{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4401057771","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jcde/qwae068","title":"An RNA evolutionary algorithm based on gradient descent for function optimization","display_name":"An RNA evolutionary algorithm based on gradient descent for function optimization","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-07-03","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4401057771","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jcde/qwae068"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1093/jcde/qwae068","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jcde/qwae068","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485147958","display_name":"Journal of Computational Design and Engineering","issn_l":"2288-4300","issn":["2288-4300","2288-5048"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Computational Design and Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jcde/qwae068","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019020601","display_name":"Qiuxuan Wu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5153-6524"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210141538","display_name":"State Marine Technical University of St. Petersburg","ror":"https://ror.org/03spdpm68","country_code":"RU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210141538"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I50760025","display_name":"Hangzhou Dianzi University","ror":"https://ror.org/0576gt767","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I50760025"]}],"countries":["CN","RU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qiuxuan Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["HDU-ITMO Joint Institute, Hangzhou Dianzi University , Hangzhou 310018 , China","Institute of Hydrodynamics and Control Processes, Saint-Petersburg State Marine Technical University , Saint Petersburg 190121 , Russia","International Joint Research Laboratory for Autonomous Robotic Systems, Hangzhou Dianzi University , Hangzhou 310018 , China","Institute of Hydrodynamics and Control Processes, Saint-Petersburg State Marine Technical University, Saint Petersburg, Russia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5153-6524","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"HDU-ITMO Joint Institute, Hangzhou Dianzi University , Hangzhou 310018 , China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I50760025"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Hydrodynamics and Control Processes, Saint-Petersburg State Marine Technical University , Saint Petersburg 190121 , Russia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210141538"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"International Joint Research Laboratory for Autonomous Robotic Systems, Hangzhou Dianzi University , Hangzhou 310018 , China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I50760025"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Hydrodynamics and Control Processes, Saint-Petersburg State Marine Technical University, Saint Petersburg, Russia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210141538"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101219548","display_name":"Zikai Zhao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-3711-185X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I50760025","display_name":"Hangzhou Dianzi University","ror":"https://ror.org/0576gt767","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I50760025"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zikai Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["HDU-ITMO Joint Institute, Hangzhou Dianzi University , Hangzhou 310018 , China","International Joint Research Laboratory for Autonomous Robotic Systems, Hangzhou Dianzi University , Hangzhou 310018 , China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"HDU-ITMO Joint Institute, Hangzhou Dianzi University , Hangzhou 310018 , China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I50760025"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"International Joint Research Laboratory for Autonomous Robotic Systems, Hangzhou Dianzi University , Hangzhou 310018 , China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I50760025"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100429437","display_name":"Mingming Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8931-7826"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I50760025","display_name":"Hangzhou Dianzi University","ror":"https://ror.org/0576gt767","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I50760025"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mingming Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["HDU-ITMO Joint Institute, Hangzhou Dianzi University , Hangzhou 310018 , China","International Joint Research Laboratory for Autonomous Robotic Systems, Hangzhou Dianzi University , Hangzhou 310018 , China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"HDU-ITMO Joint Institute, Hangzhou Dianzi University , Hangzhou 310018 , China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I50760025"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"International Joint Research Laboratory for Autonomous Robotic Systems, Hangzhou Dianzi University , Hangzhou 310018 , China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I50760025"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061679921","display_name":"Xiaoni Chi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0915-3911"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210125098","display_name":"Hangzhou Vocational and Technical College","ror":"https://ror.org/03jjm4b17","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210125098"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaoni Chi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Jeely Automative Institute, Hangzhou Vocational & Technical School , Hangzhou 310018 , China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Jeely Automative Institute, Hangzhou Vocational & Technical School , Hangzhou 310018 , China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210125098"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100666361","display_name":"Botao Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7826-3121"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I50760025","display_name":"Hangzhou Dianzi University","ror":"https://ror.org/0576gt767","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I50760025"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Botao Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["HDU-ITMO Joint Institute, Hangzhou Dianzi University , Hangzhou 310018 , China","International Joint Research Laboratory for Autonomous Robotic Systems, Hangzhou Dianzi University , Hangzhou 310018 , China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"HDU-ITMO Joint Institute, Hangzhou Dianzi University , Hangzhou 310018 , China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I50760025"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"International Joint Research Laboratory for Autonomous Robotic Systems, Hangzhou Dianzi University , Hangzhou 310018 , China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I50760025"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100632535","display_name":"Jian Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4593-5809"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I50760025","display_name":"Hangzhou Dianzi University","ror":"https://ror.org/0576gt767","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I50760025"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jian Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["HDU-ITMO Joint Institute, Hangzhou Dianzi University , Hangzhou 310018 , China","International Joint Research Laboratory for Autonomous Robotic Systems, Hangzhou Dianzi University , Hangzhou 310018 , China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"HDU-ITMO Joint Institute, Hangzhou Dianzi University , Hangzhou 310018 , China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I50760025"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"International Joint Research Laboratory for Autonomous Robotic Systems, Hangzhou Dianzi University , Hangzhou 310018 , China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I50760025"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026194474","display_name":"Anton Zhilenkov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1555-1318"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210141538","display_name":"State