{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4391057459","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/llc/fqad104","title":"The analogy of computing","display_name":"The analogy of computing","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-01-19","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4391057459","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/llc/fqad104"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1093/llc/fqad104","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/llc/fqad104","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2734814886","display_name":"Digital Scholarship in the Humanities","issn_l":"2055-7671","issn":["2055-7671","2055-768X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Digital Scholarship in the Humanities","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076490754","display_name":"Willard McCarty","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-5512-2517"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183935753","display_name":"King's College London","ror":"https://ror.org/0220mzb33","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I183935753"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Willard McCarty","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Digital Humanities, King\u2019s College London , London, United Kingdom"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-5512-2517","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Digital Humanities, King\u2019s College London , London, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183935753"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5076490754"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183935753"],"apc_list":{"value":2522,"currency":"GBP","value_usd":3093},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0134224,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"39","issue":"1","first_page":"242","last_page":"257"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12002","display_name":"Computability, Logic, AI Algorithms","score":0.9879000186920166,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12002","display_name":"Computability, Logic, AI Algorithms","score":0.9879000186920166,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12170","display_name":"History and Theory of Mathematics","score":0.9269000291824341,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2614","display_name":"Theoretical Computer Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/26","display_name":"Mathematics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10778","display_name":"Philosophy and History of Science","score":0.9212999939918518,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1207","display_name":"History and Philosophy of Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/analogy","display_name":"Analogy","score":0.9402210712432861},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/construct","display_name":"Construct (python library)","score":0.7356946468353271},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/imperfect","display_name":"Imperfect","score":0.6612415313720703},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chaff","display_name":"Chaff","score":0.6420172452926636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6194220185279846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/key","display_name":"Key (lock)","score":0.5309939384460449},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/term","display_name":"Term (time)","score":0.48725906014442444},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parallels","display_name":"Parallels","score":0.46229642629623413},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scale","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","score":0.43326500058174133},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/epistemology","display_name":"Epistemology","score":0.371611088514328},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.36128491163253784},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.3476264476776123},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/philosophy","display_name":"Philosophy","score":0.1866893172264099},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.18590489029884338},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.13546410202980042},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.1161758303642273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/linguistics","display_name":"Linguistics","score":0.1116807758808136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/history","display_name":"History","score":0.08921810984611511},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operations-management","display_name":"Operations management","score":0.08187884092330933}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C521332185","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q185816","display_name":"Analogy","level":2,"score":0.9402210712432861},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780801425","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5164392","display_name":"Construct (python library)","level":2,"score":0.7356946468353271},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780310539","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12547192","display_name":"Imperfect","level":2,"score":0.6612415313720703},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78573896","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30470787","display_name":"Chaff","level":2,"score":0.6420172452926636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6194220185279846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.5309939384460449},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C61797465","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1188986","display_name":"Term (time)","level":2,"score":0.48725906014442444},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775922551","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7135033","display_name":"Parallels","level":2,"score":0.46229642629623413},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778755073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10858537","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","level":2,"score":0.43326500058174133},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.371611088514328},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.36128491163253784},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.3476264476776123},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.1866893172264099},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.18590489029884338},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.13546410202980042},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.1161758303642273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.1116807758808136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95457728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q309","display_name":"History","level":0,"score":0.08921810984611511},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21547014","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423657","display_name":"Operations