253"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87048295","display_name":"Wellcome Trust","ror":"https://ror.org/029chgv08","country_code":"GB","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I87048295"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I97018004","display_name":"Stanford University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f54p054","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}],"countries":["GB","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rodrigo Lopez","raw_affiliation_strings":["HLA Informatics Group, Anthony Nolan Research Institute, Royal Free Hospital, Pond Street, Hampstead, London NW3 2QG, 2 External Services, EMBL Outstation - European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SD, UK, 3 Department of Structural Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Sherman Fairchild Research Building, Stanford, CA 94305-5136, USA and 4 UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, Royal Free Campus, Pond Street, Hampstead, London NW3 2QG, UK","HLA Informatics Group, Anthony Nolan Research Institute, Royal Free Hospital, Pond Street, Hampstead, London NW3 2QG, 2External Services, EMBL Outstation - European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SD, UK, 3Department of Structural Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Sherman Fairchild Research Building, Stanford, CA 94305-5136, USA and 4UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, Royal Free Campus, Pond Street, Hampstead, London NW3 2QG, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"HLA Informatics Group, Anthony Nolan Research Institute, Royal Free Hospital, Pond Street, Hampstead, London NW3 2QG, 2 External Services, EMBL Outstation - European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SD, UK, 3 Department of Structural Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Sherman Fairchild Research Building, Stanford, CA 94305-5136, USA and 4 UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, Royal Free Campus, Pond Street, Hampstead, London NW3 2QG, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800598996","https://openalex.org/I45129253"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"HLA Informatics Group, Anthony Nolan Research Institute, Royal Free Hospital, Pond Street, Hampstead, London NW3 2QG, 2External Services, EMBL Outstation - European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SD, UK, 3Department of Structural Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Sherman Fairchild Research Building, Stanford, CA 94305-5136, USA and 4UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, Royal Free Campus, Pond Street, Hampstead, London NW3 2QG, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800598996","https://openalex.org/I2801138448","https://openalex.org/I97018004","https://openalex.org/I45129253","https://openalex.org/I1303153112","https://openalex.org/I87048295"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065611635","display_name":"Peter Parham","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0530-5922"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","display_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/02catss52","country_code":"GB","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112","https://openalex.org/I4210138560"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2800598996","display_name":"Anthony Nolan","ror":"https://ror.org/043bfms20","country_code":"GB","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800598996"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2801138448","display_name":"The Royal Free Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/01ge67z96","country_code":"GB","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I169248724","https://openalex.org/I2801138448"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I45129253","display_name":"University College London","ror":"https://ror.org/02jx3x895","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I45129253"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87048295","display_name":"Wellcome Trust","ror":"https://ror.org/029chgv08","country_code":"GB","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I87048295"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I97018004","display_name":"Stanford University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f54p054","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}],"countries":["GB","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Peter Parham","raw_affiliation_strings":["HLA Informatics Group, Anthony Nolan Research Institute, Royal Free Hospital, Pond Street, Hampstead, London NW3 2QG, 2 External Services, EMBL Outstation - European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SD, UK, 3 Department of Structural Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Sherman Fairchild Research Building, Stanford, CA 94305-5136, USA and 4 UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, Royal Free Campus, Pond Street, Hampstead, London NW3 2QG, UK","HLA Informatics Group, Anthony Nolan Research Institute, Royal Free Hospital, Pond Street, Hampstead, London NW3 2QG, 2External Services, EMBL Outstation - European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SD, UK, 3Department of Structural Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Sherman Fairchild Research Building, Stanford, CA 94305-5136, USA and 4UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, Royal Free Campus, Pond Street, Hampstead, London NW3 2QG, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"HLA Informatics Group, Anthony Nolan Research Institute, Royal Free Hospital, Pond Street, Hampstead, London NW3 2QG, 2 External Services, EMBL Outstation - European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SD, UK, 3 Department of Structural Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Sherman Fairchild Research Building, Stanford, CA 94305-5136, USA and 4 UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, Royal Free Campus, Pond Street, Hampstead, London NW3 2QG, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800598996","https://openalex.org/I45129253"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"HLA Informatics Group, Anthony Nolan Research Institute, Royal Free Hospital, Pond Street, Hampstead, London NW3 2QG, 2External Services, EMBL Outstation - European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SD, UK, 3Department of Structural Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Sherman Fairchild Research Building, Stanford, CA 94305-5136, USA and 4UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, Royal Free Campus, Pond Street, Hampstead, London NW3 2QG, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800598996","https://openalex.org/I2801138448","https://openalex.org/I97018004","https://openalex.org/I45129253","https://openalex.org/I1303153112","https://openalex.org/I87048295"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019858492","display_name":"Steven G. E. Marsh","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2855-4120"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","display_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/02catss52","country_code":"GB","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112","https://openalex.org/I4210138560"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2800598996","display_name":"Anthony