{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2460077905","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/llc/fqw025","title":"Design and construction of the Greek grammar checker","display_name":"Design and construction of the Greek grammar checker","publication_year":2016,"publication_date":"2016-07-14","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2460077905","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/llc/fqw025","mag":"2460077905"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1093/llc/fqw025","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/llc/fqw025","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2734814886","display_name":"Digital Scholarship in the Humanities","issn_l":"2055-7671","issn":["2055-7671","2055-768X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Digital Scholarship in the Humanities","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002272253","display_name":"Panagiotis Gakis","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3847-9777"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I174878644","display_name":"University of Patras","ror":"https://ror.org/017wvtq80","country_code":"GR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I174878644"]}],"countries":["GR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Panagiotis Gakis","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Primary Education, University of Patras, Greece"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Primary Education, University of Patras, Greece","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I174878644"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007926767","display_name":"Christos Panagiotakopoulos","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3162-9218"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I174878644","display_name":"University of Patras","ror":"https://ror.org/017wvtq80","country_code":"GR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I174878644"]}],"countries":["GR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Christos Panagiotakopoulos","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Primary Education, University of Patras, Greece"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Primary Education, University of Patras, Greece","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I174878644"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012058127","display_name":"Kyriakos Sgarbas","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1797-1343"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I174878644","display_name":"University of Patras","ror":"https://ror.org/017wvtq80","country_code":"GR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I174878644"]}],"countries":["GR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kyriakos Sgarbas","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Patras, Greece"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Patras, Greece","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I174878644"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110214161","display_name":"Christos Tsalidis","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Christos Tsalidis","raw_affiliation_strings":["Neurolingo Language Technology Applications, Athens, Greece"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Neurolingo Language Technology Applications, Athens, Greece","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085113815","display_name":"Vassilios S. Verykios","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9758-0819"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I231025917","display_name":"Hellenic Open University","ror":"https://ror.org/02kq26x23","country_code":"GR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I231025917"]}],"countries":["GR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Vassilios Verykios","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Science and Technology, Hellenic Open University, Patras, Greece"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Science and Technology, Hellenic Open University, Patras, Greece","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I231025917"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":2522,"currency":"GBP","value_usd":3093},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.8662,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":10,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.83589589,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"fqw025","last_page":"fqw025"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":0.9979000091552734,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":0.9979000091552734,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12353","display_name":"Lexicography and Language Studies","score":0.9923999905586243,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1203","display_name":"Language and Linguistics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13629","display_name":"Text Readability and Simplification","score":0.9419000148773193,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7784684896469116},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/grammar","display_name":"Grammar","score":0.6985331177711487},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.6123837232589722},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/formalism","display_name":"Formalism (music)","score":0.5753461718559265},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5545573830604553},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/emergent-grammar","display_name":"Emergent grammar","score":0.499847412109375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/affix-grammar","display_name":"Affix grammar","score":0.49510636925697327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/linguistics","display_name":"Linguistics","score":0.48709797859191895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/head-driven-phrase-structure-grammar","display_name":"Head-driven phrase structure grammar","score":0.4746031165122986},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/premise","display_name":"Premise","score":0.4603026509284973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/attribute-grammar","display_name":"Attribute grammar","score":0.45788633823394775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mildly-context-sensitive-grammar-formalism","display_name":"Mildly context-sensitive grammar formalism","score":0.44572627544403076},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phrase-structure-rules","display_name":"Phrase structure rules","score":0.42807042598724365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/word-grammar","display_name":"Word grammar","score":0.4236869215965271},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.4168766438961029},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/word-order","display_name":"Word order","score":0.4130955934524536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rule-based-machine-translation","display_name":"Rule-based machine translation","score":0.41001415252685547},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/generative-grammar","display_name":"Generative grammar","score":0.4036540985107422},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/relational-grammar","display_name":"Relational grammar","score":0.3330042064189911},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/philosophy","display_name":"Philosophy","score":0.08661437034606934}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7784684896469116},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26022165","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8091","display_name":"Grammar","level":2,"score":0.6985331177711487},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.6123837232589722},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73301696","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5469984","display_name":"Formalism (music)","level":3,"score":0.5753461718559265},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5545573830604553},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C69298649","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6045214","display_name":"Emergent grammar","level":3,"score":0.499847412109375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80364944","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4689005","display_name":"Affix grammar","level":3,"score":0.49510636925697327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.48709797859191895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C152862876","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q379294","display_name":"Head-driven phrase structure grammar","level":3,"score":0.4746031165122986},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778023277","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q321703","display_name":"Premise","level":2,"score":0.4603026509284973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C164041254","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q597455","display_name":"Attribute grammar","level":3,"score":0.45788633823394775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C172265290","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6134957","display_name":"Mildly context-sensitive grammar formalism","level":4,"score":0.44572627544403076},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80877019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7188074","display_name":"Phrase structure rules","level":3,"score":0.42807042598724365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50227651","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2994462","display_name":"Word grammar","level":5,"score":0.4236869215965271},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.4168766438961029},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70777604","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q257885","display_name":"Word order","level":2,"score":0.4130955934524536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C53893814","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7378909","display_name":"Rule-based machine translation","level":2,"score":0.41001415252685547},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39890363","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36108","display_name":"Generative grammar","level":2,"score":0.4036540985107422},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C61577278","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11655557","display_name":"Relational grammar","level":4,"score":0.3330042064189911},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.08661437034606934},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142362112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q735","display_name":"Art","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153349607","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36649","display_name":"Visual arts","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C558565934","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2743","display_name":"Musical","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1093/llc/fqw025","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/llc/fqw025","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2734814886","display_name":"Digital Scholarship in the Humanities","issn_l":"2055-7671","issn":["2055-7671","2055-768X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Digital Scholarship in the Humanities","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Quality Education","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","score":0.8500000238418579}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":25,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W29476967","https://openalex.org/W189286601","https://openalex.org/W577382200","https://openalex.org/W596820292","https://openalex.org/W1491407205","https://openalex.org/W1497905122","https://openalex.org/W1580176494","https://openalex.org/W1961656048","https://openalex.org/W1972326985","https://openalex.org/W1976267443","https://openalex.org/W1989111810","https://openalex.org/W1989678401","https://openalex.org/W1994057897","https://openalex.org/W2006467333","https://openalex.org/W2012213904","https://openalex.org/W2015169059","https://openalex.org/W2034519714","https://openalex.org/W2065095609","https://openalex.org/W2085341346","https://openalex.org/W2102998174","https://openalex.org/W2126177231","https://openalex.org/W2170716495","https://openalex.org/W2224609522","https://openalex.org/W4241501300","https://openalex.org/W6647625337"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2360065899","https://openalex.org/W2348602288","https://openalex.org/W2374419891","https://openalex.org/W2393073881","https://openalex.org/W2383694297","https://openalex.org/W2963242061","https://openalex.org/W2379007880","https://openalex.org/W1635647302","https://openalex.org/W2108695422","https://openalex.org/W2372692544"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"aim":[1],"of":[2,12,18,35,69,72,76,85,108,162,187],"this":[3],"paper":[4,93],"is":[5,66,80,168],"to":[6,46,60,123,128,132,147,151,156,171,182],"present":[7],"both":[8,150],"the":[9,13,16,25,33,67,81,96,106,109,114,138,152,160,164,172,185,188,195,199,204],"main":[10],"parts":[11],"designing":[14],"and":[15,21,38,42,50,127,155],"implementation":[17],"a":[19,101,157],"useful":[20],"user-friendly":[22],"electronic":[23],"tool,":[24],"Greek":[26,110,139],"grammar":[27,140,153,173,205],"checker.":[28],"This":[29,92,117],"tool":[30],"carries":[31],"out":[32],"function":[34],"analyzing":[36],"morphologically":[37],"syntactically":[39],"sentences,":[40],"phrases,":[41],"words":[43],"in":[44,58],"order":[45,59],"correct":[47],"syntactic,":[48],"grammatical,":[49],"stylistic":[51],"errors":[52],"(Iordanidou,":[53],"1999,":[54],"2004).":[55],"Our":[56],"premise":[57],"deal":[61],"with":[62,105,184,191],"all":[63],"these":[64],"issues":[65],"settings":[68],"Grammar":[70,75],"(adaptation":[71],"Little":[73],"Modern":[74,86],"Manolis":[77],"Triantafyllidis),":[78],"which":[79],"formal":[82],"grammatical":[83],"codification":[84],"Greek,":[87],"since":[88],"1976":[89],"(Triantafyllidis,":[90],"1991).":[91],"also":[94],"presents":[95],"formalism":[97,102,118],"used":[98,122],"(the":[99],"Mnemosyne),":[100],"that":[103,112,145,180],"handles":[104],"particularities":[107],"language":[111],"hinder":[113],"computational":[115],"processing.":[116],"has":[119],"already":[120],"been":[121],"identify":[124],"multi-word":[125],"terms":[126],"phrase":[129],"grammars,":[130],"aiming":[131],"automatically":[133],"extract":[134],"information.":[135],"We":[136],"tested":[137],"checker":[141,154,174,206],"by":[142],"giving":[143],"texts":[144],"were":[146],"be":[148],"evaluated":[149],"person.":[158],"In":[159],"majority":[161],"cases,":[163],"human":[165,196],"corrector":[166,197],"accuracy":[167],"almost":[169],"equal":[170],"one.":[175],"As":[176],"far":[177],"as":[178],"mistakes":[179],"have":[181],"do":[183],"coherence":[186],"text":[189],"or":[190],"meaning":[192],"are":[193],"concerned,":[194],"was":[198],"only":[200],"accurate":[201],"corrector,":[202],"not":[203],"one":[207],"(Gakis,":[208],"2015).":[209]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
