{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2135107356","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/gks550","title":"BiForce Toolbox: powerful high-throughput computational analysis of gene-gene interactions in genome-wide association studies","display_name":"BiForce Toolbox: powerful high-throughput computational analysis of gene-gene interactions in genome-wide association studies","publication_year":2012,"publication_date":"2012-06-11","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2135107356","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/gks550","mag":"2135107356","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22689639"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1093/nar/gks550","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/gks550","pdf_url":"https://academic.oup.com/nar/article-pdf/40/W1/W628/4932376/gks550.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S134668137","display_name":"Nucleic Acids Research","issn_l":"0305-1048","issn":["0305-1048","1362-4954","1362-4962"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Nucleic Acids Research","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://academic.oup.com/nar/article-pdf/40/W1/W628/4932376/gks550.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009331189","display_name":"Attila Gyenesei","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2925-9342"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"A. Gyenesei","raw_affiliation_strings":["Finnish Microarray and Sequencing Centre, Turku Centre for Biotechnology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Finnish Microarray and Sequencing Centre, Turku Centre for Biotechnology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037016745","display_name":"Jonathan Moody","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9261-711X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210140120","display_name":"Turku Centre for Biotechnology","ror":"https://ror.org/0421ba211","country_code":"FI","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210140120"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98677209","display_name":"University of Edinburgh","ror":"https://ror.org/01nrxwf90","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98677209"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210158898","display_name":"MRC Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine","ror":"https://ror.org/05hygey35","country_code":"GB","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210087105","https://openalex.org/I4210158898","https://openalex.org/I90344618","https://openalex.org/I98677209"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I155660961","display_name":"University of Turku","ror":"https://ror.org/05vghhr25","country_code":"FI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I155660961"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2800150677","display_name":"Western General Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/009kr6r15","country_code":"GB","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1324252669","https://openalex.org/I2800150677"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130217899","display_name":"\u00c5bo Akademi University","ror":"https://ror.org/029pk6x14","country_code":"FI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130217899"]}],"countries":["FI","GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"J. Moody","raw_affiliation_strings":["Finnish Microarray and Sequencing Centre, Turku Centre for Biotechnology, University of Turku and \u00c5bo Akademi University, 20520, Turku, Finland and 2MRC Human Genetics Unit, MRC Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine at the University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, UK","University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Finnish Microarray and Sequencing Centre, Turku Centre for Biotechnology, University of Turku and \u00c5bo Akademi University, 20520, Turku, Finland and 2MRC Human Genetics Unit, MRC Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine at the University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210158898","https://openalex.org/I2800150677","https://openalex.org/I155660961","https://openalex.org/I130217899","https://openalex.org/I4210140120","https://openalex.org/I98677209"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98677209"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024804309","display_name":"Asta Laiho","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6217-6659"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130217899","display_name":"\u00c5bo Akademi University","ror":"https://ror.org/029pk6x14","country_code":"FI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130217899"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2800150677","display_name":"Western General Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/009kr6r15","country_code":"GB","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1324252669","https://openalex.org/I2800150677"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210158898","display_name":"MRC Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine","ror":"https://ror.org/05hygey35","country_code":"GB","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210087105","https://openalex.org/I4210158898","https://openalex.org/I90344618","https://openalex.org/I98677209"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I155660961","display_name":"University of Turku","ror":"https://ror.org/05vghhr25","country_code":"FI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I155660961"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98677209","display_name":"University of Edinburgh","ror":"https://ror.org/01nrxwf90","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98677209"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210140120","display_name":"Turku Centre for Biotechnology","ror":"https://ror.org/0421ba211","country_code":"FI","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210140120"]}],"countries":["FI","GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"A. Laiho","raw_affiliation_strings":["Finnish Microarray and Sequencing Centre, Turku Centre for Biotechnology, University of Turku and \u00c5bo Akademi University, 20520, Turku, Finland and 2MRC Human Genetics Unit, MRC Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine at the University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, UK","University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Finnish Microarray and Sequencing Centre, Turku Centre for Biotechnology, University of Turku and \u00c5bo Akademi