{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7159644445","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jcde/qwag042","title":"Deterministic \u03c4-based clustering and mould optimization for reusable formwork in curved glulam construction","display_name":"Deterministic \u03c4-based clustering and mould optimization for reusable formwork in curved glulam construction","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-04-27","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7159644445","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jcde/qwag042"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1093/jcde/qwag042","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jcde/qwag042","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485147958","display_name":"Journal of Computational Design and Engineering","issn_l":"2288-4300","issn":["2288-4300","2288-5048"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Computational Design and Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jcde/qwag042","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021102024","display_name":"Kristof Crolla","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1921-395X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I889458895","display_name":"University of Hong Kong","ror":"https://ror.org/02zhqgq86","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I889458895"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Kristof Crolla","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Architecture, The University of Hong Kong , 3/F, Knowles Building, Pokfulam Road ,\u00a0"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1921-395X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Architecture, The University of Hong Kong , 3/F, Knowles Building, Pokfulam Road ,\u00a0","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I889458895"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5134956191","display_name":"Yilun Jiang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-8613-4177"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I889458895","display_name":"University of Hong Kong","ror":"https://ror.org/02zhqgq86","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I889458895"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yilun Jiang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Architecture, The University of Hong Kong , 3/F, Knowles Building, Pokfulam Road ,\u00a0"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-8613-4177","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Architecture, The University of Hong Kong , 3/F, Knowles Building, Pokfulam Road ,\u00a0","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I889458895"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5134971784","display_name":"Pei-Hsien Hsu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1289-9159"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I148366613","display_name":"National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University","ror":"https://ror.org/00se2k293","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I148366613"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pei-Hsien Hsu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Graduate Institute of Architecture, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University , No. 1001, Daxue Rd, East District, Hsinchu City 300093 ,"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1289-9159","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Graduate Institute of Architecture, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University , No. 1001, Daxue Rd, East District, Hsinchu City 300093 ,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I148366613"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065346183","display_name":"June-Hao Hou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8362-7719"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I148366613","display_name":"National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University","ror":"https://ror.org/00se2k293","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I148366613"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"June-Hao Hou","raw_affiliation_strings":["Graduate Institute of Architecture, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University , No. 1001, Daxue Rd, East District, Hsinchu City 300093 ,"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8362-7719","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Graduate Institute of Architecture, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University , No. 1001, Daxue Rd, East District, Hsinchu City 300093 ,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I148366613"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036675151","display_name":"Nichol Long Hin Wong","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I889458895","display_name":"University of Hong Kong","ror":"https://ror.org/02zhqgq86","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I889458895"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nichol Long Hin Wong","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Architecture, The University of Hong Kong , 3/F, Knowles Building, Pokfulam Road ,\u00a0"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-6505-3097","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Architecture, The University of Hong Kong , 3/F, Knowles Building, Pokfulam Road ,\u00a0","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I889458895"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087678706","display_name":"Yu-Tung Cheng","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I148366613","display_name":"National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University","ror":"https://ror.org/00se2k293","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I148366613"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yu-Tung Cheng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Graduate Institute of Architecture, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University , No. 1001, Daxue Rd, East District, Hsinchu City 300093 ,"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-9030-9573","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Graduate Institute of Architecture, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University , No. 1001, Daxue Rd, East District, Hsinchu City 300093 ,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I148366613"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5021102024"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I889458895"],"apc_list":{"value":1650,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1650},"apc_paid":{"value":1650,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1650},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.45987799,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"13","issue":"6","first_page":"1","last_page":"29"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12190","display_name":"Innovations in Concrete and Construction Materials","score":0.7093999981880188,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2215","display_name":"Building and Construction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12190","display_name":"Innovations in Concrete and Construction Materials","score":0.7093999981880188,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2215","display_name":"Building and Construction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11006","display_name":"BIM and Construction Integration","score":0.08590000122785568,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2215","display_name":"Building and Construction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13518","display_name":"Architecture and Computational Design","score":0.038100000470876694,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2216","display_name":"Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/formwork","display_name":"Formwork","score":0.8428999781608582},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/workflow","display_name":"Workflow","score":0.6129999756813049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cluster-analysis","display_name":"Cluster analysis","score":0.5437999963760376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deflection","display_name":"Deflection (physics)","score":0.46160000562667847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mold","display_name":"Mold","score":0.42089998722076416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/centroid","display_name":"Centroid","score":0.36500000953674316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/discontinuity","display_name":"Discontinuity (linguistics)","score":0.3625999987125397},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/roof","display_name":"Roof","score":0.3528999984264374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/catenary","display_name":"Catenary","score":0.3522999882698059}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778684775","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q752323","display_name":"Formwork","level":2,"score":0.8428999781608582},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177212765","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q627335","display_name":"Workflow","level":2,"score":0.6129999756813049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73555534","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q622825","display_name":"Cluster analysis","level":2,"score":0.5437999963760376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.5360000133514404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66938386","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q633538","display_name":"Structural engineering","level":1,"score":0.5069000124931335},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781355719","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2080698","display_name":"Deflection (physics)","level":2,"score":0.46160000562667847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199639397","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1788588","display_name":"Engineering drawing","level":1,"score":0.4251999855041504},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780566776","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q159341","display_name":"Mold","level":2,"score":0.42089998722076416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.3790000081062317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146599234","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q511093","display_name":"Centroid","level":2,"score":0.36500000953674316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777042112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5281658","display_name":"Discontinuity (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.3625999987125397},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776748203","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83180","display_name":"Roof","level":2,"score":0.3528999984264374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29279314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q214561","display_name":"Catenary","level":2,"score":0.3522999882698059},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206423108","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q214728","display_name":"B\u00e9zier curve","level":2,"score":0.3425000011920929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.3386000096797943},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136525101","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5428139","display_name":"Fabrication","level":3,"score":0.31790000200271606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52438962","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1555139","display_name":"Rationalization (economics)","level":2,"score":0.31769999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60053565","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1021159","display_name":"Camber (aerodynamics)","level":2,"score":0.3140000104904175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776542497","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5266672","display_name":"Development (topology)","level":2,"score":0.3059000074863434},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58103923","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2286025","display_name":"Silhouette","level":2,"score":0.30230000615119934},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168834538","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3705329","display_name":"Beam (structure)","level":2,"score":0.2978000044822693},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68781425","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2052203","display_name":"Multi-objective optimization","level":2,"score":0.2915000021457672},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C141898687","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1501997","display_name":"Hausdorff distance","level":2,"score":0.2883000075817108},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.2863999903202057},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776459999","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2119376","display_name":"Fidelity","level":2,"score":0.28380000591278076},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.2782000005245209},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.27379998564720154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C164866538","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q367351","display_name":"Cluster (spacecraft)","level":2,"score":0.26910001039505005}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1093/jcde/qwag042","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jcde/qwag042","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485147958","display_name":"Journal of Computational Design and Engineering","issn_l":"2288-4300","issn":["2288-4300","2288-5048"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Computational Design and Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1093/jcde/qwag042","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jcde/qwag042","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485147958","display_name":"Journal of Computational Design and Engineering","issn_l":"2288-4300","issn":["2288-4300","2288-5048"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Computational Design and Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":27,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1498357744","https://openalex.org/W1967621938","https://openalex.org/W2015136530","https://openalex.org/W2132022337","https://openalex.org/W2177549413","https://openalex.org/W2342249984","https://openalex.org/W2888171660","https://openalex.org/W2913713056","https://openalex.org/W2915317544","https://openalex.org/W2915776508","https://openalex.org/W2918067361","https://openalex.org/W2939653190","https://openalex.org/W2949149006","https://openalex.org/W3035965352","https://openalex.org/W3116908964","https://openalex.org/W3127844220","https://openalex.org/W3159675712","https://openalex.org/W3189936482","https://openalex.org/W4244302218","https://openalex.org/W4247728849","https://openalex.org/W4255302923","https://openalex.org/W4297687100","https://openalex.org/W4308969610","https://openalex.org/W4362666123","https://openalex.org/W4386815127","https://openalex.org/W4399418208","https://openalex.org/W4404456636"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"This":[1],"paper":[2],"presents":[3],"a":[4,35,64,74,112,125],"deterministic":[5],"computational":[6],"workflow":[7,81],"for":[8],"the":[9,50,55,58,80,94],"rationalization":[10],"of":[11,52],"curved":[12,75],"glue-laminated":[13],"beam":[14],"assemblies":[15],"through":[16],"tolerance-based":[17],"clustering":[18],"and":[19,39,63,90,99,120],"mold":[20,42,86],"optimization.":[21],"The":[22],"method":[23],"computes":[24],"equilibrium":[25],"catenary":[26],"geometries,":[27],"evaluates":[28],"directed":[29],"Hausdorff":[30],"deviation,":[31],"groups":[32],"beams":[33],"under":[34],"user-defined":[36],"tolerance":[37,84],"threshold,":[38],"optimizes":[40],"shared":[41],"families":[43],"to":[44,73],"reduce":[45],"formwork":[46],"requirements.":[47],"It":[48],"outputs":[49],"number":[51],"input":[53],"curves,":[54],"cluster":[56],"count,":[57],"maximum":[59],"deviation":[60],"per":[61],"family,":[62],"tolerance\u2013cluster":[65],"relationship":[66],"that":[67],"supports":[68],"early-stage":[69],"design-to-fabrication":[70],"decision-making.":[71],"Applied":[72],"glulam":[76],"roof":[77],"case":[78],"study,":[79],"shows":[82],"how":[83],"governs":[85],"reduction,":[87],"with":[88],"three-":[89],"eight-cluster":[91],"scenarios":[92],"demonstrating":[93],"trade-off":[95],"between":[96],"geometric":[97],"fidelity":[98],"fabrication":[100,127],"complexity,":[101],"while":[102],"keeping":[103],"deviations":[104],"below":[105],"1%.":[106],"A":[107],"full-scale":[108],"prototype":[109],"fabricated":[110],"from":[111],"single":[113],"optimized":[114],"jig":[115],"further":[116],"demonstrates":[117],"practical":[118],"feasibility":[119],"controlled":[121],"as-built":[122],"accuracy":[123],"in":[124],"low-resource":[126],"setting.":[128]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-06-18T08:10:14.011955","created_date":"2026-05-02T00:00:00"}
