{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2110658312","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jos/ffl001","title":"(In)Definiteness, Polarity, and the Role of wh-morphology in Free Choice","display_name":"(In)Definiteness, Polarity, and the Role of wh-morphology in Free Choice","publication_year":2006,"publication_date":"2006-02-10","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2110658312","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jos/ffl001","mag":"2110658312"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1093/jos/ffl001","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jos/ffl001","pdf_url":"https://academic.oup.com/jos/article-pdf/23/2/135/4587274/ffl001.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S146447972","display_name":"Journal of Semantics","issn_l":"0167-5133","issn":["0167-5133","1477-4593"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Semantics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://academic.oup.com/jos/article-pdf/23/2/135/4587274/ffl001.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082703226","display_name":"Anastasia Giannakidou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2266-9410"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I40347166","display_name":"University of Chicago","ror":"https://ror.org/024mw5h28","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I40347166"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"A. Giannakidou","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Chicago","University-of Chicago"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Chicago","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40347166"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University-of Chicago","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40347166"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5082703226"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40347166"],"apc_list":{"value":4704,"currency":"USD","value_usd":4704},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":18.2205,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":210,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98907434,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"23","issue":"2","first_page":"135","last_page":"183"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10034","display_name":"Syntax, Semantics, Linguistic Variation","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1203","display_name":"Language and Linguistics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10034","display_name":"Syntax, Semantics, Linguistic Variation","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1203","display_name":"Language and Linguistics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10383","display_name":"Language, Discourse, Communication Strategies","score":0.9876000285148621,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1203","display_name":"Language and Linguistics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11640","display_name":"Linguistic Variation and Morphology","score":0.9865999817848206,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3310","display_name":"Linguistics and Language"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/definiteness","display_name":"Definiteness","score":0.8009684085845947},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/polarity","display_name":"Polarity (international relations)","score":0.629131555557251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/semantics","display_name":"Semantics (computer science)","score":0.43468016386032104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/morphology","display_name":"Morphology (biology)","score":0.4300059378147125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/library-science","display_name":"Library science","score":0.3991497755050659},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/linguistics","display_name":"Linguistics","score":0.3927341103553772},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.36222290992736816},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/philosophy","display_name":"Philosophy","score":0.3304091691970825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chemistry","display_name":"Chemistry","score":0.11822542548179626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.11043855547904968}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779056149","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1182686","display_name":"Definiteness","level":2,"score":0.8009684085845947},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777361361","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1112585","display_name":"Polarity (international relations)","level":3,"score":0.629131555557251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184337299","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1437428","display_name":"Semantics (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.43468016386032104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C499950583","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q183252","display_name":"Morphology (biology)","level":2,"score":0.4300059378147125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161191863","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199655","display_name":"Library science","level":1,"score":0.3991497755050659},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.3927341103553772},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.36222290992736816},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.3304091691970825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.11822542548179626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.11043855547904968},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1491633281","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7868","display_name":"Cell","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54355233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162","display_name":"Genetics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1093/jos/ffl001","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jos/ffl001","pdf_url":"https://academic.oup.com/jos/article-pdf/23/2/135/4587274/ffl001.