University, 20520, Turku, Finland and 2MRC Human Genetics Unit, MRC Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine at the University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210158898","https://openalex.org/I2800150677","https://openalex.org/I155660961","https://openalex.org/I130217899","https://openalex.org/I4210140120","https://openalex.org/I98677209"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98677209"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034298865","display_name":"Colin A. Semple","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1765-4118"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2800150677","display_name":"Western General Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/009kr6r15","country_code":"GB","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1324252669","https://openalex.org/I2800150677"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210158898","display_name":"MRC Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine","ror":"https://ror.org/05hygey35","country_code":"GB","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210087105","https://openalex.org/I4210158898","https://openalex.org/I90344618","https://openalex.org/I98677209"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98677209","display_name":"University of Edinburgh","ror":"https://ror.org/01nrxwf90","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98677209"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130217899","display_name":"\u00c5bo Akademi University","ror":"https://ror.org/029pk6x14","country_code":"FI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130217899"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210140120","display_name":"Turku Centre for Biotechnology","ror":"https://ror.org/0421ba211","country_code":"FI","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210140120"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I155660961","display_name":"University of Turku","ror":"https://ror.org/05vghhr25","country_code":"FI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I155660961"]}],"countries":["FI","GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"C. A. M. Semple","raw_affiliation_strings":["Finnish Microarray and Sequencing Centre, Turku Centre for Biotechnology, University of Turku and \u00c5bo Akademi University, 20520, Turku, Finland and 2MRC Human Genetics Unit, MRC Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine at the University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, UK","University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Finnish Microarray and Sequencing Centre, Turku Centre for Biotechnology, University of Turku and \u00c5bo Akademi University, 20520, Turku, Finland and 2MRC Human Genetics Unit, MRC Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine at the University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210158898","https://openalex.org/I2800150677","https://openalex.org/I155660961","https://openalex.org/I130217899","https://openalex.org/I4210140120","https://openalex.org/I98677209"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98677209"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006934895","display_name":"Chris Haley","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9811-0210"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98677209","display_name":"University of Edinburgh","ror":"https://ror.org/01nrxwf90","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98677209"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130217899","display_name":"\u00c5bo Akademi University","ror":"https://ror.org/029pk6x14","country_code":"FI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130217899"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I155660961","display_name":"University of Turku","ror":"https://ror.org/05vghhr25","country_code":"FI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I155660961"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210140120","display_name":"Turku Centre for Biotechnology","ror":"https://ror.org/0421ba211","country_code":"FI","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210140120"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2800150677","display_name":"Western General Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/009kr6r15","country_code":"GB","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1324252669","https://openalex.org/I2800150677"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210158898","display_name":"MRC Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine","ror":"https://ror.org/05hygey35","country_code":"GB","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210087105","https://openalex.org/I4210158898","https://openalex.org/I90344618","https://openalex.org/I98677209"]}],"countries":["FI","GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"C. S. Haley","raw_affiliation_strings":["Finnish Microarray and Sequencing Centre, Turku Centre for Biotechnology, University of Turku and \u00c5bo Akademi University, 20520, Turku, Finland and 2MRC Human Genetics Unit, MRC Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine at the University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, UK","University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Finnish Microarray and Sequencing Centre, Turku Centre for Biotechnology, University of Turku and \u00c5bo Akademi University, 20520, Turku, Finland and 2MRC Human Genetics Unit, MRC Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine at the University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210158898","https://openalex.org/I2800150677","https://openalex.org/I155660961","https://openalex.org/I130217899","https://openalex.org/I4210140120","https://openalex.org/I98677209"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98677209"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063421772","display_name":"Wenhua Wei","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5774-5941"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I155660961","display_name":"University of Turku","ror":"https://ror.org/05vghhr25","country_code":"FI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I155660961"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130217899","display_name":"\u00c5bo Akademi University","ror":"https://ror.org/029pk6x14","country_code":"FI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130217899"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210158898","display_name":"MRC Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine","ror":"https://ror.org/05hygey35","country_code":"GB","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210087105","https://openalex.org/I4210158898","https://openalex.org/I90344618","https://openalex.org/I98677209"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210140120","display_name":"Turku Centre for Biotechnology","ror":"https://ror.org/0421ba211","country_code":"FI","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210140120"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2800150677","display_name":"Western General Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/009kr6r15","country_code":"GB","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1324252669","https://openalex.org/I2800150677"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98677209","display_name":"University of Edinburgh","ror":"https://ror.org/01nrxwf90","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98677209"]}],"countries":["FI","GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"W.