{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7160908413","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jcde/qwag047","title":"A deep reinforcement learning method for container drayage transportation considering customer pairs","display_name":"A deep reinforcement learning method for container drayage transportation considering customer pairs","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-05-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7160908413","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jcde/qwag047"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1093/jcde/qwag047","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jcde/qwag047","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485147958","display_name":"Journal of Computational Design and Engineering","issn_l":"2288-4300","issn":["2288-4300","2288-5048"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Computational Design and Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jcde/qwag047","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081848769","display_name":"Chao Huang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3023-4388"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I132586189","display_name":"Zhongyuan University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/0360zcg91","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I132586189"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Chao Huang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Automation and Electrical Engineering, Zhongyuan University of Technology , Zhengzhou, Henan 450007 ,"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6179-7514","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Automation and Electrical Engineering, Zhongyuan University of Technology , Zhengzhou, Henan 450007 ,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I132586189"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5135983931","display_name":"Yinan Cui","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I132586189","display_name":"Zhongyuan University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/0360zcg91","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I132586189"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yinan Cui","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Automation and Electrical Engineering, Zhongyuan University of Technology , Zhengzhou, Henan 450007 ,"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Automation and Electrical Engineering, Zhongyuan University of Technology , Zhengzhou, Henan 450007 ,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I132586189"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007590900","display_name":"Xiaoyang Zhou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2252-6911"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I132586189","display_name":"Zhongyuan University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/0360zcg91","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I132586189"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaoyang Zhou","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Automation and Electrical Engineering, Zhongyuan University of Technology , Zhengzhou, Henan 450007 ,"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Automation and Electrical Engineering, Zhongyuan University of Technology , Zhengzhou, Henan 450007 ,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I132586189"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001242154","display_name":"Boyang Qu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7539-3927"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I132586189","display_name":"Zhongyuan University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/0360zcg91","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I132586189"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Boyang Qu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Automation and Electrical Engineering, Zhongyuan University of Technology , Zhengzhou, Henan 450007 ,"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7539-3927","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Automation and Electrical Engineering, Zhongyuan University of Technology , Zhengzhou, Henan 450007 ,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I132586189"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5125978331","display_name":"Li Yan","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I132586189","display_name":"Zhongyuan University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/0360zcg91","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I132586189"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Li Yan","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Automation and Electrical Engineering, Zhongyuan University of Technology , Zhengzhou, Henan 450007 ,"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Automation and Electrical Engineering, Zhongyuan University of Technology , Zhengzhou, Henan 450007 ,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I132586189"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100323472","display_name":"Hui Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6368-816X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210096899","display_name":"Jiangsu University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00tyjp878","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210096899"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hui Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Economics and Management, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology , Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212100 ,"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Economics and Management, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology , Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212100 ,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210096899"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5001242154","https://openalex.org/A5081848769"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I132586189"],"apc_list":{"value":1650,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1650},"apc_paid":{"value":1650,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1650},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.54403972,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"13","issue":"5","first_page":"250","last_page":"268"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10567","display_name":"Vehicle Routing Optimization Methods","score":0.7476999759674072,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2209","display_name":"Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10567","display_name":"Vehicle Routing Optimization Methods","score":0.7476999759674072,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2209","display_name":"Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12306","display_name":"Urban and Freight Transport Logistics","score":0.1054999977350235,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2215","display_name":"Building and Construction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11223","display_name":"Maritime