Nolan","ror":"https://ror.org/043bfms20","country_code":"GB","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800598996"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2801138448","display_name":"The Royal Free Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/01ge67z96","country_code":"GB","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I169248724","https://openalex.org/I2801138448"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I45129253","display_name":"University College London","ror":"https://ror.org/02jx3x895","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I45129253"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87048295","display_name":"Wellcome Trust","ror":"https://ror.org/029chgv08","country_code":"GB","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I87048295"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I97018004","display_name":"Stanford University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f54p054","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}],"countries":["GB","US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Steven G. E. Marsh","raw_affiliation_strings":["HLA Informatics Group, Anthony Nolan Research Institute, Royal Free Hospital, Pond Street, Hampstead, London NW3 2QG, 2 External Services, EMBL Outstation - European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SD, UK, 3 Department of Structural Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Sherman Fairchild Research Building, Stanford, CA 94305-5136, USA and 4 UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, Royal Free Campus, Pond Street, Hampstead, London NW3 2QG, UK","HLA Informatics Group, Anthony Nolan Research Institute, Royal Free Hospital, Pond Street, Hampstead, London NW3 2QG, 2External Services, EMBL Outstation - European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SD, UK, 3Department of Structural Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Sherman Fairchild Research Building, Stanford, CA 94305-5136, USA and 4UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, Royal Free Campus, Pond Street, Hampstead, London NW3 2QG, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"HLA Informatics Group, Anthony Nolan Research Institute, Royal Free Hospital, Pond Street, Hampstead, London NW3 2QG, 2 External Services, EMBL Outstation - European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SD, UK, 3 Department of Structural Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Sherman Fairchild Research Building, Stanford, CA 94305-5136, USA and 4 UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, Royal Free Campus, Pond Street, Hampstead, London NW3 2QG, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800598996","https://openalex.org/I45129253"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"HLA Informatics Group, Anthony Nolan Research Institute, Royal Free Hospital, Pond Street, Hampstead, London NW3 2QG, 2External Services, EMBL Outstation - European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SD, UK, 3Department of Structural Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Sherman Fairchild Research Building, Stanford, CA 94305-5136, USA and 4UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, Royal Free Campus, Pond Street, Hampstead, London NW3 2QG, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800598996","https://openalex.org/I2801138448","https://openalex.org/I97018004","https://openalex.org/I45129253","https://openalex.org/I1303153112","https://openalex.org/I87048295"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5019858492"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112","https://openalex.org/I2800598996","https://openalex.org/I2801138448","https://openalex.org/I45129253","https://openalex.org/I87048295","https://openalex.org/I97018004"],"apc_list":{"value":3630,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3630},"apc_paid":{"value":3630,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3630},"fwci":45.3039,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":557,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99959549,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"41","issue":"D1","first_page":"D1222","last_page":"D1227"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10031","display_name":"T-cell and B-cell Immunology","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2403","display_name":"Immunology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/24","display_name":"Immunology and Microbiology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10031","display_name":"T-cell and B-cell Immunology","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2403","display_name":"Immunology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/24","display_name":"Immunology and Microbiology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11020","display_name":"Immune Cell Function and Interaction","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2403","display_name":"Immunology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/24","display_name":"Immunology and Microbiology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10580","display_name":"Immunotherapy and Immune Responses","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2403","display_name":"Immunology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/24","display_name":"Immunology and Microbiology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biology","display_name":"Biology","score":0.8104476928710938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human-leukocyte-antigen","display_name":"Human leukocyte antigen","score":0.774256706237793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/genetics","display_name":"Genetics","score":0.4614710807800293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gene","display_name":"Gene","score":0.435324490070343},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/informatics","display_name":"Informatics","score":0.4330451190471649},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/encode","display_name":"ENCODE","score":0.42588433623313904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gene-nomenclature","display_name":"Gene nomenclature","score":0.42283743619918823},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computational-biology","display_name":"Computational biology","score":0.3354337513446808},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nomenclature","display_name":"Nomenclature","score":0.32447367906570435},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/taxonomy","display_name":"Taxonomy (biology)","score":0.12010067701339722}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.8104476928710938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188280979","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q911125","display_name":"Human leukocyte antigen","level":3,"score":0.774256706237793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54355233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162","display_name":"Genetics","level":1,"score":0.4614710807800293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.435324490070343},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191630685","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4027615","display_name":"Informatics","level":2,"score":0.4330451190471649},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66746571","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1134833","display_name":"ENCODE","level":3,"score":0.42588433623313904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62177273","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5531556","display_name":"Gene