{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4414622473","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/llc/fqaf103","title":"Can AI replace experts in the evaluation of cultural heritage? Based on the controlled experiments conducted on six architectural heritages","display_name":"Can AI replace experts in the evaluation of cultural heritage? Based on the controlled experiments conducted on six architectural heritages","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-09-16","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4414622473","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/llc/fqaf103"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1093/llc/fqaf103","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/llc/fqaf103","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2734814886","display_name":"Digital Scholarship in the Humanities","issn_l":"2055-7671","issn":["2055-7671","2055-768X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Digital Scholarship in the Humanities","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5115591843","display_name":"Yu Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-0661-311X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I49185572","display_name":"Yunnan University of Finance And Economics","ror":"https://ror.org/04rhev598","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I49185572"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yuchuan Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Tourism and Hospitality Management, Yunnan University of Finance and Economics , Kunming 650201,","School of Tourism and Hospitality Management, Yunnan University of Finance and Economics, Kunming 650201, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Tourism and Hospitality Management, Yunnan University of Finance and Economics , Kunming 650201,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I49185572"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Tourism and Hospitality Management, Yunnan University of Finance and Economics, Kunming 650201, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051202311","display_name":"Yi Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8911-8501"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I49185572","display_name":"Yunnan University of Finance And Economics","ror":"https://ror.org/04rhev598","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I49185572"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yi Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Public Finance and Management, Yunnan University of Finance and Economics , Kunming 650201,","School of Public Finance and Management, Yunnan University of Finance and Economics, Kunming 650201, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Public Finance and Management, Yunnan University of Finance and Economics , Kunming 650201,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I49185572"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Public Finance and Management, Yunnan University of Finance and Economics, Kunming 650201, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003925465","display_name":"Xueqing Tian","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I195019228","display_name":"Yunnan Agricultural University","ror":"https://ror.org/04dpa3g90","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I195019228"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xueqing Tian","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Humanities and Social Science, Yunnan Agricultural University , Kunming 650500,","College of Humanities and Social Science, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650500, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Humanities and Social Science, Yunnan Agricultural University , Kunming 650500,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I195019228"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Humanities and Social Science, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650500, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050441544","display_name":"Tao Zhu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9196-1736"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I49185572","display_name":"Yunnan University of Finance And Economics","ror":"https://ror.org/04rhev598","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I49185572"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tao Zhu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Tourism and Hospitality Management, Yunnan University of Finance and Economics , Kunming 650201,","School of Tourism and Hospitality Management, Yunnan University of Finance and Economics, Kunming 650201, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Tourism and Hospitality Management, Yunnan University of Finance and Economics , Kunming 650201,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I49185572"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Tourism and Hospitality Management, Yunnan University of Finance and Economics, Kunming 650201, China","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5115591843"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I49185572"],"apc_list":{"value":2522,"currency":"GBP","value_usd":3093},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.7331,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.91512646,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":"40","issue":"4","first_page":"1275","last_page":"1291"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11211","display_name":"3D Surveying and Cultural Heritage","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1907","display_name":"Geology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11211","display_name":"3D Surveying and Cultural Heritage","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1907","display_name":"Geology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12981","display_name":"Conservation Techniques and Studies","score":0.991100013256073,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1206","display_name":"Conservation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11846","display_name":"Cultural Heritage Management and Preservation","score":0.9883999824523926,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1204","display_name":"Archeology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mainstream","display_name":"Mainstream","score":0.63919997215271},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cultural-heritage","display_name":"Cultural heritage","score":0.6305000185966492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/objectivity","display_name":"Objectivity (philosophy)","score":0.6172000169754028},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/entropy","display_name":"Entropy (arrow of time)","score":0.3479999899864197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/kernel-density-estimation","display_name":"Kernel density estimation","score":0.325300008058548},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/evaluation-methods","display_name":"Evaluation