management","level":1,"score":0.08187884092330933},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1093/llc/fqad104","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/llc/fqad104","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2734814886","display_name":"Digital Scholarship in the Humanities","issn_l":"2055-7671","issn":["2055-7671","2055-768X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Digital Scholarship in the Humanities","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":130,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W43592204","https://openalex.org/W82744785","https://openalex.org/W153706720","https://openalex.org/W180012782","https://openalex.org/W562657032","https://openalex.org/W570989588","https://openalex.org/W572371872","https://openalex.org/W586002010","https://openalex.org/W586815700","https://openalex.org/W588721891","https://openalex.org/W622150113","https://openalex.org/W624647303","https://openalex.org/W632224533","https://openalex.org/W639708408","https://openalex.org/W653899100","https://openalex.org/W655957506","https://openalex.org/W1211772683","https://openalex.org/W1486477330","https://openalex.org/W1488505771","https://openalex.org/W1501212093","https://openalex.org/W1502964237","https://openalex.org/W1510740098","https://openalex.org/W1513583015","https://openalex.org/W1524041665","https://openalex.org/W1534247818","https://openalex.org/W1550293244","https://openalex.org/W1558445796","https://openalex.org/W1561012150","https://openalex.org/W1565811565","https://openalex.org/W1591305028","https://openalex.org/W1593160332","https://openalex.org/W1628845327","https://openalex.org/W1793108634","https://openalex.org/W1843681999","https://openalex.org/W1877983744","https://openalex.org/W1957780744","https://openalex.org/W1977153588","https://openalex.org/W1985111126","https://openalex.org/W1987193782","https://openalex.org/W1989083843","https://openalex.org/W1990092411","https://openalex.org/W1990549709","https://openalex.org/W1994335990","https://openalex.org/W2006057748","https://openalex.org/W2009279735","https://openalex.org/W2023461822","https://openalex.org/W2024002744","https://openalex.org/W2025678725","https://openalex.org/W2038852268","https://openalex.org/W2042676739","https://openalex.org/W2042690899","https://openalex.org/W2044653563","https://openalex.org/W2045800162","https://openalex.org/W2046315863","https://openalex.org/W2067671706","https://openalex.org/W2072267104","https://openalex.org/W2073711838","https://openalex.org/W2094749389","https://openalex.org/W2099587183","https://openalex.org/W2115809702","https://openalex.org/W2147196862","https://openalex.org/W2148597326","https://openalex.org/W2149704892","https://openalex.org/W2156317355","https://openalex.org/W2156878061","https://openalex.org/W2161365335","https://openalex.org/W2169577528","https://openalex.org/W2280273652","https://openalex.org/W2288211405","https://openalex.org/W2315136839","https://openalex.org/W2318113293","https://openalex.org/W2322020009","https://openalex.org/W2323729096","https://openalex.org/W2327312911","https://openalex.org/W2328523809","https://openalex.org/W2335740179","https://openalex.org/W2465412585","https://openalex.org/W2478832055","https://openalex.org/W2488845447","https://openalex.org/W2490177424","https://openalex.org/W2498517721","https://openalex.org/W2545317622","https://openalex.org/W2564675879","https://openalex.org/W2708689663","https://openalex.org/W2771078317","https://openalex.org/W2796712925","https://openalex.org/W2796784131","https://openalex.org/W2800785013","https://openalex.org/W2883489229","https://openalex.org/W2904277937","https://openalex.org/W2971958761","https://openalex.org/W3021920403","https://openalex.org/W3022256609","https://openalex.org/W3162439866","https://openalex.org/W3201196916","https://openalex.org/W4205988985","https://openalex.org/W4205992420","https://openalex.org/W4210954979","https://openalex.org/W4213056016","https://openalex.org/W4229811262","https://openalex.org/W4230946644","https://openalex.org/W4232387830","https://openalex.org/W4232788640","https://openalex.org/W4233504205","https://openalex.org/W4236530462","https://openalex.org/W4237980725","https://openalex.org/W4242589263","https://openalex.org/W4245404094","https://openalex.org/W4245693277","https://openalex.org/W4245899392","https://openalex.org/W4247010513","https://openalex.org/W4248347593","https://openalex.org/W4248491390","https://openalex.org/W4248728966","https://openalex.org/W4249515845","https://openalex.org/W4250799684","https://openalex.org/W4252351733","https://openalex.org/W4253311592","https://openalex.org/W4253408209","https://openalex.org/W4254835207","https://openalex.org/W4294766895","https://openalex.org/W4300875424","https://openalex.org/W4301242250","https://openalex.org/W4301507506","https://openalex.org/W4301895639","https://openalex.org/W4361773098","https://openalex.org/W6675434749","https://openalex.org/W6726641327","https://openalex.org/W6750717583","https://openalex.org/W6866272286"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2277794996","https://openalex.org/W2392206215","https://openalex.org/W1964879957","https://openalex.org/W2365201483","https://openalex.org/W2504593154","https://openalex.org/W2355561779","https://openalex.org/W2005046750","https://openalex.org/W2352407775","https://openalex.org/W2808752767","https://openalex.org/W67918574"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"The":[1],"digital":[2,67],"machine":[3,111],"is":[4,63,97,149],"analogical":[5],"by":[6,16,31],"design:":[7],"with":[8,132,140],"it,":[9],"we":[10,28,79,93],"construct":[11],"models":[12],"of":[13,18,33,126,135],"phenomena":[14],"that":[15,19,26],"definition":[17],"term":[20],"are":[21,94],"necessarily":[22],"partial":[23],"approximations.":[24],"For":[25],"reason,":[27],"learn":[29],"more":[30],"conceiving":[32],"them":[34],"as":[35,90,92],"analogues":[36],"rather":[37],"than":[38],"imperfect":[39],"copies.":[40],"As":[41],"the":[42,59,66,82,110,117],"foofaraw":[43],"over":[44],"AI":[45],"would":[46],"make":[47],"clear":[48],"to":[49,53,65,130],"anyone":[50],"who":[51],"bothered":[52],"separate":[54],"its":[55,114,136],"strange":[56],"wheat":[57],"from":[58],"common":[60],"chaff,":[61],"analogy":[62],"key":[64],"engine\u2019s":[68],"intellectual":[69],"power,":[70],"whether":[71],"for":[72,75],"good":[73],"or":[74],"ill.":[76],"(The":[77],"one":[78],"must":[80],"further,":[81],"other":[83],"oppose,":[84],"but":[85],"in":[86,103,106],"both":[87],"cases,":[88],"understand":[89],"fully":[91],"able.)":[95],"Analogy":[96],"itself":[98],"a":[99,124,141],"Proteus,":[100],"however,":[101],"surfacing":[102],"different":[104,107],"forms":[105],"disciplines":[108],"where":[109],"has":[112],"found":[113],"applications.":[115],"In":[116],"following":[118],"essay,":[119],"I":[120,138],"chase":[121],"it":[122],"through":[123],"number":[125],"fields":[127],"before":[128],"returning":[129],"computing,":[131],"two":[133],"examples":[134],"application.":[137],"end":[139],"brief":[142],"note":[143],"on":[144],"worldmaking,":[145],"which":[146],"after":[147],"all":[148,152],"what":[150],"it\u2019s":[151],"about,":[153],"at":[154],"whatever":[155],"scale.":[156]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2025-12-25T23:11:45.687758","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}