-H. Wei","raw_affiliation_strings":["Finnish Microarray and Sequencing Centre, Turku Centre for Biotechnology, University of Turku and \u00c5bo Akademi University, 20520, Turku, Finland and 2MRC Human Genetics Unit, MRC Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine at the University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, UK","University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Finnish Microarray and Sequencing Centre, Turku Centre for Biotechnology, University of Turku and \u00c5bo Akademi University, 20520, Turku, Finland and 2MRC Human Genetics Unit, MRC Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine at the University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210158898","https://openalex.org/I2800150677","https://openalex.org/I155660961","https://openalex.org/I130217899","https://openalex.org/I4210140120","https://openalex.org/I98677209"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98677209"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5009331189"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":3630,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3630},"apc_paid":{"value":3630,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3630},"fwci":2.2774,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":27,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.88714948,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"40","issue":"W1","first_page":"W628","last_page":"W632"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10261","display_name":"Genetic Associations and Epidemiology","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1311","display_name":"Genetics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10261","display_name":"Genetic Associations and Epidemiology","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1311","display_name":"Genetics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11468","display_name":"Genetic Mapping and Diversity in Plants and Animals","score":0.9883999824523926,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1311","display_name":"Genetics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10887","display_name":"Bioinformatics and Genomic Networks","score":0.987500011920929,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/genome-wide-association-study","display_name":"Genome-wide association study","score":0.8155490159988403},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/epistasis","display_name":"Epistasis","score":0.8120924234390259},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pairwise-comparison","display_name":"Pairwise comparison","score":0.5994102358818054},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biology","display_name":"Biology","score":0.5850476622581482},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computational-biology","display_name":"Computational biology","score":0.5436877012252808},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gene-interaction","display_name":"Gene interaction","score":0.5306633710861206},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/toolbox","display_name":"Toolbox","score":0.5166888236999512},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5074419379234314},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/genetic-association","display_name":"Genetic association","score":0.4838499128818512},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantitative-trait-locus","display_name":"Quantitative trait locus","score":0.429523766040802},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/genetics","display_name":"Genetics","score":0.35563284158706665},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/single-nucleotide-polymorphism","display_name":"Single-nucleotide polymorphism","score":0.282639741897583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gene","display_name":"Gene","score":0.21602588891983032},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.1901124119758606}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106208931","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1098876","display_name":"Genome-wide association study","level":5,"score":0.8155490159988403},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C61727976","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q751748","display_name":"Epistasis","level":3,"score":0.8120924234390259},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184898388","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1435712","display_name":"Pairwise comparison","level":2,"score":0.5994102358818054},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.5850476622581482},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70721500","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177005","display_name":"Computational biology","level":1,"score":0.5436877012252808},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2991772755","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q751748","display_name":"Gene interaction","level":3,"score":0.5306633710861206},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777655017","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1501161","display_name":"Toolbox","level":2,"score":0.5166888236999512},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5074419379234314},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186413461","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q744727","display_name":"Genetic association","level":5,"score":0.4838499128818512},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81941488","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q853421","display_name":"Quantitative trait