{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2131924932","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/gkg040","title":"The Protein Information Resource","display_name":"The Protein Information Resource","publication_year":2003,"publication_date":"2003-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2131924932","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/gkg040","mag":"2131924932","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12520019"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1093/nar/gkg040","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/gkg040","pdf_url":"https://academic.oup.com/nar/article-pdf/31/1/345/7126306/gkg040.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S134668137","display_name":"Nucleic Acids Research","issn_l":"0305-1048","issn":["0305-1048","1362-4954","1362-4962"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":"public-domain","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/public-domain","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Nucleic Acids Research","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://academic.oup.com/nar/article-pdf/31/1/345/7126306/gkg040.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053761444","display_name":"Cathy Wu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6379-8601"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2799903593","display_name":"Georgetown University Medical Center","ror":"https://ror.org/00hjz7x27","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799903593"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I184565670","display_name":"Georgetown University","ror":"https://ror.org/05vzafd60","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I184565670"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"C. H. Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Georgetown University Medical Center, 3900 Reservoir Road, NW, Box 571414, Washington, DC 20057-1414, USA. pirmail@georgetown.edu","Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Georgetown University Medical Center, 3900 Reservoir Road, NW, Box 571414, Washington, DC 20057-1414, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Georgetown University Medical Center, 3900 Reservoir Road, NW, Box 571414, Washington, DC 20057-1414, USA. pirmail@georgetown.edu","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2799903593","https://openalex.org/I184565670"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Georgetown University Medical Center, 3900 Reservoir Road, NW, Box 571414, Washington, DC 20057-1414, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2799903593","https://openalex.org/I184565670"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5053761444"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I184565670","https://openalex.org/I2799903593"],"apc_list":{"value":3630,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3630},"apc_paid":{"value":3630,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3630},"fwci":18.4151,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":445,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99678982,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"31","issue":"1","first_page":"345","last_page":"347"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10015","display_name":"Genomics and Phylogenetic Studies","score":0.9987000226974487,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10015","display_name":"Genomics and Phylogenetic Studies","score":0.9987000226974487,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10519","display_name":"Advanced Proteomics Techniques and Applications","score":0.9918000102043152,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1607","display_name":"Spectroscopy"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/16","display_name":"Chemistry"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12254","display_name":"Machine Learning in Bioinformatics","score":0.9909999966621399,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/refseq","display_name":"RefSeq","score":0.8897178173065186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/annotation","display_name":"Annotation","score":0.7842282056808472},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/uniprot","display_name":"UniProt","score":0.7789345383644104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-retrieval","display_name":"Information retrieval","score":0.5471722483634949},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biology","display_name":"Biology","score":0.4815562069416046},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/resource","display_name":"Resource (disambiguation)","score":0.4725132882595062},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.46562737226486206},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/download","display_name":"Download","score":0.4249924123287201},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/database","display_name":"Database","score":0.3930742144584656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computational-biology","display_name":"Computational biology","score":0.38162076473236084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bioinformatics","display_name":"Bioinformatics","score":0.33656102418899536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/genome","display_name":"Genome","score":0.31752443313598633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.3043559789657593},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/genetics","display_name":"Genetics","score":0.13982847332954407},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gene","display_name":"Gene","score":0.12904536724090576}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151810110","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7307074","display_name":"RefSeq","level":4,"score":0.8897178173065186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776321320","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q857525","display_name":"Annotation","level":2,"score":0.7842282056808472},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202264299","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q905695","display_name":"UniProt","level":3,"score":0.7789345383644104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23123220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q816826","display_name":"Information retrieval","level":1,"score":0.5471722483634949},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.4815562069416046},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206345919","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20380951","display_name":"Resource (disambiguation)","level":2,"score":0.4725132882595062},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.46562737226486206},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780154274","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7126717","display_name":"Download","level":2,"score":0.4249924123287201},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77088390","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8513","display_name":"Database","level":1,"score":0.3930742144584656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70721500","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177005","display_name":"Computational biology","level":1,"score":0.38162076473236084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60644358","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q128570","display_name":"Bioinformatics","level":1,"score":0.33656102418899536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C141231307","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7020","display_name":"Genome","level":3,"score":0.31752443313598633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.3043559789657593},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54355233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162","display_name":"Genetics","level":1,"score":0.13982847332954407},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.12904536724090576},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000595","descriptor_name":"Amino Acid Sequence","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000595","descriptor_name":"Amino Acid Sequence","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000595","descriptor_name":"Amino Acid