nomenclature","level":4,"score":0.42283743619918823},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70721500","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177005","display_name":"Computational biology","level":1,"score":0.3354337513446808},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C514705636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q863247","display_name":"Nomenclature","level":3,"score":0.32447367906570435},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58642233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8269924","display_name":"Taxonomy (biology)","level":2,"score":0.12010067701339722},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59822182","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q441","display_name":"Botany","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147483822","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q103537","display_name":"Antigen","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1093/nar/gks949","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/gks949","pdf_url":"https://academic.oup.com/nar/article-pdf/41/D1/D1222/3722039/gks949.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S134668137","display_name":"Nucleic Acids Research","issn_l":"0305-1048","issn":["0305-1048","1362-4954","1362-4962"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Nucleic Acids Research","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:europepmc.org:2536489","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://europepmc.org/articles/PMC3531221","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1093/nar/gks949","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/gks949","pdf_url":"https://academic.oup.com/nar/article-pdf/41/D1/D1222/3722039/gks949.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S134668137","display_name":"Nucleic Acids Research","issn_l":"0305-1048","issn":["0305-1048","1362-4954","1362-4962"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Nucleic Acids Research","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/17","score":0.5199999809265137,"display_name":"Partnerships for the goals"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306761","display_name":"Be The Match Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/016cke005"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320309335","display_name":"HistoGenetics","ror":"https://ror.org/059dt4t68"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320315793","display_name":"Anthony Nolan","ror":"https://ror.org/043bfms20"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320319985","display_name":"Cancer Research UK","ror":"https://ror.org/054225q67"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320333825","display_name":"Anthony Nolan Research Institute","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4233546182.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4233546182.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":43,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1970250964","https://openalex.org/W1978264680","https://openalex.org/W1985738984","https://openalex.org/W2005755289","https://openalex.org/W2012013895","https://openalex.org/W2015292449","https://openalex.org/W2018317556","https://openalex.org/W2029644009","https://openalex.org/W2044833878","https://openalex.org/W2055043387","https://openalex.org/W2061069485","https://openalex.org/W2076213621","https://openalex.org/W2076663302","https://openalex.org/W2094171583","https://openalex.org/W2109254529","https://openalex.org/W2112159710","https://openalex.org/W2114041730","https://openalex.org/W2119774431","https://openalex.org/W2120141270","https://openalex.org/W2136919267","https://openalex.org/W2156827437","https://openalex.org/W2158811848","https://openalex.org/W2159793238","https://openalex.org/W2162041149","https://openalex.org/W2162495518","https://openalex.org/W2169150541","https://openalex.org/W2170860782","https://openalex.org/W2297298993","https://openalex.org/W2415114815","https://openalex.org/W2486802347","https://openalex.org/W3023217688","https://openalex.org/W3025430607","https://openalex.org/W3083939651","https://openalex.org/W4210347168","https://openalex.org/W4210975199","https://openalex.org/W4211121166","https://openalex.org/W4211134997","https://openalex.org/W4231390238","https://openalex.org/W4233379990","https://openalex.org/W4233663157","https://openalex.org/W4239551491","https://openalex.org/W4241422942","https://openalex.org/W4322378205"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4376630906","https://openalex.org/W4291008795","https://openalex.org/W4225832891","https://openalex.org/W2079402402","https://openalex.org/W2152921313","https://openalex.org/W2340807833","https://openalex.org/W1602927283","https://openalex.org/W2045050359","https://openalex.org/W2113570728","https://openalex.org/W1532779133"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"It":[0],"is":[1,27,72],"14":[2],"years":[3],"since":[4],"the":[5,12,30,53,73,76,85,89,92,100,115,121,132,136,145,153],"IMGT/HLA":[6,154],"database":[7],"was":[8],"first":[9],"released,":[10],"providing":[11],"HLA":[13,22,25,64,86,93,133],"community":[14,134],"with":[15,99],"a":[16],"searchable":[17],"repository":[18],"of":[19,33,43,52,62,75,84,91],"highly":[20,58],"curated":[21],"sequences.":[23],"The":[24,60],"complex":[26],"located":[28],"within":[29],"6p21.3":[31],"region":[32],"human":[34],"chromosome":[35],"6":[36],"and":[37,66,68,96,126,135,139,148],"contains":[38],"more":[39],"than":[40],"220":[41],"genes":[42,49,65],"diverse":[44],"function.":[45],"Of":[46],"these,":[47],"21":[48],"encode":[50],"proteins":[51],"immune":[54],"system":[55],"that":[56,124],"are":[57,105,129],"polymorphic.":[59],"naming":[61],"these":[63,112],"alleles":[67],"their":[69],"quality":[70],"control":[71],"responsibility":[74],"World":[77],"Health":[78],"Organization":[79],"Nomenclature":[80],"Committee":[81],"for":[82],"Factors":[83],"System.":[87],"Through":[88],"work":[90],"Informatics":[94],"Group":[95],"in":[97],"collaboration":[98],"European":[101],"Bioinformatics":[102],"Institute,":[103],"we":[104],"able":[106],"to":[107,111,120,131,152],"provide":[108],"public":[109],"access":[110],"data":[113],"through":[114],"website":[116,122],"http://www.ebi.ac.uk/imgt/hla/.":[117],"Regular":[118],"updates":[119,147],"ensure":[123],"new":[125],"confirmatory":[127],"sequences":[128],"dispersed":[130],"wider":[137],"research":[138],"clinical":[140],"communities.":[141],"This":[142],"article":[143],"describes":[144],"latest":[146],"additional":[149],"tools":[150],"added":[151],"project.":[155]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":40},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":31},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":40},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":39},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":107},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":154},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":95}],"updated_date":"2026-07-02T09:51:11.867554","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}