{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4401608109","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jigpal/jzae040","title":"Exploratory techniques to analyse Ecuador's tourism industry","display_name":"Exploratory techniques to analyse Ecuador's tourism industry","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-08-16","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4401608109","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jigpal/jzae040"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1093/jigpal/jzae040","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jigpal/jzae040","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2734381524","display_name":"Logic Journal of IGPL","issn_l":"1367-0751","issn":["1367-0751","1368-9894"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Logic Journal of the IGPL","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010649046","display_name":"Anita Herrera","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2655-412X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I46176106","display_name":"Universidad de Burgos","ror":"https://ror.org/049da5t36","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I46176106"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Anita Herrera","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Burgos Applied Computational Intelligence Group (GICAP), Department of Digitalization, Polytechnic School, , Av. Cantabria s/n, 09006, Burgos, , ahv1002@alu.ubu.es","University of Burgos Applied Computational Intelligence Group (GICAP), Department of Digitalization, Polytechnic School, , Av. Cantabria s/n, 09006, Burgos, Spain , ahv1002@alu.ubu.es"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Burgos Applied Computational Intelligence Group (GICAP), Department of Digitalization, Polytechnic School, , Av. Cantabria s/n, 09006, Burgos, , ahv1002@alu.ubu.es","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I46176106"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Burgos Applied Computational Intelligence Group (GICAP), Department of Digitalization, Polytechnic School, , Av. Cantabria s/n, 09006, Burgos, Spain , ahv1002@alu.ubu.es","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I46176106"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014107231","display_name":"\u00c1ngel Arroyo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1614-9075"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I46176106","display_name":"Universidad de Burgos","ror":"https://ror.org/049da5t36","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I46176106"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"\u00c1ngel Arroyo","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Burgos Applied Computational Intelligence Group (GICAP), Department of Digitalization, Polytechnic School, , Av. Cantabria s/n, 09006, Burgos, , aarroyop@ubu.es","University of Burgos Applied Computational Intelligence Group (GICAP), Department of Digitalization, Polytechnic School, , Av. Cantabria s/n, 09006, Burgos, Spain , aarroyop@ubu.es"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Burgos Applied Computational Intelligence Group (GICAP), Department of Digitalization, Polytechnic School, , Av. Cantabria s/n, 09006, Burgos, , aarroyop@ubu.es","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I46176106"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Burgos Applied Computational Intelligence Group (GICAP), Department of Digitalization, Polytechnic School, , Av. Cantabria s/n, 09006, Burgos, Spain , aarroyop@ubu.es","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I46176106"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048904021","display_name":"Alfredo Jim\u00e9nez","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7811-5113"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I51205905","display_name":"Kedge Business School","ror":"https://ror.org/00wk3s644","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I51205905"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Alfredo Jim\u00e9nez","raw_affiliation_strings":["KEDGE Business School , 680 Cours de la Liberation, Talence (Bordeaux) , alfredo.jimenez@kedgebs.com","KEDGE Business School , 680 Cours de la Liberation, Talence (Bordeaux) France , alfredo.jimenez@kedgebs.com"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"KEDGE Business School , 680 Cours de la Liberation, Talence (Bordeaux) , alfredo.jimenez@kedgebs.com","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I51205905"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"KEDGE Business School , 680 Cours de la Liberation, Talence (Bordeaux) France , alfredo.jimenez@kedgebs.com","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I51205905"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075173310","display_name":"\u00c1lvaro Herrero","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2444-5384"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I46176106","display_name":"Universidad de Burgos","ror":"https://ror.org/049da5t36","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I46176106"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"\u00c1lvaro Herrero","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Burgos Applied Computational Intelligence Group (GICAP), Department of Digitalization, Polytechnic School, , Av. Cantabria s/n, 09006, Burgos, , ahcosio@ubu.es","University of Burgos Applied Computational Intelligence Group (GICAP), Department of Digitalization, Polytechnic School, , Av. Cantabria s/n, 09006, Burgos, Spain , ahcosio@ubu.es"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Burgos Applied Computational Intelligence Group (GICAP), Department of Digitalization, Polytechnic School, , Av. Cantabria s/n, 09006, Burgos, , ahcosio@ubu.es","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I46176106"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Burgos Applied Computational Intelligence Group (GICAP), Department of Digitalization, Polytechnic School, , Av. Cantabria s/n, 09006, Burgos, Spain , ahcosio@ubu.es","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I46176106"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5010649046","https://openalex.org/A5014107231","https://openalex.org/A5048904021","https://openalex.org/A5075173310"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I46176106","https://openalex.org/I51205905"],"apc_list":{"value":4151,"currency":"USD","value_usd":4151},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.2198284,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"32","issue":"6","first_page":"1018","last_page":"1035"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12428","display_name":"Global Trade and Competitiveness","score":0.9697999954223633,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1408","display_name":"Strategy and Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12428","display_name":"Global Trade and Competitiveness","score":0.9697999954223633,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1408","display_name":"Strategy and Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13255","display_name":"Business, Innovation, and Economy","score":0.9674999713897705,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13141","display_name":"Statistical Methods and Applications","score":0.9451000094413757,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2613","display_name":"Statistics