{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4415105888","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jcde/qwaf103","title":"Simplified calculation method for the structure deformation response of the existing shield tunnel under surcharge","display_name":"Simplified calculation method for the structure deformation response of the existing shield tunnel under surcharge","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-10-11","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4415105888","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jcde/qwaf103"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1093/jcde/qwaf103","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jcde/qwaf103","pdf_url":"https://academic.oup.com/jcde/advance-article-pdf/doi/10.1093/jcde/qwaf103/64660489/qwaf103.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485147958","display_name":"Journal of Computational Design and Engineering","issn_l":"2288-4300","issn":["2288-4300","2288-5048"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Computational Design and Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://academic.oup.com/jcde/advance-article-pdf/doi/10.1093/jcde/qwaf103/64660489/qwaf103.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039735711","display_name":"Yunxin Zheng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0403-1133"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I25355098","display_name":"Chang'an University","ror":"https://ror.org/05mxya461","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I25355098"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yunxin Zheng","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Civil Engineering, Chang\u2019an University , Middle Chang\u2019an Road, Xi\u2019an 710061 ,","School of Civil Engineering, Chang'an University, Middle Chang'an Road, Xi'an 710061, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Civil Engineering, Chang\u2019an University , Middle Chang\u2019an Road, Xi\u2019an 710061 ,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25355098"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Civil Engineering, Chang'an University, Middle Chang'an Road, Xi'an 710061, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25355098"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014525080","display_name":"Jiakuan Ma","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5482-9365"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I44675526","display_name":"Shanghai Ocean University","ror":"https://ror.org/04n40zv07","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I44675526"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I59028903","display_name":"Ocean University of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04rdtx186","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I59028903"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jiakuan Ma","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Civil and Ocean Engineering, Jiangsu Ocean University , Cangwu Road, Lianyungang 222005 ,","School of Civil and Ocean Engineering, Jiangsu Ocean University, Cangwu Road, Lianyungang 222005, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Civil and Ocean Engineering, Jiangsu Ocean University , Cangwu Road, Lianyungang 222005 ,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I44675526"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Civil and Ocean Engineering, Jiangsu Ocean University, Cangwu Road, Lianyungang 222005, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I59028903"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075338913","display_name":"Zhiping Hu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8604-3671"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I25355098","display_name":"Chang'an University","ror":"https://ror.org/05mxya461","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I25355098"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhiping Hu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Underground Structure and Engineering, Chang\u2019an University , Middle Chang\u2019an Road, Xi\u2019an 710061 ,","Institute of Underground Structure and Engineering, Chang'an University, Middle Chang'an Road, Xi'an 710061, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Underground Structure and Engineering, Chang\u2019an University , Middle Chang\u2019an Road, Xi\u2019an 710061 ,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25355098"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Underground Structure and Engineering, Chang'an University, Middle Chang'an Road, Xi'an 710061, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25355098"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Yong Tang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-4167-4357"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I25355098","display_name":"Chang'an University","ror":"https://ror.org/05mxya461","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I25355098"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yong Tang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Civil Engineering, Chang\u2019an University , Middle Chang\u2019an Road, Xi\u2019an 710061 ,","School of Civil Engineering, Chang'an University, Middle Chang'an Road, Xi'an 710061, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Civil Engineering, Chang\u2019an University , Middle Chang\u2019an Road, Xi\u2019an 710061 ,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25355098"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Civil Engineering, Chang'an University, Middle Chang'an Road, Xi'an 710061, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25355098"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Rui Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7794-358X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I25355098","display_name":"Chang'an University","ror":"https://ror.org/05mxya461","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I25355098"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rui Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Civil Engineering, Chang\u2019an University , Middle Chang\u2019an Road, Xi\u2019an 710061 ,","School of Civil Engineering, Chang'an University, Middle Chang'an Road, Xi'an 710061, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Civil Engineering, Chang\u2019an University , Middle Chang\u2019an Road, Xi\u2019an 710061 ,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25355098"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Civil Engineering, Chang'an University, Middle Chang'an Road, Xi'an 710061, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25355098"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Xin Wen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5440-4049"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I181903023","display_name":"Xi'an