{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4388601500","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jcmc/zmad041","title":"Too scared to share? Fear of social sanctions for political expression on social media","display_name":"Too scared to share? Fear of social sanctions for political expression on social media","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-11-08","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4388601500","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jcmc/zmad041"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1093/jcmc/zmad041","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jcmc/zmad041","pdf_url":"https://academic.oup.com/jcmc/article-pdf/29/1/zmad041/53130874/zmad041.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S30594836","display_name":"Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication","issn_l":"1083-6101","issn":["1083-6101"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://academic.oup.com/jcmc/article-pdf/29/1/zmad041/53130874/zmad041.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045701523","display_name":"Brian E. Weeks","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2355-2302"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27837315","display_name":"University of Michigan","ror":"https://ror.org/00jmfr291","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Brian E Weeks","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Communication and Media, University of Michigan , Ann Arbor, MI, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2355-2302","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Communication and Media, University of Michigan , Ann Arbor, MI, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043008319","display_name":"Audrey Halversen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9374-7995"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27837315","display_name":"University of Michigan","ror":"https://ror.org/00jmfr291","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Audrey Halversen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Communication and Media, University of Michigan , Ann Arbor, MI, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Communication and Media, University of Michigan , Ann Arbor, MI, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016377098","display_name":"German Neubaum","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7006-7089"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I62318514","display_name":"University of Duisburg-Essen","ror":"https://ror.org/04mz5ra38","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I62318514"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"German Neubaum","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Human-Centered Computing and Cognitive Science, University of Duisburg-Essen , Duisburg, Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7006-7089","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Human-Centered Computing and Cognitive Science, University of Duisburg-Essen , Duisburg, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I62318514"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5045701523"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":9.844,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":21,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98346392,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"29","issue":"1","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10557","display_name":"Social Media and Politics","score":0.9976999759674072,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3315","display_name":"Communication"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10557","display_name":"Social Media and Politics","score":0.9976999759674072,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3315","display_name":"Communication"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14181","display_name":"Academic Freedom and Politics","score":0.9866999983787537,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10314","display_name":"Social and Intergroup Psychology","score":0.9829000234603882,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sanctions","display_name":"Sanctions","score":0.844931423664093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/politics","display_name":"Politics","score":0.7740360498428345},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ideology","display_name":"Ideology","score":0.7220304012298584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-media","display_name":"Social media","score":0.6309540867805481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/expression","display_name":"Expression (computer science)","score":0.5918996930122375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-psychology","display_name":"Social psychology","score":0.5213811993598938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/political-science","display_name":"Political science","score":0.5041121244430542},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/diversity","display_name":"Diversity (politics)","score":0.47737953066825867},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/political-communication","display_name":"Political communication","score":0.45483559370040894},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/public-relations","display_name":"Public relations","score":0.41912245750427246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.3112395703792572},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/law","display_name":"Law","score":0.21707549691200256}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778069335","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q32098","display_name":"Sanctions","level":2,"score":0.844931423664093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.7740360498428345},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158071213","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7257","display_name":"Ideology","level":3,"score":0.7220304012298584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C518677369","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q202833","display_name":"Social