Sequence","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000818","descriptor_name":"Animals","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000818","descriptor_name":"Animals","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000818","descriptor_name":"Animals","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011506","descriptor_name":"Proteins","qualifier_ui":"Q000145","qualifier_name":"classification","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011506","descriptor_name":"Proteins","qualifier_ui":"Q000145","qualifier_name":"classification","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011506","descriptor_name":"Proteins","qualifier_ui":"Q000145","qualifier_name":"classification","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011506","descriptor_name":"Proteins","qualifier_ui":"Q000235","qualifier_name":"genetics","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011506","descriptor_name":"Proteins","qualifier_ui":"Q000235","qualifier_name":"genetics","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011506","descriptor_name":"Proteins","qualifier_ui":"Q000235","qualifier_name":"genetics","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011506","descriptor_name":"Proteins","qualifier_ui":"Q000737","qualifier_name":"chemistry","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011506","descriptor_name":"Proteins","qualifier_ui":"Q000737","qualifier_name":"chemistry","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011506","descriptor_name":"Proteins","qualifier_ui":"Q000737","qualifier_name":"chemistry","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016206","descriptor_name":"Databases, Bibliographic","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016206","descriptor_name":"Databases, Bibliographic","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016206","descriptor_name":"Databases, Bibliographic","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D020407","descriptor_name":"Internet","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D020407","descriptor_name":"Internet","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D020407","descriptor_name":"Internet","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D030562","descriptor_name":"Databases, Protein","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D030562","descriptor_name":"Databases, Protein","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D030562","descriptor_name":"Databases, Protein","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1093/nar/gkg040","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/gkg040","pdf_url":"https://academic.oup.com/nar/article-pdf/31/1/345/7126306/gkg040.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S134668137","display_name":"Nucleic Acids Research","issn_l":"0305-1048","issn":["0305-1048","1362-4954","1362-4962"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":"public-domain","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/public-domain","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Nucleic Acids Research","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:12520019","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12520019","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Nucleic acids research","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:europepmc.org:158673","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://europepmc.org/pmc/articles/PMC165487","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:165487","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":null,"pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:165487","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/165487","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Nucleic Acids Res","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1093/nar/gkg040","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/gkg040","pdf_url":"https://academic.oup.com/nar/article-pdf/31/1/345/7126306/gkg040.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S134668137","display_name":"Nucleic Acids Research","issn_l":"0305-1048","issn":["0305-1048","1362-4954","1362-4962"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":"public-domain","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/public-domain","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Nucleic Acids Research","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/17","score":0.5299999713897705,"display_name":"Partnerships for the goals"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","display_name":"National Institutes of Health","ror":"https://ror.org/01cwqze88"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337372","display_name":"U.S. National Library of Medicine","ror":"https://ror.org/0060t0j89"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2131924932.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2131924932.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":12,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1546639740","https://openalex.org/W1666201796","https://openalex.org/W2003144438","https://openalex.org/W2015292449","https://openalex.org/W2048102092","https://openalex.org/W2106882534","https://openalex.org/W2147809382","https://openalex.org/W2150948439","https://openalex.org/W2158714788","https://openalex.org/W2165270659","https://openalex.org/W3199943451","https://openalex.org/W4213149192"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2102027645","https://openalex.org/W2109809956","https://openalex.org/W2107785922","https://openalex.org/W2083730226","https://openalex.org/W2408428275","https://openalex.org/W2068850418","https://openalex.org/W2035528219","https://openalex.org/W2116418175","https://openalex.org/W2402478170","https://openalex.org/W2107691364"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,57,149,186],"Protein":[1,25],"Information":[2],"Resource":[3],"(PIR)":[4],"is":[5,45],"an":[6,29,112],"integrated":[7,113],"public":[8],"resource":[9],"of":[10,54,75,97,115,129,134,173,183],"protein":[11,31,116,130],"informatics":[12],"that":[13],"supports":[14],"genomic":[15],"and":[16,19,52,64,89,92,110,119,126,147,164,175,178,180,194,198,201],"proteomic":[17],"research":[18],"scientific":[20],"discovery.":[21],"PIR":[22,79,102,150],"maintains":[23,104],"the":[24,39,73,78],"Sequence":[26],"Database":[27],"(PSD),":[28],"annotated":[30],"database":[32,114],"containing":[33],"over":[34],"283":[35],"000":[36,138,139],"sequences":[37],"covering":[38],"entire":[40],"taxonomic":[41],"range.":[42],"Family":[43],"classification":[44],"used":[46],"for":[47,85,99,161,169,192],"sensitive":[48],"identification,":[49],"consistent":[50],"annotation,":[51,77],"detection":[53],"annotation":[55],"errors.":[56],"superfamily":[58],"curation":[59],"defines":[60],"signature":[61],"domain":[62],"architecture":[63],"categorizes":[65],"memberships":[66],"to":[67,158],"improve":[68],"automated":[69],"classification.":[70],"To":[71],"increase":[72],"amount":[74],"experimental":[76,100],"has":[80,93],"developed":[81],"a":[82,106,124],"bibliography":[83],"system":[84],"literature":[86],"searching,":[87],"mapping,":[88],"user":[90],"submission,":[91],"conducted":[94],"retrospective":[95],"attribution":[96],"citations":[98],"features.":[101],"also":[103],"NREF,":[105],"non-redundant":[107],"reference":[108],"database,":[109],"iProClass,":[111],"family,":[117],"function,":[118],"structure":[120],"information.":[121],"PIR-NREF":[122],"provides":[123,189],"timely":[125],"comprehensive":[127],"collection":[128],"sequences,":[131],"currently":[132],"consisting":[133],"more":[135],"than":[136],"1":[137],"entries":[140],"from":[141],"PIR-PSD,":[142],"SWISS-PROT,":[143],"TrEMBL,":[144],"RefSeq,":[145],"GenPept,":[146],"PDB.":[148],"web":[151],"site":[152,188],"(http://pir.georgetown.edu)":[153],"connects":[154],"data":[155],"analysis":[156],"tools":[157],"underlying":[159],"databases":[160,200],"information":[162],"retrieval":[163],"knowledge":[165],"discovery,":[166],"with":[167],"functionalities":[168],"interactive":[170],"queries,":[171],"combinations":[172],"sequence":[174],"text":[176],"searches,":[177],"sorting":[179],"visual":[181],"exploration":[182],"search":[184],"results.":[185],"FTP":[187],"free":[190],"download":[191],"PSD":[193],"NREF":[195],"biweekly":[196],"releases":[197],"auxiliary":[199],"files.":[202]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":17},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":21},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":26}],"updated_date":"2026-04-04T16:13:02.066488","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
