{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4389003057","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/llc/fqad065","title":"Image classification for historical documents: a study on Chinese local gazetteers","display_name":"Image classification for historical documents: a study on Chinese local gazetteers","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-11-24","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4389003057","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/llc/fqad065"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1093/llc/fqad065","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/llc/fqad065","pdf_url":"https://academic.oup.com/dsh/advance-article-pdf/doi/10.1093/llc/fqad065/53812283/fqad065.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2734814886","display_name":"Digital Scholarship in the Humanities","issn_l":"2055-7671","issn":["2055-7671","2055-768X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Digital Scholarship in the Humanities","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://academic.oup.com/dsh/advance-article-pdf/doi/10.1093/llc/fqad065/53812283/fqad065.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5104202972","display_name":"Jhe-An Chen","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210150355","display_name":"Research Center for Humanities and Social Sciences, Academia Sinica","ror":"https://ror.org/05n4swm55","country_code":"TW","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210150355","https://openalex.org/I84653119"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jhe-An Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Geographic Information Science, Research Center for Humanities and Social Sciences, Academia Sinica , Taipei 115201, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Geographic Information Science, Research Center for Humanities and Social Sciences, Academia Sinica , Taipei 115201, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210150355"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5114102629","display_name":"Jen-Chien Hou","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210150355","display_name":"Research Center for Humanities and Social Sciences, Academia Sinica","ror":"https://ror.org/05n4swm55","country_code":"TW","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210150355","https://openalex.org/I84653119"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jen-Chien Hou","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Geographic Information Science, Research Center for Humanities and Social Sciences, Academia Sinica , Taipei 115201, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Geographic Information Science, Research Center for Humanities and Social Sciences, Academia Sinica , Taipei 115201, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210150355"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030771512","display_name":"Richard Tzong\u2010Han Tsai","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0513-107X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I22265921","display_name":"National Central University","ror":"https://ror.org/00944ve71","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I22265921"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210150355","display_name":"Research Center for Humanities and Social Sciences, Academia Sinica","ror":"https://ror.org/05n4swm55","country_code":"TW","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210150355","https://openalex.org/I84653119"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Richard Tzong-Han Tsai","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Geographic Information Science, Research Center for Humanities and Social Sciences, Academia Sinica , Taipei 115201, Taiwan","Computer Science and Information Engineering Department, National Central University , Taoyuan 320317, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0513-107X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Geographic Information Science, Research Center for Humanities and Social Sciences, Academia Sinica , Taipei 115201, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210150355"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Science and Information Engineering Department, National Central University , Taoyuan 320317, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I22265921"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012511705","display_name":"Hsiung-Ming Liao","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210150355","display_name":"Research Center for Humanities and Social Sciences, Academia Sinica","ror":"https://ror.org/05n4swm55","country_code":"TW","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210150355","https://openalex.org/I84653119"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hsiung-Ming Liao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Geographic Information Science, Research Center for Humanities and Social Sciences, Academia Sinica , Taipei 115201, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Geographic Information Science, Research Center for Humanities and Social Sciences, Academia Sinica , Taipei 115201, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210150355"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057560641","display_name":"Shih-Pei Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5930-4736"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210142348","display_name":"Max Planck Institute for the History of Science","ror":"https://ror.org/0492sjc74","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149899117","https://openalex.org/I4210142348"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shih-Pei Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Max Planck Institute for the History of Science , Berlin 14195, Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5930-4736","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Max Planck Institute for the History of Science , Berlin 14195, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210142348"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012638803","display_name":"Ming\u2010Ching Chang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9325-5341"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I113508548","display_name":"Albany State University","ror":"https://ror.org/01vme4277","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I113508548"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I392282","display_name":"University at Albany, State University of New York","ror":"https://ror.org/012zs8222","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I392282"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210150355","display_name":"Research Center for Humanities and Social Sciences, Academia Sinica","ror":"https://ror.org/05n4swm55","country_code":"TW","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210150355","https://openalex.org/I84653119"]}],"countries":["TW","US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ming-Ching Chang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Geographic Information Science, Research Center for Humanities and Social Sciences, Academia Sinica , Taipei 115201, Taiwan","Computer Science Department, University at Albany, State University of New York , Albany, NY 12222, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Geographic Information Science, Research Center for Humanities and Social Sciences, Academia Sinica , Taipei 115201, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210150355"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Science Department, University at Albany, State University of New York , Albany, NY 