media","level":2,"score":0.6309540867805481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90559484","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q778379","display_name":"Expression (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.5918996930122375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.5213811993598938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.5041121244430542},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781316041","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1230584","display_name":"Diversity (politics)","level":2,"score":0.47737953066825867},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90508534","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1660049","display_name":"Political communication","level":3,"score":0.45483559370040894},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39549134","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133080","display_name":"Public relations","level":1,"score":0.41912245750427246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.3112395703792572},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.21707549691200256},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1093/jcmc/zmad041","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jcmc/zmad041","pdf_url":"https://academic.oup.com/jcmc/article-pdf/29/1/zmad041/53130874/zmad041.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S30594836","display_name":"Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication","issn_l":"1083-6101","issn":["1083-6101"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1093/jcmc/zmad041","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jcmc/zmad041","pdf_url":"https://academic.oup.com/jcmc/article-pdf/29/1/zmad041/53130874/zmad041.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S30594836","display_name":"Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication","issn_l":"1083-6101","issn":["1083-6101"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Reduced inequalities","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","score":0.5},{"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":0.4399999976158142}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320309652","display_name":"University of Michigan","ror":"https://ror.org/00jmfr291"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4388601500.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":54,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1977798676","https://openalex.org/W2032926056","https://openalex.org/W2035381879","https://openalex.org/W2040071383","https://openalex.org/W2041312685","https://openalex.org/W2045707430","https://openalex.org/W2093143562","https://openalex.org/W2097348267","https://openalex.org/W2097821774","https://openalex.org/W2104290261","https://openalex.org/W2105773622","https://openalex.org/W2111900853","https://openalex.org/W2122312775","https://openalex.org/W2140014944","https://openalex.org/W2147729910","https://openalex.org/W2153461090","https://openalex.org/W2167455250","https://openalex.org/W2237011670","https://openalex.org/W2397167687","https://openalex.org/W2520483883","https://openalex.org/W2551701692","https://openalex.org/W2555052222","https://openalex.org/W2584592970","https://openalex.org/W2604886418","https://openalex.org/W2731695383","https://openalex.org/W2753553011","https://openalex.org/W2765354621","https://openalex.org/W2770032557","https://openalex.org/W2775519233","https://openalex.org/W2789840087","https://openalex.org/W2793029525","https://openalex.org/W2795702561","https://openalex.org/W2796539987","https://openalex.org/W2804527277","https://openalex.org/W2888912573","https://openalex.org/W2899928148","https://openalex.org/W2908934781","https://openalex.org/W2908955919","https://openalex.org/W2909403445","https://openalex.org/W2952376432","https://openalex.org/W2952736434","https://openalex.org/W2971442848","https://openalex.org/W2982473867","https://openalex.org/W3092106288","https://openalex.org/W3118163474","https://openalex.org/W3135266974","https://openalex.org/W3187731541","https://openalex.org/W3202775674","https://openalex.org/W3211771864","https://openalex.org/W4210829864","https://openalex.org/W4220970614","https://openalex.org/W4251102464","https://openalex.org/W4298006325","https://openalex.org/W6788002404"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3039756481","https://openalex.org/W3144363993","https://openalex.org/W560918638","https://openalex.org/W2486301204","https://openalex.org/W2017636206","https://openalex.org/W2419390482","https://openalex.org/W4239448743","https://openalex.org/W4386166575","https://openalex.org/W3014770075","https://openalex.org/W3125561864"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"While":[1],"social":[2,31],"media":[3],"provide":[4],"opportunities":[5],"for":[6,25],"political":[7,27,46,76,103,117,128],"expression,":[8],"many":[9],"people":[10,42],"may":[11,107,121],"be":[12,108],"reluctant":[13],"to":[14,39,115],"share":[15],"their":[16,89],"opinions":[17,47,118],"if":[18],"they":[19],"fear":[20],"personal":[21],"or":[22],"professional":[23],"repercussions":[24],"posting":[26],"views.":[28],"Fear":[29],"of":[30,64,74,84,101,127],"sanctions":[32],"(FOSSs)":[33],"therefore":[34],"represents":[35],"a":[36],"promising":[37],"approach":[38],"investigate":[40],"why":[41],"often":[43],"avoid":[44],"expressing":[45],"online.":[48],"Using":[49],"panel":[50],"survey":[51],"data":[52],"collected":[53],"during":[54],"the":[55,62,81],"2020":[56],"U.S.":[57],"election,":[58],"this":[59],"study":[60],"examines":[61],"predictors":[63],"FOSSs,":[65,90],"as":[66,68],"well":[67],"its":[69],"relationship":[70],"with":[71,96],"several":[72,99],"forms":[73,126],"online":[75,86,102,119],"expression.":[77,104],"Results":[78],"indicate":[79],"that":[80],"ideological":[82],"diversity":[83],"people\u2019s":[85],"networks":[87],"fosters":[88],"which":[91],"in":[92,98,112],"turn":[93],"is":[94],"associated":[95],"decreases":[97],"types":[100],"Thus,":[105],"FOSSs":[106],"an":[109],"important":[110],"determinant":[111],"individuals\u2019":[113],"calculations":[114],"express":[116],"and":[120],"also":[122],"hinder":[123],"lower":[124],"commitment":[125],"engagement.":[129]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-04-28T14:05:53.105641","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
