{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2480629060","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jigpal/jzw044","title":"Packets tokenization methods for web layer cyber security","display_name":"Packets tokenization methods for web layer cyber security","publication_year":2016,"publication_date":"2016-08-06","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2480629060","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jigpal/jzw044","mag":"2480629060"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1093/jigpal/jzw044","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jigpal/jzw044","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2734381524","display_name":"Logic Journal of IGPL","issn_l":"1367-0751","issn":["1367-0751","1368-9894"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Logic Journal of IGPL","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042632349","display_name":"Rafa\u0142 Kozik","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7122-3306"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1300393620","display_name":"Bydgoszcz University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/049eq0c58","country_code":"PL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1300393620"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I686019","display_name":"AGH University of Krakow","ror":"https://ror.org/00bas1c41","country_code":"PL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I686019"]}],"countries":["PL"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Rafa\u0142 Kozik","raw_affiliation_strings":["UTP University of Science and Technology, al. prof. S. Kaliskiego 7, 85-791 Bydgoszcz, Poland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"UTP University of Science and Technology, al. prof. S. Kaliskiego 7, 85-791 Bydgoszcz, Poland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1300393620","https://openalex.org/I686019"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009283476","display_name":"Micha\u0142 Chora\u015b","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1405-9911"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1300393620","display_name":"Bydgoszcz University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/049eq0c58","country_code":"PL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1300393620"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I686019","display_name":"AGH University of Krakow","ror":"https://ror.org/00bas1c41","country_code":"PL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I686019"]}],"countries":["PL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Micha\u0142 Chora\u015b","raw_affiliation_strings":["UTP University of Science and Technology, al. prof. S. Kaliskiego 7, 85-791 Bydgoszcz, Poland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"UTP University of Science and Technology, al. prof. S. Kaliskiego 7, 85-791 Bydgoszcz, Poland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1300393620","https://openalex.org/I686019"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049392593","display_name":"Witold Ho\u0142ubowicz","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5945-8698"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1300393620","display_name":"Bydgoszcz University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/049eq0c58","country_code":"PL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1300393620"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I59411706","display_name":"Adam Mickiewicz University in Pozna\u0144","ror":"https://ror.org/04g6bbq64","country_code":"PL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I59411706"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I686019","display_name":"AGH University of Krakow","ror":"https://ror.org/00bas1c41","country_code":"PL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I686019"]}],"countries":["PL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Witold Ho\u0142ubowicz","raw_affiliation_strings":["UTP University of Science and Technology, Bydgoszcz, Poland; Adam Mickiewicz University, UAM, Wieniawskiego 1, 61-712 Poznan, Poland","Adam Mickiewicz University, UAM, Wieniawskiego 1, 61-712 Poznan, Poland","UTP University of Science and Technology, Bydgoszcz, Poland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"UTP University of Science and Technology, Bydgoszcz, Poland; Adam Mickiewicz University, UAM, Wieniawskiego 1, 61-712 Poznan, Poland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I59411706","https://openalex.org/I686019"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Adam Mickiewicz University, UAM, Wieniawskiego 1, 61-712 Poznan, Poland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I59411706"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"UTP University of Science and Technology, Bydgoszcz, Poland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1300393620","https://openalex.org/I686019"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5042632349"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1300393620","https://openalex.org/I686019"],"apc_list":{"value":4151,"currency":"USD","value_usd":4151},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":5.4466,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":14,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95889457,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"25","issue":"1","first_page":"103","last_page":"113"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12479","display_name":"Web Application Security Vulnerabilities","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12479","display_name":"Web Application Security Vulnerabilities","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10400","display_name":"Network Security and Intrusion Detection","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11241","display_name":"Advanced Malware Detection Techniques","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8648080825805664},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hypertext-transfer-protocol","display_name":"Hypertext Transfer Protocol","score":0.7580565214157104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lexical-analysis","display_name":"Lexical analysis","score":0.7390367388725281},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/network-packet","display_name":"Network packet","score":0.605735719203949},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cluster-analysis","display_name":"Cluster analysis","score":0.5437856316566467},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/application-layer","display_name":"Application layer","score":0.5240540504455566},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transport-layer-security","display_name":"Transport