{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4388497499","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/llc/fqad079","title":"Methodological observations concerning word rankings and <i>z</i>-score refinements","display_name":"Methodological observations concerning word rankings and <i>z</i>-score refinements","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-11-03","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4388497499","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/llc/fqad079"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1093/llc/fqad079","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/llc/fqad079","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2734814886","display_name":"Digital Scholarship in the Humanities","issn_l":"2055-7671","issn":["2055-7671","2055-768X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Digital Scholarship in the Humanities","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009492089","display_name":"Hartmut Ilsemann","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1542-0510"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I114112103","display_name":"Leibniz University Hannover","ror":"https://ror.org/0304hq317","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I114112103"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Hartmut Ilsemann","raw_affiliation_strings":["English Department, Leibniz Universit\u00e4t Hannover , Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"English Department, Leibniz Universit\u00e4t Hannover , Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114112103"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5009492089"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114112103"],"apc_list":{"value":2522,"currency":"GBP","value_usd":3093},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.1746,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.5741095,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":"39","issue":"1","first_page":"185","last_page":"190"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12380","display_name":"Authorship Attribution and Profiling","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12380","display_name":"Authorship Attribution and Profiling","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":0.9836000204086304,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12970","display_name":"Names, Identity, and Discrimination Research","score":0.972599983215332,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ranking","display_name":"Ranking (information retrieval)","score":0.7181317210197449},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/word","display_name":"Word (group theory)","score":0.7126350402832031},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vocabulary","display_name":"Vocabulary","score":0.6986823081970215},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stylistics","display_name":"Stylistics","score":0.5391590595245361},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/linguistics","display_name":"Linguistics","score":0.5187240242958069},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/function","display_name":"Function (biology)","score":0.5038062930107117},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/degree","display_name":"Degree (music)","score":0.44903305172920227},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.42003333568573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/history","display_name":"History","score":0.4159512221813202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/literature","display_name":"Literature","score":0.3567394018173218},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/philosophy","display_name":"Philosophy","score":0.296631783246994},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.2921868860721588},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.2634556293487549},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/art","display_name":"Art","score":0.21479949355125427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.10945972800254822}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C189430467","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7293293","display_name":"Ranking (information retrieval)","level":2,"score":0.7181317210197449},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90805587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10944557","display_name":"Word (group theory)","level":2,"score":0.7126350402832031},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777601683","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6499736","display_name":"Vocabulary","level":2,"score":0.6986823081970215},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32062796","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q28856","display_name":"Stylistics","level":2,"score":0.5391590595245361},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.5187240242958069},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14036430","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3736076","display_name":"Function (biology)","level":2,"score":0.5038062930107117},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775997480","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q586277","display_name":"Degree (music)","level":2,"score":0.44903305172920227},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.42003333568573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95457728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q309","display_name":"History","level":0,"score":0.4159512221813202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124952713","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8242","display_name":"Literature","level":1,"score":0.3567394018173218},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.296631783246994},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.2921868860721588},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.2634556293487549},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142362112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q735","display_name":"Art","level":0,"score":0.21479949355125427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.10945972800254822},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78458016","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q840400","display_name":"Evolutionary biology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24890656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82811","display_name":"Acoustics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1093/llc/fqad079","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/llc/fqad079","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2734814886","display_name":"Digital Scholarship in the Humanities","issn_l":"2055-7671","issn":["2055-7671","2055-768X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Digital Scholarship in the Humanities","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Quality Education","score":0.550000011920929,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":6,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2107317033","https://openalex.org/W2787026234","https://openalex.org/W2897397761","https://openalex.org/W3019682207","https://openalex.org/W3206213902","https://openalex.org/W4255853888"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2350753345","https://openalex.org/W4244022502","https://openalex.org/W2362919438","https://openalex.org/W4386051291","https://openalex.org/W2364908226","https://openalex.org/W2799568558","https://openalex.org/W2382250053","https://openalex.org/W2030573549","https://openalex.org/W3011682095","https://openalex.org/W1997182898"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"This":[1],"article":[2],"evaluates":[3],"word":[4,71,100],"rankings":[5,72,101],"suggested":[6],"by":[7,32],"Ary":[8],"L.":[9],"Goldberger,":[10],"Albert":[11],"C.":[12,15],"Yang,":[13],"and":[14,49,62,76,94,114],"Peng":[16],"as":[17],"a":[18,126,130],"means":[19],"of":[20,24,29,57,110,123,133],"establishing":[21],"the":[22,27,37,53,63,89,121],"authorship":[23],"texts":[25],"in":[26,107],"light":[28],"Delta,":[30,59],"developed":[31],"John":[33],"Burrows":[34],"at":[35],"about":[36],"same":[38],"time.":[39],"The":[40,108],"tests":[41],"carried":[42],"out":[43],"with":[44,52,83],"high":[45],"ranking":[46],"function":[47],"words":[48],"results":[50,78],"established":[51],"more":[54],"modern":[55,85],"approaches":[56],"Rolling":[58,60],"Classify,":[61],"General":[64],"Imposters":[65],"method":[66],"give":[67],"clear":[68],"evidence":[69],"that":[70,79,125],"only":[73,119],"return":[74],"crude":[75],"unreliable":[77],"cannot":[80],"keep":[81],"up":[82],"non-traditional":[84],"methods.":[86],"Even":[87],"though":[88],"stylistic":[90],"difference":[91],"between":[92],"Marlowe":[93],"Shakespeare":[95],"plays":[96],"could":[97],"be":[98],"stated,":[99],"failed":[102],"to":[103],"recognize":[104],"Shakespearean":[105],"stylistics":[106],"Jew":[109],"Malta,":[111],"Edward":[112],"II,":[113],"Doctor":[115],"Faustus.":[116],"It":[117],"was":[118],"through":[120],"use":[122],"z-scores":[124],"wider":[127],"vocabulary":[128],"provided":[129],"larger":[131],"degree":[132],"differentiation.":[134]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