and Probability"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/26","display_name":"Mathematics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tourism","display_name":"Tourism","score":0.8264159560203552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/principal-component-analysis","display_name":"Principal component analysis","score":0.5804114937782288},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dimensionality-reduction","display_name":"Dimensionality reduction","score":0.576497495174408},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5045920610427856},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hierarchical-clustering","display_name":"Hierarchical clustering","score":0.4804801046848297},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/index","display_name":"Index (typography)","score":0.4674910604953766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cluster-analysis","display_name":"Cluster analysis","score":0.44577455520629883},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/business","display_name":"Business","score":0.4286065697669983},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operations-research","display_name":"Operations research","score":0.377432644367218},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.3750247061252594},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.29199522733688354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.2788304090499878},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.18217191100120544}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18918823","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q49389","display_name":"Tourism","level":2,"score":0.8264159560203552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C27438332","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2873","display_name":"Principal component analysis","level":2,"score":0.5804114937782288},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70518039","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16000077","display_name":"Dimensionality reduction","level":2,"score":0.576497495174408},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5045920610427856},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C92835128","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1277447","display_name":"Hierarchical clustering","level":3,"score":0.4804801046848297},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777382242","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6017816","display_name":"Index (typography)","level":2,"score":0.4674910604953766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73555534","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q622825","display_name":"Cluster analysis","level":2,"score":0.44577455520629883},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.4286065697669983},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42475967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q194292","display_name":"Operations research","level":1,"score":0.377432644367218},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.3750247061252594},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.29199522733688354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.2788304090499878},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.18217191100120544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1093/jigpal/jzae040","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jigpal/jzae040","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2734381524","display_name":"Logic Journal of IGPL","issn_l":"1367-0751","issn":["1367-0751","1368-9894"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Logic Journal of the IGPL","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8","display_name":"Decent work and economic growth","score":0.6200000047683716}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":23,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W304490006","https://openalex.org/W1990368529","https://openalex.org/W2001141328","https://openalex.org/W2040810017","https://openalex.org/W2051224630","https://openalex.org/W2109639789","https://openalex.org/W2128728535","https://openalex.org/W2337955400","https://openalex.org/W2945918066","https://openalex.org/W2991715193","https://openalex.org/W3100987608","https://openalex.org/W3111987638","https://openalex.org/W3114191201","https://openalex.org/W3132236068","https://openalex.org/W3159649695","https://openalex.org/W3194173056","https://openalex.org/W3199414204","https://openalex.org/W3216475965","https://openalex.org/W4230969985","https://openalex.org/W4242965302","https://openalex.org/W4250042253","https://openalex.org/W6770373422","https://openalex.org/W6800144194"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2579148721","https://openalex.org/W4387893611","https://openalex.org/W2347335694","https://openalex.org/W2091056927","https://openalex.org/W2067407580","https://openalex.org/W4317486777","https://openalex.org/W4389669152","https://openalex.org/W2038514069","https://openalex.org/W1967233468","https://openalex.org/W2009181529"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"The":[1,34,116,133,171],"analysis":[2,155],"of":[3,6,16,36,52,71,86,91,114,136,156,159,185,193,197],"the":[4,14,20,29,77,84,89,108,112,141,157,163,183,194],"operation":[5,158],"tourism":[7,21,47,72,92,160],"companies":[8,48,93,161],"will":[9],"provide":[10],"valid":[11],"information":[12,181],"for":[13,76,182],"design":[15],"policies":[17],"to":[18,40,45,82,130,178,189],"reactivate":[19],"industry,":[22],"which":[23],"has":[24],"been":[25],"strongly":[26],"affected":[27],"during":[28],"pandemic":[30],"generated":[31],"by":[32,110],"COVID-19.":[33],"objective":[35],"this":[37],"paper":[38],"is":[39,138,169],"use":[41],"soft":[42],"computing":[43],"techniques":[44,177],"analyse":[46],"in":[49,74,94,96,162],"Ecuador.":[50,198],"First":[51],"all,":[53],"dimensionality":[54,103],"reduction":[55,104],"methods":[56,105],"are":[57,100,119],"applied:":[58],"principal":[59],"component":[60],"analysis,":[61],"isometric":[62],"feature":[63],"mapping":[64],"and":[65,98,124,149],"locally":[66],"linear":[67],"embedding,":[68],"on":[69],"data":[70,90,117],"enterprises":[73],"Ecuador":[75,95],"year":[78,164],"2015.":[79],"In":[80,152],"addition,":[81,153],"verify":[83],"trend":[85],"operational":[87],"variables,":[88],"2019":[97],"2020":[99,165],"analysed":[101,120],"with":[102,121,140],"that":[106,187],"improve":[107],"interpretation":[109],"minimizing":[111],"loss":[113],"information.":[115],"sets":[118],"k-means,":[122],"k-medoids":[123],"Hierarchical":[125],"Clustering,":[126],"generating":[127],"groups":[128],"according":[129],"similar":[131],"characteristics.":[132],"optimal":[134],"number":[135],"clusters":[137],"determined":[139],"following:":[142],"Elbow":[143],"Method,":[144],"Silhouette":[145],"Coefficient,":[146],"Davies-Bouldin":[147],"Index":[148],"Dunn":[150],"Index.":[151],"an":[154,190],"concerning":[166],"previous":[167],"years":[168],"included.":[170],"study":[172],"allows":[173],"exploring":[174],"Soft":[175],"Computing":[176],"identify":[179],"important":[180],"definition":[184],"strategies":[186],"contribute":[188],"effective":[191],"reactivation":[192],"tourist":[195],"industry":[196]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T05:58:40.876381","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