12222, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I113508548","https://openalex.org/I392282"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5012638803","https://openalex.org/A5030771512"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I113508548","https://openalex.org/I22265921","https://openalex.org/I392282","https://openalex.org/I4210150355"],"apc_list":{"value":2522,"currency":"GBP","value_usd":3093},"apc_paid":{"value":2522,"currency":"GBP","value_usd":3093},"fwci":0.8895,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":8,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.76871874,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"39","issue":"1","first_page":"61","last_page":"73"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10601","display_name":"Handwritten Text Recognition Techniques","score":0.9972000122070312,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10601","display_name":"Handwritten Text Recognition Techniques","score":0.9972000122070312,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10627","display_name":"Advanced Image and Video Retrieval Techniques","score":0.9940999746322632,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10824","display_name":"Image Retrieval and Classification Techniques","score":0.9936000108718872,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/field","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","score":0.6675528883934021},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5781197547912598},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5751984119415283},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"Deep learning","score":0.5454521775245667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-retrieval","display_name":"Information retrieval","score":0.47136321663856506},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.3638395667076111},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.11683574318885803}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9652623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190109","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.6675528883934021},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5781197547912598},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5751984119415283},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.5454521775245667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23123220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q816826","display_name":"Information retrieval","level":1,"score":0.47136321663856506},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.3638395667076111},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.11683574318885803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202444582","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q837863","display_name":"Pure mathematics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1093/llc/fqad065","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/llc/fqad065","pdf_url":"https://academic.oup.com/dsh/advance-article-pdf/doi/10.1093/llc/fqad065/53812283/fqad065.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2734814886","display_name":"Digital Scholarship in the Humanities","issn_l":"2055-7671","issn":["2055-7671","2055-768X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Digital Scholarship in the Humanities","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1093/llc/fqad065","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/llc/fqad065","pdf_url":"https://academic.oup.com/dsh/advance-article-pdf/doi/10.1093/llc/fqad065/53812283/fqad065.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2734814886","display_name":"Digital Scholarship in the Humanities","issn_l":"2055-7671","issn":["2055-7671","2055-768X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Digital Scholarship in the Humanities","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.6600000262260437,"display_name":"Quality Education","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4389003057.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":30,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W648345886","https://openalex.org/W1574613906","https://openalex.org/W1574901103","https://openalex.org/W2008056655","https://openalex.org/W2086995561","https://openalex.org/W2096945460","https://openalex.org/W2112796928","https://openalex.org/W2117539524","https://openalex.org/W2138238723","https://openalex.org/W2143786659","https://openalex.org/W2145073242","https://openalex.org/W2309144754","https://openalex.org/W2618530766","https://openalex.org/W2804784893","https://openalex.org/W2889985731","https://openalex.org/W2911964244","https://openalex.org/W2937343562","https://openalex.org/W2968285563","https://openalex.org/W2970002538","https://openalex.org/W3023805750","https://openalex.org/W3041133507","https://openalex.org/W3048624509","https://openalex.org/W3099319035","https://openalex.org/W4206141857","https://openalex.org/W4212883601","https://openalex.org/W4302363804","https://openalex.org/W4309922686","https://openalex.org/W4311284538","https://openalex.org/W4312881242","https://openalex.org/W6681651645"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2731899572","https://openalex.org/W3215138031","https://openalex.org/W3009238340","https://openalex.org/W2939353110","https://openalex.org/W4321369474","https://openalex.org/W4360585206","https://openalex.org/W4285208911","https://openalex.org/W4213079790","https://openalex.org/W2248239756","https://openalex.org/W2773120646"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"We":[1,38,114],"present":[2],"a":[3,31,49,117,147],"novel":[4],"approach":[5],"for":[6,132,179],"automatically":[7],"classifying":[8],"illustrations":[9],"from":[10],"historical":[11,110],"Chinese":[12,59,143],"local":[13,36,60,111,144],"gazetteers":[14,145],"using":[15],"modern":[16],"deep":[17,45,102],"learning":[18,103],"techniques.":[19],"Our":[20,76,96],"goal":[21],"is":[22,172],"to":[23,73,121,126,136,150],"facilitate":[24],"the":[25,40,82,99,127,151,157,162,183],"digital":[26,163],"organization":[27],"and":[28,55,68,90,108,159,175],"study":[29,152,171],"of":[30,34,42,51,58,86,92,101,139,153],"large":[32],"quantity":[33],"digitized":[35],"gazetteers.":[37],"evaluate":[39],"performance":[41],"eight":[43],"state-of-the-art":[44],"neural":[46],"networks":[47],"on":[48],"dataset":[50,167],"4,309":[52],"manually":[53],"labeled":[54],"organized":[56],"images":[57],"gazetteer":[61,112],"illustrations,":[62],"grouped":[63],"into":[64],"three":[65],"coarse":[66],"categories":[67],"nine":[69],"fine":[70],"classes":[71],"according":[72],"their":[74],"contents.":[75],"experiments":[77],"show":[78],"that":[79],"DaViT":[80],"achieved":[81],"highest":[83],"classification":[84],"accuracy":[85],"93.9":[87],"per":[88,94],"cent":[89],"F1-score":[91],"90.6":[93],"cent.":[95],"results":[97],"demonstrate":[98],"effectiveness":[100],"models":[104],"in":[105,156,161,169,182],"accurately":[106],"recognizing":[107],"categorizing":[109],"illustrations.":[113],"also":[115],"developed":[116,128],"user-friendly":[118],"web":[119],"service":[120],"enable":[122],"researchers":[123],"easy":[124],"access":[125],"models.":[129],"The":[130,166],"potential":[131],"extending":[133],"this":[134,170],"method":[135],"other":[137],"collections":[138],"scanned":[140],"documents":[141],"beyond":[142],"makes":[146],"significant":[148],"contribution":[149],"visual":[154],"materials":[155],"arts":[158],"history":[160],"humanities":[164],"field.":[165,184],"used":[168,178],"publicly":[173],"available":[174],"can":[176],"be":[177],"further":[180],"research":[181]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-06-23T06:36:01.041984","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}