{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2144000913","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/gkh081","title":"BRENDA, the enzyme database: updates and major new developments","display_name":"BRENDA, the enzyme database: updates and major new developments","publication_year":2003,"publication_date":"2003-12-17","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2144000913","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/gkh081","mag":"2144000913","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14681450"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1093/nar/gkh081","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/gkh081","pdf_url":"https://academic.oup.com/nar/article-pdf/32/suppl_1/D431/7621720/gkh081.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S134668137","display_name":"Nucleic Acids Research","issn_l":"0305-1048","issn":["0305-1048","1362-4954","1362-4962"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Nucleic Acids Research","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://academic.oup.com/nar/article-pdf/32/suppl_1/D431/7621720/gkh081.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110837445","display_name":"Ida Schomburg","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I180923762","display_name":"University of Cologne","ror":"https://ror.org/00rcxh774","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I180923762"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"I. Schomburg","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Cologne, Institute of Biochemistry, Z\u00fclpicher Strasse 47, 50674 K\u00f6ln, Germany","University of Cologne, Institute of Biochemistry, Z\u00fclpicher Strasse 47, 50674\u00a0K\u00f6ln, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Cologne, Institute of Biochemistry, Z\u00fclpicher Strasse 47, 50674 K\u00f6ln, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I180923762"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Cologne, Institute of Biochemistry, Z\u00fclpicher Strasse 47, 50674\u00a0K\u00f6ln, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I180923762"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5110837445"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I180923762"],"apc_list":{"value":3630,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3630},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":21.2893,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":963,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99771095,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"32","issue":"90001","first_page":"431D","last_page":"433"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11162","display_name":"Enzyme Structure and Function","score":0.9983000159263611,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2505","display_name":"Materials Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11162","display_name":"Enzyme Structure and Function","score":0.9983000159263611,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2505","display_name":"Materials Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10932","display_name":"Microbial Metabolic Engineering and Bioproduction","score":0.9976000189781189,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11617","display_name":"Enzyme Production and Characterization","score":0.995199978351593,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1305","display_name":"Biotechnology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-retrieval","display_name":"Information retrieval","score":0.6353189945220947},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ontology","display_name":"Ontology","score":0.5527181625366211},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5251500606536865},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vocabulary","display_name":"Vocabulary","score":0.4691777527332306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/database","display_name":"Database","score":0.44240570068359375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biology","display_name":"Biology","score":0.4404636323451996},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computational-biology","display_name":"Computational biology","score":0.33698660135269165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bioinformatics","display_name":"Bioinformatics","score":0.3329131305217743}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23123220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q816826","display_name":"Information retrieval","level":1,"score":0.6353189945220947},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C25810664","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44325","display_name":"Ontology","level":2,"score":0.5527181625366211},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5251500606536865},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777601683","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6499736","display_name":"Vocabulary","level":2,"score":0.4691777527332306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77088390","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8513","display_name":"Database","level":1,"score":0.44240570068359375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.4404636323451996},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70721500","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177005","display_name":"Computational biology","level":1,"score":0.33698660135269165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60644358","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q128570","display_name":"Bioinformatics","level":1,"score":0.3329131305217743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000818","descriptor_name":"Animals","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000818","descriptor_name":"Animals","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000818","descriptor_name":"Animals","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004798","descriptor_name":"Enzymes","qualifier_ui":"Q000145","qualifier_name":"classification","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004798","descriptor_name":"Enzymes","qualifier_ui":"Q000145","qualifier_name":"classification","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004798","descriptor_name":"Enzymes","qualifier_ui":"Q000145","qualifier_name":"classification","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004798","descriptor_name":"Enzymes","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004798","descriptor_name":"Enzymes","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004798","descriptor_name":"Enzymes","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004798","descriptor_name":"Enzymes","qualifier_ui":"Q000737","qualifier_name":"chemistry","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004798","descriptor_name":"Enzymes","qualifier_ui":"Q000737","qualifier_name":"chemistry","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004798","descriptor_name":"Enzymes","qualifier_ui":"Q000737","qualifier_name":"chemistry","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008024","descriptor_name":"Ligands","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008024","descriptor_name":"Ligands","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008024","descriptor_name":"Ligands","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009626","descriptor_name":"Terminology as Topic","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009626","descriptor_name":"Terminology as Topic","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009626","descriptor_name":"Terminology as Topic","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009928","descriptor_name":"Organ Specificity","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009928","descriptor_name":"Organ Specificity","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009928","descriptor_name":"Organ Specificity","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011487","descriptor_name":"Protein Conformation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011487","descriptor_name":"Protein Conformation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011487","descriptor_name":"Protein Conformation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013379","descriptor_name":"Substrate Specificity","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013379","descriptor_name":"Substrate Specificity","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013379","descriptor_name":"Substrate Specificity","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016247","descriptor_name":"Information Storage and Retrieval","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016247","descriptor_name":"Information Storage and Retrieval","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016247","descriptor_name":"Information Storage and Retrieval","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D020407","descriptor_name":"Internet","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D020407","descriptor_name":"Internet","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D020407","descriptor_name":"Internet","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D021381","descriptor_name":"Protein Transport","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D021381","descriptor_name":"Protein Transport","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D021381","descriptor_name":"Protein Transport","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D030562","descriptor_name":"Databases, Protein","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D030562","descriptor_name":"Databases, Protein","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D030562","descriptor_name":"Databases, Protein","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1093/nar/gkh081","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/gkh081","pdf_url":"https://academic.oup.com/nar/article-pdf/32/suppl_1/D431/7621720/gkh081.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S134668137","display_name":"Nucleic Acids Research","issn_l":"0305-1048","issn":["0305-1048","1362-4954","1362-4962"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Nucleic Acids Research","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:14681450","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14681450","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Nucleic acids research","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:europepmc.org:161248","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://europepmc.org/pmc/articles/PMC308815","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:308815","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/308815","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Nucleic Acids Res","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1093/nar/gkh081","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/gkh081","pdf_url":"https://academic.oup.com/nar/article-pdf/32/suppl_1/D431/7621720/gkh081.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S134668137","display_name":"Nucleic Acids Research","issn_l":"0305-1048","issn":["0305-1048","1362-4954","1362-4962"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Nucleic Acids Research","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.5699999928474426,"display_name":"Quality Education","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2144000913.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2144000913.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":15,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W130193107","https://openalex.org/W651311673","https://openalex.org/W1604281503","https://openalex.org/W1975147762","https://openalex.org/W2038702914","https://openalex.org/W2096525273","https://openalex.org/W2103017472","https://openalex.org/W2130479394","https://openalex.org/W2148797284","https://openalex.org/W2148853951","https://openalex.org/W2159628188","https://openalex.org/W2920200623","https://openalex.org/W4230903726","https://openalex.org/W4241827326","https://openalex.org/W4252712038"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2003333417","https://openalex.org/W2349784553","https://openalex.org/W3022596247","https://openalex.org/W2601444686","https://openalex.org/W2378862226","https://openalex.org/W1979153711","https://openalex.org/W4292238148","https://openalex.org/W2355326633","https://openalex.org/W1983454176","https://openalex.org/W2137671468"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"BRENDA":[0,37,94],"(BRaunschweig":[1],"ENzyme":[2],"DAtabase)":[3],"represents":[4],"a":[5,100,124,128,131,151],"comprehensive":[6],"collection":[7],"of":[8,108,119,123,141,161],"enzyme":[9,53],"and":[10,40,45,48,60,63,70,150],"metabolic":[11],"information,":[12],"based":[13],"on":[14,43],"primary":[15],"literature.":[16],"The":[17,66,156],"database":[18,157],"contains":[19],"data":[20,67,110],"from":[21,27,72],"at":[22,167],"least":[23],"83,000":[24],"different":[25,29],"enzymes":[26],"9800":[28],"organisms,":[30],"classified":[31],"in":[32,88,103,112,115],"approximately":[33,73],"4200":[34],"EC":[35],"numbers.":[36],"includes":[38],"biochemical":[39],"molecular":[41],"information":[42,148],"classification":[44],"nomenclature,":[46],"reaction":[47],"specificity,":[49],"functional":[50],"parameters,":[51],"occurrence,":[52],"structure,":[54,138],"application,":[55],"engineering,":[56],"stability,":[57],"disease,":[58],"isolation":[59],"preparation,":[61],"links":[62],"literature":[64],"references.":[65],"are":[68,77],"extracted":[69],"evaluated":[71],"46,000":[74],"references,":[75],"which":[76],"linked":[78],"to":[79,163],"PubMed":[80],"as":[81,83],"long":[82],"the":[84,91,116,121,139,164],"reference":[85],"is":[86,158],"cited":[87],"PubMed.":[89],"In":[90],"past":[92],"year":[93],"has":[95],"undergone":[96],"major":[97],"changes":[98],"including":[99],"large":[101],"increase":[102],"updating":[104],"speed":[105],"with":[106],">50%":[107],"all":[109],"updated":[111],"2002":[113],"or":[114],"first":[117],"half":[118],"2003,":[120],"development":[122,140],"new":[125],"EC-tree":[126],"browser,":[127,130],"taxonomy-tree":[129],"chemical":[132],"substructure":[133],"search":[134],"engine":[135],"for":[136,146,153],"ligand":[137,154],"controlled":[142],"vocabulary,":[143],"an":[144],"ontology":[145],"some":[147],"fields":[149],"thesaurus":[152],"names.":[155],"accessible":[159],"free":[160],"charge":[162],"academic":[165],"community":[166],"http://www.brenda.":[168],"uni-koeln.de.":[169]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":48},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":64},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":56},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":45},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":73},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":61},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":55},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":41},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":39},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":30},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":28},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":26},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":33},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":30}],"updated_date":"2026-06-02T09:04:35.204637","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