locus","level":3,"score":0.429523766040802},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54355233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162","display_name":"Genetics","level":1,"score":0.35563284158706665},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153209595","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q501128","display_name":"Single-nucleotide polymorphism","level":4,"score":0.282639741897583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.21602588891983032},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.1901124119758606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C135763542","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q106016","display_name":"Genotype","level":3,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D004843","descriptor_name":"Epistasis, Genetic","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D004843","descriptor_name":"Epistasis, Genetic","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D004843","descriptor_name":"Epistasis, Genetic","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D004843","descriptor_name":"Epistasis, Genetic","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012984","descriptor_name":"Software","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012984","descriptor_name":"Software","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012984","descriptor_name":"Software","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012984","descriptor_name":"Software","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D020407","descriptor_name":"Internet","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D020407","descriptor_name":"Internet","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D020407","descriptor_name":"Internet","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D020407","descriptor_name":"Internet","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D020641","descriptor_name":"Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D020641","descriptor_name":"Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D020641","descriptor_name":"Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D020641","descriptor_name":"Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D023281","descriptor_name":"Genomics","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D023281","descriptor_name":"Genomics","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D023281","descriptor_name":"Genomics","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D023281","descriptor_name":"Genomics","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D055106","descriptor_name":"Genome-Wide Association Study","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D055106","descriptor_name":"Genome-Wide Association Study","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D055106","descriptor_name":"Genome-Wide Association Study","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D055106","descriptor_name":"Genome-Wide Association Study","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":8,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1093/nar/gks550","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/gks550","pdf_url":"https://academic.oup.com/nar/article-pdf/40/W1/W628/4932376/gks550.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S134668137","display_name":"Nucleic Acids Research","issn_l":"0305-1048","issn":["0305-1048","1362-4954","1362-4962"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Nucleic Acids Research","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:22689639","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22689639","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Nucleic acids research","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:pure.atira.dk:openaire_cris_publications/355ad918-62e2-47ad-ad56-b45fe531b416","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://research.manchester.ac.uk/en/publications/355ad918-62e2-47ad-ad56-b45fe531b416","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400662","display_name":"Research Explorer (The University of Manchester)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I28407311","host_organization_name":"University of Manchester","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I28407311"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Gyenesei, A, Moody, J, Laiho, A, Semple, C A M, Haley, C S & Wei, W H 2012, 'BiForce Toolbox: Powerful high-throughput computational analysis of gene-gene interactions in genome-wide association studies', Nucleic acids research., vol. 40, no. 1, pp. W628-W632. https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/gks550","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pure.ed.ac.uk:openaire/4e48a1c5-f78b-4a21-b1dd-f65c8ff22d66","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.research.ed.ac.uk/en/publications/4e48a1c5-f78b-4a21-b1dd-f65c8ff22d66","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4406922455","display_name":"Edinburgh Research Explorer","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Gyenesei, A, Moody, J, Laiho, A, Semple, C A M, Haley, C S & Wei, W 2012, 'BiForce Toolbox: powerful high-throughput computational analysis of gene-gene interactions in genome-wide association studies', Nucleic Acids Research, vol. 40, no. W1, pp. W628-W632. https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/gks550","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion"},{"id":"pmh:oai:europepmc.org:2409756","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/3394281","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:open-archive.highwire.org:nar:40/W1/W628","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://nar.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/short/40/W1/W628","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4406923041","display_name":"HighWire Press Open Archive","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"TEXT"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pure.atira.dk:publications/355ad918-62e2-47ad-ad56-b45fe531b416","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/publications/biforce-toolbox-powerful-highthroughput-computational-analysis-of-genegene-interactions-in-genomewide-association-studies(355ad918-62e2-47ad-ad56-b45fe531b416).html","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400662","display_name":"Research Explorer (The University of Manchester)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I28407311","host_organization_name":"University of Manchester","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I28407311"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Gyenesei, A, Moody, J, Laiho, A, Semple, C A M, Haley, C S & Wei, W H 2012, 'BiForce Toolbox: Powerful high-throughput computational analysis of gene-gene interactions in genome-wide association studies', Nucleic acids research., vol. 40, no. 1, pp. W628-W632. https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/gks550","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pure.ed.ac.uk:publications/4e48a1c5-f78b-4a21-b1dd-f65c8ff22d66","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11820/4e48a1c5-f78b-4a21-b1dd-f65c8ff22d66","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4406922455","display_name":"Edinburgh Research Explorer","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":""}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1093/nar/gks550","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/gks550","pdf_url":"https://academic.oup.com/nar/article-pdf/40/W1/W628/4932376/gks550.