Ports and Logistics","score":0.05339999869465828,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2209","display_name":"Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reinforcement-learning","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","score":0.7843999862670898},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/container","display_name":"Container (type theory)","score":0.6294999718666077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/truck","display_name":"Truck","score":0.5741000175476074},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/task","display_name":"Task (project management)","score":0.5483999848365784},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/representation","display_name":"Representation (politics)","score":0.45339998602867126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/node","display_name":"Node (physics)","score":0.4465000033378601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.42660000920295715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/markov-decision-process","display_name":"Markov decision process","score":0.3944000005722046},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fuel-efficiency","display_name":"Fuel efficiency","score":0.36660000681877136}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97541855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q830687","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","level":2,"score":0.7843999862670898},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781018962","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5164884","display_name":"Container (type theory)","level":2,"score":0.6294999718666077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52121051","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43193","display_name":"Truck","level":2,"score":0.5741000175476074},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5681999921798706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.5630000233650208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.5483999848365784},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776359362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2145286","display_name":"Representation (politics)","level":3,"score":0.45339998602867126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62611344","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1062658","display_name":"Node (physics)","level":2,"score":0.4465000033378601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.42660000920295715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4047999978065491},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106189395","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176789","display_name":"Markov decision process","level":3,"score":0.3944000005722046},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45882903","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5042317","display_name":"Fuel efficiency","level":2,"score":0.36660000681877136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159886148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176645","display_name":"Markov process","level":2,"score":0.36090001463890076},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776234997","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17134191","display_name":"Transshipment (information security)","level":2,"score":0.36000001430511475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191172861","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7899321","display_name":"Upstream (networking)","level":2,"score":0.3546000123023987},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158622935","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q660848","display_name":"Nonlinear system","level":2,"score":0.3467000126838684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41045048","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q202843","display_name":"Linear programming","level":2,"score":0.3327000141143799},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204323151","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q905424","display_name":"Range (aeronautics)","level":2,"score":0.3310000002384186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C91765299","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3424292","display_name":"Lagrangian relaxation","level":2,"score":0.3273000121116638},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42475967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q194292","display_name":"Operations research","level":1,"score":0.32600000500679016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98763669","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176645","display_name":"Markov chain","level":2,"score":0.3050000071525574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115527620","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q769909","display_name":"Nonlinear programming","level":3,"score":0.29809999465942383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126042441","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1324888","display_name":"Frame (networking)","level":2,"score":0.29490000009536743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137836250","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q984063","display_name":"Optimization problem","level":2,"score":0.2922999858856201},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C131584629","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4308705","display_name":"Coupling (piping)","level":2,"score":0.2921999990940094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56086750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6042592","display_name":"Integer programming","level":2,"score":0.29109999537467957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2986080485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1331926","display_name":"Decision maker","level":2,"score":0.28380000591278076},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48044578","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q727490","display_name":"Scalability","level":2,"score":0.28110000491142273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34165917","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188267","display_name":"Programming paradigm","level":2,"score":0.2806999981403351},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.2782000005245209},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151376022","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q168698","display_name":"Exponential function","level":2,"score":0.25529998540878296}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1093/jcde/qwag047","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jcde/qwag047","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485147958","display_name":"Journal of Computational Design and Engineering","issn_l":"2288-4300","issn":["2288-4300","2288-5048"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Computational Design and Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1093/jcde/qwag047","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jcde/qwag047","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485147958","display_name":"Journal