methods","score":0.30799999833106995}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777617010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18957","display_name":"Mainstream","level":2,"score":0.63919997215271},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60671577","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q210272","display_name":"Cultural heritage","level":2,"score":0.6305000185966492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2482559","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q206330","display_name":"Objectivity (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.6172000169754028},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4984999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4781999886035919},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106301342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4117933","display_name":"Entropy (arrow of time)","level":2,"score":0.3479999899864197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.34630000591278076},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71134354","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q458825","display_name":"Kernel density estimation","level":3,"score":0.325300008058548},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3018395757","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1379672","display_name":"Evaluation methods","level":2,"score":0.30799999833106995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.28999999165534973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198531522","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q485146","display_name":"Sample (material)","level":2,"score":0.28439998626708984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2993601171","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9259","display_name":"World heritage","level":3,"score":0.2840000092983246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C539667460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2414942","display_name":"Management science","level":1,"score":0.2759000062942505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C170154142","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q150737","display_name":"Architectural engineering","level":1,"score":0.26750001311302185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74193536","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q574844","display_name":"Kernel (algebra)","level":2,"score":0.2635999917984009}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1093/llc/fqaf103","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/llc/fqaf103","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2734814886","display_name":"Digital Scholarship in the Humanities","issn_l":"2055-7671","issn":["2055-7671","2055-768X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Digital Scholarship in the Humanities","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":49,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1491589646","https://openalex.org/W1832473356","https://openalex.org/W1989944970","https://openalex.org/W2013290439","https://openalex.org/W2091110954","https://openalex.org/W2126552603","https://openalex.org/W2595756956","https://openalex.org/W2604452528","https://openalex.org/W2618996300","https://openalex.org/W2625837510","https://openalex.org/W2914932723","https://openalex.org/W3000460260","https://openalex.org/W3007517712","https://openalex.org/W3030438291","https://openalex.org/W3036599363","https://openalex.org/W3037495380","https://openalex.org/W3037854409","https://openalex.org/W3044617142","https://openalex.org/W3085980106","https://openalex.org/W3087220140","https://openalex.org/W3108779048","https://openalex.org/W3137524497","https://openalex.org/W3184514613","https://openalex.org/W3198846179","https://openalex.org/W3211490469","https://openalex.org/W4226327907","https://openalex.org/W4313314685","https://openalex.org/W4319935953","https://openalex.org/W4360979153","https://openalex.org/W4376117416","https://openalex.org/W4386822135","https://openalex.org/W4386838508","https://openalex.org/W4387456934","https://openalex.org/W4389044959","https://openalex.org/W4389195072","https://openalex.org/W4391220979","https://openalex.org/W4391481267","https://openalex.org/W4394759012","https://openalex.org/W4396608047","https://openalex.org/W4400034998","https://openalex.org/W4400815527","https://openalex.org/W4401358625","https://openalex.org/W4401524619","https://openalex.org/W4405889520","https://openalex.org/W4406060483","https://openalex.org/W4406779522","https://openalex.org/W4406998280","https://openalex.org/W4407464889","https://openalex.org/W4409036096"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"This":[1,129],"study":[2,130],"investigates":[3],"the":[4,16,56,61,80,87,111,117,121,124,132,141,156],"potential":[5,133],"of":[6,19,110,123,134,143,147,158,171],"artificial":[7],"intelligence":[8],"(AI)":[9],"to":[10,28,167],"replace":[11],"human":[12,106],"experts":[13],"in":[14,34,99,136],"evaluating":[15],"conservation":[17],"status":[18],"architectural":[20,31,137],"heritage.":[21],"Five":[22],"mainstream":[23],"AI":[24,43,95,135],"models":[25],"were":[26,58],"employed":[27],"assess":[29,168],"six":[30],"heritage":[32,138,148,173,184],"sites":[33],"Kunming,":[35],"Yunnan,":[36],"China,":[37],"using":[38,60],"18":[39],"evaluation":[40],"indicators.":[41],"The":[42,73,108,161],"Evaluation":[44,49],"Team":[45,50],"(AET)":[46],"and":[47,55,69,82,102,120,154,174],"Expert":[48],"(EET)":[51],"conducted":[52],"comprehensive":[53],"assessments,":[54],"results":[57,113],"compared":[59],"entropy":[62],"weight":[63],"method":[64,163],"(EWM),":[65],"independent":[66],"sample":[67],"t-tests,":[68],"kernel":[70],"density":[71],"estimations.":[72],"findings":[74],"revealed":[75],"no":[76],"significant":[77],"differences":[78],"between":[79],"AET":[81],"EET":[83],"outcomes,":[84],"demonstrating":[85],"that":[86],"AI\u2019s":[88],"assessment":[89,142],"capability":[90],"reached":[91],"expert-level":[92],"performance.":[93],"Moreover,":[94],"exhibits":[96],"higher":[97],"efficiency":[98],"information":[100],"acquisition":[101],"work":[103],"processes":[104],"than":[105],"expertise.":[107],"objectivity":[109],"AI-generated":[112],"was":[114],"enhanced":[115],"by":[116],"data-driven":[118],"approach":[119],"use":[122],"EWM":[125],"for":[126,183],"indicator":[127],"weighting.":[128],"highlights":[131],"preservation,":[139],"enabling":[140],"a":[144,151,179],"larger":[145],"number":[146],"buildings":[149],"within":[150],"shorter":[152],"timeframe":[153],"overcoming":[155],"limitations":[157],"manual":[159],"evaluation.":[160],"proposed":[162],"can":[164],"be":[165],"extended":[166],"various":[169],"types":[170],"cultural":[172],"predict":[175],"future":[176],"trends,":[177],"providing":[178],"more":[180],"efficient":[181],"basis":[182],"protection.":[185]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-03-07T16:01:11.037858","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