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S134668137","display_name":"Nucleic Acids Research","issn_l":"0305-1048","issn":["0305-1048","1362-4954","1362-4962"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Nucleic Acids Research","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1990576317","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"BBSRC","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334626","funder_display_name":"Medical Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5546465072","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"BB/H024484/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334629","funder_display_name":"Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7138234683","display_name":"Epicluster: A novel tool for high throughput detection of epistasis in studies of the genetics of complex traits","funder_award_id":"BB/H024484/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334629","funder_display_name":"Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8270351391","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"BBS/E/D/20211551","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334629","funder_display_name":"Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8469195782","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"BB/H024484/2","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334629","funder_display_name":"Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332167","display_name":"Directorate for Biological Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/001xhss06"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334626","display_name":"Medical Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/03x94j517"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334629","display_name":"Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/00cwqg982"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337338","display_name":"National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/012pb6c26"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2135107356.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2135107356.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":22,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1822695366","https://openalex.org/W1986235130","https://openalex.org/W1987620105","https://openalex.org/W2019559291","https://openalex.org/W2046434400","https://openalex.org/W2063575312","https://openalex.org/W2071759640","https://openalex.org/W2082719687","https://openalex.org/W2105842551","https://openalex.org/W2108065192","https://openalex.org/W2110808585","https://openalex.org/W2117138514","https://openalex.org/W2133525693","https://openalex.org/W2143499400","https://openalex.org/W2146978175","https://openalex.org/W2155078868","https://openalex.org/W2156459362","https://openalex.org/W2156995578","https://openalex.org/W2161633633","https://openalex.org/W2162299698","https://openalex.org/W2167638767","https://openalex.org/W2213354628"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2059826087","https://openalex.org/W2008861886","https://openalex.org/W2062888928","https://openalex.org/W1999816693","https://openalex.org/W2127325185","https://openalex.org/W2140249224","https://openalex.org/W2106727076","https://openalex.org/W4210605760","https://openalex.org/W2031302781","https://openalex.org/W2134946690"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Genome-wide":[0],"association":[1],"studies":[2,184],"(GWAS)":[3],"have":[4,18,54,91],"discovered":[5],"many":[6],"loci":[7],"associated":[8],"with":[9,65,130,160],"common":[10],"disease":[11,74,111],"and":[12,76,110,133,178,196],"quantitative":[13,109],"traits.":[14],"However,":[15],"most":[16,70,85],"GWAS":[17,40,107,189],"not":[19],"studied":[20],"the":[21,42,84,93,98,147,166],"gene-gene":[22],"interactions":[23,157],"(epistasis)":[24],"that":[25,126],"could":[26],"be":[27],"important":[28],"in":[29,36,39,106,182,187],"complex":[30],"trait":[31],"genetics.":[32],"A":[33],"major":[34],"challenge":[35],"analysing":[37,47],"epistasis":[38,105,186],"is":[41,121,174],"enormous":[43],"computational":[44],"demands":[45],"of":[46,49,103,108,156,168,170,185],"billions":[48],"SNP":[50],"combinations.":[51],"Several":[52],"methods":[53],"been":[55,180],"developed":[56,92],"recently":[57],"to":[58,72,80,96,176],"address":[59,97],"this,":[60],"some":[61],"using":[62],"computers":[63],"equipped":[64],"particular":[66],"graphical":[67,143],"processing":[68],"units,":[69],"restricted":[71],"binary":[73],"traits":[75,112],"all":[77,114],"poorly":[78],"suited":[79],"general":[81],"usage":[82],"on":[83],"widely":[86],"used":[87,116],"operating":[88],"systems.":[89,118],"We":[90],"BiForce":[94,119,151,172],"Toolbox":[95,120,152,173],"demand":[99],"for":[100],"high-throughput":[101],"analysis":[102],"pairwise":[104,138],"across":[113],"commonly":[115],"computer":[117],"a":[122,142],"stand-alone":[123],"Java":[124],"program":[125],"integrates":[127],"bitwise":[128],"computing":[129],"multithreaded":[131],"parallelization":[132],"thus":[134],"allows":[135],"rapid":[136],"full":[137],"genome":[139],"scans":[140],"via":[141],"user":[144],"interface":[145],"or":[146],"command":[148],"line.":[149],"Furthermore,":[150],"incorporates":[153],"additional":[154],"tests":[155],"involving":[158],"SNPs":[159],"significant":[161],"marginal":[162],"effects,":[163],"potentially":[164],"increasing":[165],"power":[167],"detection":[169],"epistasis.":[171],"easy":[175],"use":[177],"has":[179],"applied":[181],"multiple":[183],"large":[188],"data":[190],"sets,":[191],"identifying":[192],"interesting":[193],"interaction":[194],"signals":[195],"pathways.":[197]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-10T15:06:20.359241","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
