{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2159947192","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/llc/fqr034","title":"Comparing methods for the syntactic simplification of sentences in information extraction","display_name":"Comparing methods for the syntactic simplification of sentences in information extraction","publication_year":2011,"publication_date":"2011-08-31","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2159947192","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/llc/fqr034","mag":"2159947192"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1093/llc/fqr034","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/llc/fqr034","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S84784070","display_name":"Literary and Linguistic Computing","issn_l":"0268-1145","issn":["0268-1145","1477-4615"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Literary and Linguistic Computing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007426493","display_name":"Richard Evans","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1220-8605"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I119664326","display_name":"University of Wolverhampton","ror":"https://ror.org/01k2y1055","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I119664326"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"R. J. Evans","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Wolverhampton, UK"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Wolverhampton, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I119664326"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5007426493"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I119664326"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":5.1309,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":39,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95525795,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"26","issue":"4","first_page":"371","last_page":"388"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13629","display_name":"Text Readability and Simplification","score":0.9966999888420105,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8692197203636169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sentence","display_name":"Sentence","score":0.8195874691009521},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/classifier","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","score":0.794904887676239},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parsing","display_name":"Parsing","score":0.6476678848266602},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6386988162994385},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.5704037547111511},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-extraction","display_name":"Information extraction","score":0.46793076395988464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/conjunction","display_name":"Conjunction (astronomy)","score":0.4516604542732239},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/syntactic-structure","display_name":"Syntactic structure","score":0.41237810254096985},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/exploit","display_name":"Exploit","score":0.41065728664398193},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.3577873110771179}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8692197203636169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777530160","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41796","display_name":"Sentence","level":2,"score":0.8195874691009521},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95623464","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1096149","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","level":2,"score":0.794904887676239},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186644900","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q194152","display_name":"Parsing","level":2,"score":0.6476678848266602},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6386988162994385},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.5704037547111511},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195807954","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1662562","display_name":"Information extraction","level":2,"score":0.46793076395988464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59656382","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q191536","display_name":"Conjunction (astronomy)","level":2,"score":0.4516604542732239},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2986991398","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37437","display_name":"Syntactic structure","level":3,"score":0.41237810254096985},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165696696","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11287","display_name":"Exploit","level":2,"score":0.41065728664398193},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.3577873110771179},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1276947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q333","display_name":"Astronomy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1093/llc/fqr034","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/llc/fqr034","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S84784070","display_name":"Literary and Linguistic Computing","issn_l":"0268-1145","issn":["0268-1145","1477-4615"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Literary and Linguistic Computing","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.699999988079071,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","display_name":"Quality Education"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":24,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W8949146","https://openalex.org/W77882646","https://openalex.org/W190396239","https://openalex.org/W1503325527","https://openalex.org/W1588724001","https://openalex.org/W1659833910","https://openalex.org/W1847917847","https://openalex.org/W1968628679","https://openalex.org/W1980860611","https://openalex.org/W1981598507","https://openalex.org/W1991903527","https://openalex.org/W1994563080","https://openalex.org/W2020082880","https://openalex.org/W2021672981","https://openalex.org/W2118074810","https://openalex.org/W2124556666","https://openalex.org/W2125712079","https://openalex.org/W2167072947","https://openalex.org/W2167390890","https://openalex.org/W2170844210","https://openalex.org/W2250985371","https://openalex.org/W2293837569","https://openalex.org/W2383833906","https://openalex.org/W2949108231"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1573992054","https://openalex.org/W2787790661","https://openalex.org/W4283808941","https://openalex.org/W2357300900","https://openalex.org/W2810609981","https://openalex.org/W2389617280","https://openalex.org/W2384632519","https://openalex.org/W2168778844","https://openalex.org/W2098784136","https://openalex.org/W2029994790"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"article":[1,96,186],"describes":[2,97],"research":[3,210],"aimed":[4],"at":[5],"improving":[6],"the":[7,58,71,86,93,98,107,135,140,157,177,191,195,201],"accuracy":[8,154,170],"of":[9,33,52,60,101,113,179,190],"an":[10,129,188],"information":[11],"extraction":[12],"(IE)":[13],"system":[14,88,118,203],"by":[15,106,128,194],"treating":[16],"coordinate":[17,180],"structures":[18,181],"systematically.":[19],"Commas,":[20],"coordinating":[21],"conjunctions,":[22],"and":[23,76,83,89,110,200],"adjacent":[24],"comma\u2013conjunction":[25,90],"pairs":[26,91],"are":[27,63,211],"considered":[28],"to":[29,57,134,173],"be":[30,150],"potential":[31,48,61],"indicators":[32],"coordination":[34],"in":[35,182],"natural":[36],"language.":[37],"A":[38,116],"recursive":[39],"algorithm":[40],"is":[41,119],"implemented":[42],"which":[43],"converts":[44],"sentences":[45],"containing":[46],"classified":[47],"coordinators":[49,62],"into":[50],"sequences":[51],"simple":[53,165],"sentences.":[54,184],"Several":[55],"approaches":[56],"classification":[59],"presented,":[64],"one":[65],"exploiting":[66,70,156],"memory-based":[67,108],"learning,":[68],"another":[69],"publicly":[72],"available":[73],"Stanford":[74],"parser,":[75],"a":[77,164],"hybrid":[78,158],"approach":[79],"that":[80,114,138,147,163,175,204],"classifies":[81],"commas":[82],"conjunctions":[84],"using":[85,92],"former":[87],"latter.":[94],"The":[95,122,185],"initial":[99],"set":[100],"features":[102],"developed":[103],"for":[104,142,208],"exploitation":[105],"classifier":[109,167],"presents":[111,187],"optimization":[112],"classifier.":[115,159],"baseline":[117,166],"also":[120,161],"described.":[121],"sentence":[123,197],"simplification":[124,198],"module":[125],"was":[126],"exploited":[127],"IE":[130,148,202],"system.":[131],"With":[132],"regard":[133],"automatic":[136],"classifiers":[137],"form":[139],"basis":[141],"simplification,":[143],"comparative":[144],"evaluation":[145],"demonstrated":[146,162],"can":[149],"performed":[151],"with":[152],"greatest":[153],"when":[155,171],"It":[160],"induces":[168],"improved":[169],"compared":[172],"systems":[174],"ignore":[176],"presence":[178],"input":[183],"analysis":[189],"errors":[192],"made":[193],"different":[196],"modules":[199],"exploits":[205],"them.":[206],"Directions":[207],"future":[209],"suggested.":[212]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