Layer Security","score":0.5072833895683289},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/layer","display_name":"Layer (electronics)","score":0.4722960293292999},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.46703335642814636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.34951692819595337},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/encryption","display_name":"Encryption","score":0.29514026641845703},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/the-internet","display_name":"The Internet","score":0.29315128922462463},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.25662797689437866},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.22487840056419373},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.13573011755943298}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8648080825805664},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149672775","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8777","display_name":"Hypertext Transfer Protocol","level":3,"score":0.7580565214157104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C176982825","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q835922","display_name":"Lexical analysis","level":2,"score":0.7390367388725281},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158379750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q214111","display_name":"Network packet","level":2,"score":0.605735719203949},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73555534","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q622825","display_name":"Cluster analysis","level":2,"score":0.5437856316566467},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190793597","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189768","display_name":"Application layer","level":3,"score":0.5240540504455566},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148176105","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q206494","display_name":"Transport Layer Security","level":3,"score":0.5072833895683289},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779227376","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6505497","display_name":"Layer (electronics)","level":2,"score":0.4722960293292999},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.46703335642814636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.34951692819595337},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148730421","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141090","display_name":"Encryption","level":2,"score":0.29514026641845703},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110875604","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q75","display_name":"The Internet","level":2,"score":0.29315128922462463},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.25662797689437866},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.22487840056419373},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.13573011755943298},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105339364","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2297740","display_name":"Software deployment","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178790620","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11351","display_name":"Organic chemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1093/jigpal/jzw044","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jigpal/jzw044","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2734381524","display_name":"Logic Journal of IGPL","issn_l":"1367-0751","issn":["1367-0751","1368-9894"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Logic Journal of IGPL","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:open-archive.highwire.org:igpl:25/1/103","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://jigpal.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/short/25/1/103","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4406923041","display_name":"HighWire Press Open Archive","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"TEXT"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":17,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W112152965","https://openalex.org/W886757496","https://openalex.org/W1504161274","https://openalex.org/W1594536929","https://openalex.org/W1601009504","https://openalex.org/W1952344271","https://openalex.org/W1993426957","https://openalex.org/W2001693166","https://openalex.org/W2074231493","https://openalex.org/W2094031081","https://openalex.org/W2101418959","https://openalex.org/W2116065364","https://openalex.org/W2121035740","https://openalex.org/W2126862902","https://openalex.org/W2146232384","https://openalex.org/W2164582878","https://openalex.org/W2625788084"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2480629060","https://openalex.org/W2886285749","https://openalex.org/W2129095295","https://openalex.org/W3215952099","https://openalex.org/W2604299027","https://openalex.org/W2737667669","https://openalex.org/W2969696505","https://openalex.org/W4320492391","https://openalex.org/W2784943730","https://openalex.org/W2505387931"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0,23],"this":[1,24,43],"article":[2],"we":[3,26,49],"address":[4],"the":[5,36,46,51,55,76,79,112],"problem":[6],"of":[7,58,67,75,78],"automated":[8],"Hypertext":[9],"Transfer":[10],"Protocol":[11],"(HTTP)":[12],"request":[13,52],"structure":[14,53],"analysis":[15],"applied":[16],"to":[17,63,122],"web":[18],"layer":[19,102],"cyber":[20],"attacks":[21],"detection.":[22],"method,":[25],"propose":[27],"a":[28,100],"multiple":[29],"HTTP":[30,98],"sequences":[31],"clustering":[32],"algorithm":[33],"combined":[34],"with":[35],"machine-learnt":[37],"classifier.":[38],"The":[39],"main":[40],"goal":[41],"behind":[42],"approach":[44],"is":[45,82,120],"fact":[47],"that":[48,83,96,111],"use":[50,97],"and":[54,72,94,119],"statistical":[56],"measurements":[57],"its":[59],"content":[60],"in":[61],"order":[62],"detect":[64],"anomalous":[65],"behaviour":[66],"connections":[68],"established":[69],"between":[70],"client":[71],"server.":[73],"One":[74],"advantages":[77],"proposed":[80,113],"method":[81,114],"our":[84],"solution":[85],"does":[86],"not":[87],"need":[88],"any":[89],"prior":[90],"knowledge":[91],"about":[92],"protocols":[93],"APIs":[95],"as":[99],"transportation":[101],"(e.g.":[103],"RESTFull":[104],"API,":[105],"SOAP,":[106],"etc.).":[107],"Our":[108],"experiments":[109],"prove":[110],"can":[115],"achieve":[116],"satisfactory":[117],"results":[118],"competitive":[121],"other":[123],"state-of-the-art":[124],"solutions.":[125]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-29T09:40:50.615796","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