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S146447972","display_name":"Journal of Semantics","issn_l":"0167-5133","issn":["0167-5133","1477-4593"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Semantics","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.1012.1507","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.1012.1507","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://jos.oxfordjournals.org/content/23/2/135.full.pdf","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.727.6338","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.727.6338","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.lisacheng.nl/pdf/Giannakidou%26Cheng.pdf","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:scholarlypublications.universiteitleiden.nl:item_3247607","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/1887/3247607","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400850","display_name":"Leiden Repository (Leiden University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I121797337","host_organization_name":"Leiden University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I121797337"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Semantics","raw_type":"Article / Letter to editor"},{"id":"pmh:ul:oai:scholarlypublications.universiteitleiden.nl:item_3247607","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/1887/3247607","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401843","display_name":"Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1322597698","host_organization_name":"Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1322597698"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Semantics, 23(2), 135 - 183","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1093/jos/ffl001","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jos/ffl001","pdf_url":"https://academic.oup.com/jos/article-pdf/23/2/135/4587274/ffl001.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S146447972","display_name":"Journal of Semantics","issn_l":"0167-5133","issn":["0167-5133","1477-4593"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Semantics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.5299999713897705,"display_name":"Quality Education","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2110658312.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2110658312.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":53,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W626156082","https://openalex.org/W628921134","https://openalex.org/W1479981301","https://openalex.org/W1491046200","https://openalex.org/W1500365340","https://openalex.org/W1501882179","https://openalex.org/W1532059969","https://openalex.org/W1534534144","https://openalex.org/W1536352412","https://openalex.org/W1545186737","https://openalex.org/W1554052515","https://openalex.org/W1564111993","https://openalex.org/W1578310937","https://openalex.org/W1586120084","https://openalex.org/W1599230365","https://openalex.org/W1622302876","https://openalex.org/W1711163617","https://openalex.org/W1766969863","https://openalex.org/W1967028991","https://openalex.org/W1980491396","https://openalex.org/W2003992319","https://openalex.org/W2004277665","https://openalex.org/W2006303845","https://openalex.org/W2044424967","https://openalex.org/W2056614709","https://openalex.org/W2065266214","https://openalex.org/W2065280474","https://openalex.org/W2097965766","https://openalex.org/W2099835191","https://openalex.org/W2100084679","https://openalex.org/W2100406164","https://openalex.org/W2100513762","https://openalex.org/W2133533044","https://openalex.org/W2148875711","https://openalex.org/W2154641895","https://openalex.org/W2156324088","https://openalex.org/W2182201223","https://openalex.org/W2305882900","https://openalex.org/W2477289622","https://openalex.org/W2574015747","https://openalex.org/W2981913921","https://openalex.org/W3089074648","https://openalex.org/W4242268350","https://openalex.org/W4246620891","https://openalex.org/W4251062454","https://openalex.org/W6637892065","https://openalex.org/W6666786136","https://openalex.org/W6674789335","https://openalex.org/W6679601113","https://openalex.org/W6681832628","https://openalex.org/W6731778737","https://openalex.org/W6769583066","https://openalex.org/W7075636640"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1496231145","https://openalex.org/W2216786073","https://openalex.org/W4200138917","https://openalex.org/W2329059152","https://openalex.org/W1980075217","https://openalex.org/W574831145","https://openalex.org/W2539000355","https://openalex.org/W2005485857","https://openalex.org/W2053618139","https://openalex.org/W2390704548"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"this":[1],"paper":[2],"we":[3,167,180],"reconsider":[4],"the":[5,11,14,22,68,118,127,147,151,159,171,183],"issue":[6],"of":[7,13,24,71,135,163,185],"free":[8,34,49,124],"choice":[9,50,106],"and":[10,36,39,59,74,97,121,141],"role":[12],"whmorphology":[15],"employed":[16],"in":[17,53,57,92,100,138,143,158,182,187,191,193],"it.":[18],"We":[19,62,130],"show":[20],"that":[21,37,66,178],"property":[23],"being":[25],"an":[26,113],"interrogative":[27],"whword":[28],"alone":[29],"is":[30,44,86,156,175,189],"not":[31],"sufficient":[32],"for":[33,47],"choice,":[35],"semantic":[38],"sometimes":[40],"even":[41],"morphological":[42],"definiteness":[43],"a":[45,64,89,105,108,122,132,144],"pre-requisite":[46],"some":[48],"items":[51],"(FCIs)":[52],"certain":[54],"languages,":[55],"e.g.":[56],"Greek":[58,101,136,188],"Mandarin":[60],"Chinese.":[61,194],"propose":[63],"theory":[65],"explains":[67],"polarity":[69],"behaviour":[70],"FCIs":[72,137,186],"cross-linguistically,":[73],"allows":[75],"indefinite":[76,119,154],"(Giannakidou":[77],"2001)":[78],"as":[79,81,88,104],"well":[80],"definite-like":[82],"FCIs.":[83,149],"The":[84],"difference":[85],"manifested":[87,157],"lexical":[90],"distinction":[91],"English":[93],"between":[94,107],"any":[95],"(indefinite)":[96],"wh-ever":[98],"(definite);":[99],"it":[102],"appears":[103],"FCI":[109],"nominal":[110],"modifier":[111],"(taking":[112],"NP":[114],"argument),":[115],"which":[116,166],"illustrates":[117],"option,":[120],"FC":[123],"relative":[125],"illustrating":[126],"definite":[128,152],"one.":[129],"provide":[131],"compositional":[133],"analysis":[134],"both":[139],"incarnations,":[140],"derive":[142],"parallel":[145],"manner":[146],"Chinese":[148],"Here":[150],"versus":[153],"alternation":[155],"presence":[160],"or":[161],"absence":[162],"d":[164],"ou,":[165],"take":[168],"to":[169],"express":[170],"maximality":[172],"operator.":[173],"It":[174],"thus":[176],"shown":[177],"what":[179],"see":[181],"morphology":[184],"reflected":[190],"syntax":[192]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":20},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":55},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":37},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":25},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-04-05T17:49:38.594831","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}