of Computational Design and Engineering","issn_l":"2288-4300","issn":["2288-4300","2288-5048"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Computational Design and Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1795731164","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62576372","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6954465475","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62373389","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":75,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2967783393","https://openalex.org/W3007187496","https://openalex.org/W3083251340","https://openalex.org/W3107391387","https://openalex.org/W3124700354","https://openalex.org/W3128090387","https://openalex.org/W3134504082","https://openalex.org/W3173857139","https://openalex.org/W3193777527","https://openalex.org/W3212612517","https://openalex.org/W4214560495","https://openalex.org/W4220701077","https://openalex.org/W4224291592","https://openalex.org/W4224903014","https://openalex.org/W4288871004","https://openalex.org/W4289812636","https://openalex.org/W4296181692","https://openalex.org/W4308496855","https://openalex.org/W4311480656","https://openalex.org/W4313166365","https://openalex.org/W4323031123","https://openalex.org/W4376651102","https://openalex.org/W4380303721","https://openalex.org/W4380768317","https://openalex.org/W4381785805","https://openalex.org/W4382203477","https://openalex.org/W4387637346","https://openalex.org/W4388562928","https://openalex.org/W4389941392","https://openalex.org/W4392638773","https://openalex.org/W4393325715","https://openalex.org/W4393339568","https://openalex.org/W4396527556","https://openalex.org/W4396878066","https://openalex.org/W4399039507","https://openalex.org/W4399693922","https://openalex.org/W4399696776","https://openalex.org/W4400078626","https://openalex.org/W4400132288","https://openalex.org/W4400747844","https://openalex.org/W4400870544","https://openalex.org/W4402042906","https://openalex.org/W4402557675","https://openalex.org/W4403863377","https://openalex.org/W4403863644","https://openalex.org/W4404709112","https://openalex.org/W4405024146","https://openalex.org/W4405381793","https://openalex.org/W4405424477","https://openalex.org/W4406275250","https://openalex.org/W4408174040","https://openalex.org/W4408786302","https://openalex.org/W4409234805","https://openalex.org/W4409257366","https://openalex.org/W4409371633","https://openalex.org/W4409473609","https://openalex.org/W4409488408","https://openalex.org/W4410028136","https://openalex.org/W4411436005","https://openalex.org/W4412571178","https://openalex.org/W4413925503","https://openalex.org/W4414159079","https://openalex.org/W4414716691","https://openalex.org/W4414861064","https://openalex.org/W4415704002","https://openalex.org/W4417251901","https://openalex.org/W7084940609","https://openalex.org/W7117751487","https://openalex.org/W7118176099","https://openalex.org/W7120080465","https://openalex.org/W7124729580","https://openalex.org/W7126117698","https://openalex.org/W7128682336","https://openalex.org/W7130847697","https://openalex.org/W7140197771"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"Container":[1],"drayage":[2,26,52,300],"transportation":[3],"serves":[4],"as":[5,293],"a":[6,50,63,84,122,130,144,153],"critical":[7],"link":[8],"in":[9,117,195],"global":[10],"supply":[11],"chains,":[12],"yet":[13],"truck":[14,95],"capacity":[15],"constraints":[16],"and":[17,34,94,137,159,173,199,239,247,262,275],"the":[18,71,89,103,111,164,177,187,197,209,225,230,268,272,279,283,289],"complex":[19],"interplay":[20],"of":[21,114,271,291],"multi-customer":[22],"requirements":[23],"often":[24],"compromise":[25],"efficiency.":[27],"These":[28,286],"factors":[29],"collectively":[30],"increase":[31],"fuel":[32,74],"consumption":[33],"operational":[35],"costs,":[36],"posing":[37],"significant":[38],"challenges":[39],"for":[40,218,297],"logistics":[41],"optimization.":[42,301],"To":[43,97],"address":[44],"these":[45],"issues,":[46],"this":[47],"article":[48],"investigates":[49],"container":[51,299],"problem":[53],"with":[54,148,278],"customer":[55,193],"pairs,":[56],"where":[57],"each":[58],"pickup":[59],"node":[60],"corresponds":[61],"to":[62,69,87,182],"delivery":[64,174],"node.":[65],"The":[66,141],"optimization":[67],"aims":[68],"minimize":[70],"trucks\u2019":[72],"total":[73],"consumption.":[75],"A":[76],"mixed-integer":[77],"nonlinear":[78],"programming":[79],"model":[80,104,188,281],"is":[81],"formulated":[82],"on":[83],"graph-based":[85],"representation":[86],"capture":[88],"coupling":[90],"between":[91,192],"task":[92,168,184],"dependencies":[93],"states.":[96],"reduce":[98],"computational":[99],"complexity,":[100],"we":[101,120],"linearize":[102],"by":[105],"introducing":[106],"several":[107],"auxiliary":[108],"variables.":[109],"Recognizing":[110],"exponential":[112],"growth":[113],"solution":[115,203],"space":[116],"large-scale":[118,240],"scenarios,":[119],"propose":[121],"deep":[123],"reinforcement":[124],"learning":[125],"(DRL)":[126],"method":[127,142,228],"that":[128,208],"integrates":[129],"Markov":[131],"decision":[132],"process,":[133],"policy":[134],"gradient":[135],"optimization,":[136],"an":[138,149,294],"attention":[139,151],"mechanism.":[140],"features":[143,169],"sequential":[145],"decision-making":[146],"system":[147],"enhanced":[150],"mechanism,":[152],"carefully":[154],"designed":[155],"cumulative":[156],"reward":[157],"function,":[158],"tailored":[160],"training":[161,276],"strategies.":[162],"Specifically,":[163],"encoder":[165,198],"efficiently":[166],"extracts":[167],"from":[170],"depot,":[171],"pickup,":[172],"nodes,":[175],"while":[176,224],"decoder":[178],"optimizes":[179],"feature":[180],"fusion":[181],"guide":[183],"selection.":[185],"Importantly,":[186],"explicitly":[189],"incorporates":[190],"symmetry":[191],"pairs":[194],"both":[196],"decoder,":[200,274],"thereby":[201],"improving":[202],"quality.":[204],"Extensive":[205],"experiments":[206],"validate":[207],"mathematical":[210],"model,":[211],"solved":[212],"via":[213],"Gurobi,":[214,244],"obtains":[215],"optimal":[216,232],"solutions":[217,233,254],"small-scale":[219],"instances":[220],"within":[221,234,255],"1900":[222],"seconds,":[223],"proposed":[226],"DRL":[227,242,292],"achieves":[229],"same":[231],"2700":[235],"seconds.":[236],"For":[237],"medium-":[238],"instances,":[241],"outperforms":[243],"simulated":[245],"annealing,":[246],"large":[248],"neighborhood":[249],"search,":[250],"consistently":[251],"delivering":[252],"superior":[253],"acceptable":[256],"computation":[257],"time,":[258],"demonstrating":[259],"strong":[260],"generalization":[261],"robustness.":[263],"Ablation":[264],"studies":[265],"further":[266],"confirm":[267],"individual":[269],"contributions":[270],"encoder,":[273],"strategy,":[277],"full":[280],"achieving":[282],"best":[284],"performance.":[285],"results":[287],"underscore":[288],"potential":[290],"effective":[295],"tool":[296],"sustainable":[298]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-06-23T06:36:01.041984","created_date":"2026-05-13T00:00:00"}