Shiyou University","ror":"https://ror.org/040c7js64","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I181903023"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xin Wen","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Civil Engineering, Xi\u2019an Shiyou University , No. 18, East Section of Dianzi 2nd Road, Xi\u2019an 710065 ,","School of Civil Engineering, Xi'an Shiyou University, Electronic 2nd Road, Xi'an 710065, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Civil Engineering, Xi\u2019an Shiyou University , No. 18, East Section of Dianzi 2nd Road, Xi\u2019an 710065 ,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I181903023"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Civil Engineering, Xi'an Shiyou University, Electronic 2nd Road, Xi'an 710065, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I181903023"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5039735711"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25355098"],"apc_list":{"value":1650,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1650},"apc_paid":{"value":1650,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1650},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.52694611,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"12","issue":"12","first_page":"84","last_page":"113"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14446","display_name":"Civil and Geotechnical Engineering Research","score":0.9986000061035156,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2200","display_name":"General Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14446","display_name":"Civil and Geotechnical Engineering Research","score":0.9986000061035156,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2200","display_name":"General Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11046","display_name":"Geotechnical Engineering and Analysis","score":0.9926000237464905,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2213","display_name":"Safety, Risk, Reliability and Quality"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13772","display_name":"Geomechanics and Mining Engineering","score":0.9768000245094299,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2211","display_name":"Mechanics of Materials"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/shield","display_name":"Shield","score":0.6277999877929688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deformation","display_name":"Deformation (meteorology)","score":0.5623999834060669},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/foundation","display_name":"Foundation (evidence)","score":0.49889999628067017},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/timoshenko-beam-theory","display_name":"Timoshenko beam theory","score":0.45509999990463257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/modulus","display_name":"Modulus","score":0.439300000667572},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stress","display_name":"Stress (linguistics)","score":0.43639999628067017},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tunnel-construction","display_name":"Tunnel construction","score":0.43320000171661377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/beam","display_name":"Beam (structure)","score":0.42080000042915344}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138081364","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q852013","display_name":"Shield","level":2,"score":0.6277999877929688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66938386","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q633538","display_name":"Structural engineering","level":1,"score":0.6011999845504761},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187320778","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1349130","display_name":"Geotechnical engineering","level":1,"score":0.582099974155426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204366326","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3027650","display_name":"Deformation (meteorology)","level":2,"score":0.5623999834060669},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780966255","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5474306","display_name":"Foundation (evidence)","level":2,"score":0.49889999628067017},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.48260000348091125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190699663","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2435044","display_name":"Timoshenko beam theory","level":3,"score":0.45509999990463257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C193867417","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6889814","display_name":"Modulus","level":2,"score":0.439300000667572},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21036866","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181767","display_name":"Stress (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.43639999628067017},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778906150","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2460103","display_name":"Tunnel construction","level":2,"score":0.43320000171661377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168834538","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3705329","display_name":"Beam (structure)","level":2,"score":0.42080000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21200559","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7451068","display_name":"Sensitivity (control systems)","level":2,"score":0.3682999908924103},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76969082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q486902","display_name":"Mathematical model","level":2,"score":0.31540000438690186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18109118","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5251702","display_name":"Deformation theory","level":2,"score":0.31130000948905945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C135628077","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q220184","display_name":"Finite element method","level":2,"score":0.28049999475479126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205951836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1147751","display_name":"Finite difference method","level":2,"score":0.27239999175071716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138211643","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q675211","display_name":"Bent molecular geometry","level":2,"score":0.27070000767707825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2987619373","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q130617","display_name":"Tunnel boring machine","level":2,"score":0.2651999890804291},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C181330731","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2068418","display_name":"Finite difference","level":2,"score":0.2623000144958496},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43486711","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192005","display_name":"Elastic modulus","level":2,"score":0.25850000977516174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.257099986076355}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1093/jcde/qwaf103","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jcde/qwaf103","pdf_url":"https://academic.oup.com/jcde/advance-article-pdf/doi/10.1093/jcde/qwaf103/64660489/qwaf103.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485147958","display_name":"Journal of Computational Design and Engineering","issn_l":"2288-4300","issn":["2288-4300","2288-5048"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Computational Design and Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1093/jcde/qwaf103","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jcde/qwaf103","pdf_url":"https://academic.oup.com/jcde/advance-article-pdf/doi/10.1093/jcde/qwaf103/64660489/qwaf103.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485147958","display_name":"Journal of Computational Design and Engineering","issn_l":"2288-4300","issn":["2288-4300","2288-5048"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Computational Design and Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3002761074","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2022JQ-435","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324173","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Shaanxi Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3388376069","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"300102282719","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","funder_display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4880993714","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2025JC-YBQN-767","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324173","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Shaanxi Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5110594865","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"42077248","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324173","display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Shaanxi Province","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4415105888.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":56,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1125616051","https://openalex.org/W1928611527","https://openalex.org/W1989614338","https://openalex.org/W1989799914","https://openalex.org/W1998069786","https://openalex.org/W2009142659","https://openalex.org/W2022864020","https://openalex.org/W2040907805","https://openalex.org/W2084726366","https://openalex.org/W2092094360","https://openalex.org/W2321059967","https://openalex.org/W2329577334","https://openalex.org/W2800628371","https://openalex.org/W2981431845","https://openalex.org/W2985702785","https://openalex.org/W3017396590","https://openalex.org/W3018631436","https://openalex.org/W3088021544","https://openalex.org/W3144062948","https://openalex.org/W3164111316","https://openalex.org/W3164184405","https://openalex.org/W3205887099","https://openalex.org/W4200625608","https://openalex.org/W4221065119","https://openalex.org/W4224215550","https://openalex.org/W4294864620","https://openalex.org/W4306645607","https://openalex.org/W4307442098","https://openalex.org/W4310245471","https://openalex.org/W4327593542","https://openalex.org/W4385748409","https://openalex.org/W4385773182","https://openalex.org/W4385814160","https://openalex.org/W4389827368","https://openalex.org/W4389895950","https://openalex.org/W4392180792","https://openalex.org/W4394946129","https://openalex.org/W4398792348","https://openalex.org/W4399564204","https://openalex.org/W4400617111","https://openalex.org/W4402913688","https://openalex.org/W4404228036","https://openalex.org/W4404629476","https://openalex.org/W4405246690","https://openalex.org/W4405264765","https://openalex.org/W4405287548","https://openalex.org/W4406097160","https://openalex.org/W4406410649","https://openalex.org/W4406844907","https://openalex.org/W4409171928","https://openalex.org/W4409236648","https://openalex.org/W4410911975","https://openalex.org/W4411011199","https://openalex.org/W4411716717","https://openalex.org/W4411896670","https://openalex.org/W4413109460"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"Surcharge":[1],"loading":[2,181],"compromises":[3],"the":[4,16,25,30,35,47,58,74,81,85,89,100,111,115,126,130,140,148,153,157,163,168,173,176,180,184,206],"original":[5],"stress":[6],"state":[7],"of":[8,46,60,88,132,152,166],"soil":[9,134],"strata,":[10],"generating":[11],"detrimental":[12],"additional":[13],"stresses":[14],"on":[15,34],"tunnel":[17,26,50,91,158,169,177,185,208],"that":[18,99,144],"critically":[19],"threaten":[20],"operational":[21],"safety.":[22],"Given":[23],"this,":[24],"is":[27,78,94],"equated":[28],"to":[29],"Timoshenko":[31],"beam":[32],"resting":[33],"three-parameter":[36],"Kerr":[37],"foundation":[38],"model":[39,128],"for":[40,84,203],"this":[41,72],"study.":[42],"The":[43,96,188],"theoretical":[44,106,127],"models":[45,107],"existing":[48,90,118,207],"shield":[49],"structural":[51],"response":[52],"under":[53,92,211],"surcharge,":[54],"considering":[55,129],"and":[56,65,121,150,172,179,196],"ignoring":[57],"impact":[59,131],"lateral":[61,133],"soil,":[62,167],"are":[63],"proposed":[64,105,189],"solved":[66],"using":[67],"finite":[68],"difference":[69],"method.":[70],"On":[71],"basis,":[73],"parameter":[75,141],"sensitivity":[76],"analysis":[77,142],"conducted.":[79],"Finally,":[80],"prediction":[82,190],"formula":[83,191],"vertical":[86],"deformation":[87,210],"surcharge":[93,154],"developed.":[95],"results":[97,102,113],"show":[98],"calculation":[101,137],"obtained":[103],"by":[104],"match":[108],"well":[109],"with":[110],"observation":[112],"from":[114],"finite-element":[116],"method,":[117,120],"analytical":[119],"field-measured":[122],"data.":[123],"In":[124],"particular,":[125],"has":[135,192],"higher":[136],"accuracy.":[138],"Meanwhile,":[139],"shows":[143],"an":[145],"increase":[146],"in":[147],"area":[149],"amount":[151],"causes":[155],"increasing":[156,162],"longitudinal":[159,186,209],"displacement.":[160,187],"Conversely,":[161],"elastic":[164],"modulus":[165],"buried":[170],"depth":[171],"distance":[174],"between":[175],"axis":[178],"center":[182],"decreases":[183],"sufficient":[193],"engineering":[194],"accuracy":[195],"can":[197],"serve":[198],"as":[199],"a":[200],"valuable":[201],"tool":[202],"quickly":[204],"calculating":[205],"surcharge.":[212]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-04-09T08:11:56.329763","created_date":"2025-10-13T00:00:00"}