Marine Technical University of St. Petersburg","ror":"https://ror.org/03spdpm68","country_code":"RU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210141538"]}],"countries":["RU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Anton A Zhilenkov","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Hydrodynamics and Control Processes, Saint-Petersburg State Marine Technical University , Saint Petersburg 190121 , Russia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Hydrodynamics and Control Processes, Saint-Petersburg State Marine Technical University , Saint Petersburg 190121 , Russia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210141538"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060426096","display_name":"Sergey A. Chepinskiy","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0193-8688"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I173089394","display_name":"ITMO University","ror":"https://ror.org/04txgxn49","country_code":"RU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I173089394"]}],"countries":["RU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sergey A Chepinskiy","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Control Systems and Robotics, ITMO University , Saint Petersburg 197101 , Russia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Control Systems and Robotics, ITMO University , Saint Petersburg 197101 , Russia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I173089394"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1650,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1650},"apc_paid":{"value":1650,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1650},"fwci":0.2778,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.60525161,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":"11","issue":"4","first_page":"332","last_page":"357"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10100","display_name":"Metaheuristic Optimization Algorithms Research","score":0.5282999873161316,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10100","display_name":"Metaheuristic Optimization Algorithms Research","score":0.5282999873161316,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10848","display_name":"Advanced Multi-Objective Optimization Algorithms","score":0.4690999984741211,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gradient-descent","display_name":"Gradient descent","score":0.5769393444061279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/function","display_name":"Function (biology)","score":0.5090438723564148},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.48917821049690247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4320535659790039},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/descent","display_name":"Descent (aeronautics)","score":0.4318116307258606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/evolutionary-algorithm","display_name":"Evolutionary algorithm","score":0.418771892786026},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-optimization","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","score":0.40804821252822876},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.3724204897880554},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.22389420866966248},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.17532476782798767},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.1115250289440155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biology","display_name":"Biology","score":0.10306888818740845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/evolutionary-biology","display_name":"Evolutionary biology","score":0.07501581311225891}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153258448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1199743","display_name":"Gradient descent","level":3,"score":0.5769393444061279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14036430","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3736076","display_name":"Function (biology)","level":2,"score":0.5090438723564148},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.48917821049690247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4320535659790039},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776637919","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q624380","display_name":"Descent (aeronautics)","level":2,"score":0.4318116307258606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159149176","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14489129","display_name":"Evolutionary algorithm","level":2,"score":0.418771892786026},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.40804821252822876},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.3724204897880554},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.22389420866966248},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.17532476782798767},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.1115250289440155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.10306888818740845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78458016","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q840400","display_name":"Evolutionary biology","level":1,"score":0.07501581311225891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146978453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3798668","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1093/jcde/qwae068","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jcde/qwae068","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485147958","display_name":"Journal of Computational Design and Engineering","issn_l":"2288-4300","issn":["2288-4300","2288-5048"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Computational Design and Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1093/jcde/qwae068","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jcde/qwae068","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485147958","display_name":"Journal of Computational Design and Engineering","issn_l":"2288-4300","issn":["2288-4300","2288-5048"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Computational Design and Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G287604305","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"GK229909299001-004","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4554350417","funder_display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Provincial Universities of Zhejiang"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4554350417","display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Provincial Universities of Zhejiang","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":55,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W90540318","https://openalex.org/W126745105","https://openalex.org/W225560312","https://openalex.org/W1920764768","https://openalex.org/W1973740432","https://openalex.org/W1975987798","https://openalex.org/W2061438946","https://openalex.org/W2072955302","https://openalex.org/W2082772206","https://openalex.org/W2119043706","https://openalex.org/W2145479420","https://openalex.org/W2146502635","https://openalex.org/W2168556168","https://openalex.org/W2288517616","https://openalex.org/W2290883490","https://openalex.org/W2376557535","https://openalex.org/W2584119522","https://openalex.org/W2611371469","https://openalex.org/W2806848913","https://openalex.org/W2956014179","https://openalex.org/W2987662691","https://openalex.org/W3005327438","https://openalex.org/W3006962907","https://openalex.org/W3163903840","https://openalex.org/W3201929238","https://openalex.org/W4200120359","https://openalex.org/W4281254196","https://openalex.org/W4288697324","https://openalex.org/W4292083457","https://openalex.org/W4292794652","https://openalex.org/W4293154685","https://openalex.org/W4310004251","https://openalex.org/W4318952381","https://openalex.org/W4319069705","https://openalex.org/W4361793154","https://openalex.org/W4377137792","https://openalex.org/W4380442259","https://openalex.org/W4388205537","https://openalex.org/W4391043774","https://openalex.org/W4391115957","https://openalex.org/W4391250432","https://openalex.org/W4399025700","https://openalex.org/W6608886761","https://openalex.org/W6631190155","https://openalex.org/W6643725303","https://openalex.org/W6681435938","https://openalex.org/W6689472425","https://openalex.org/W6737812315","https://openalex.org/W6741663963","https://openalex.org/W6752044982","https://openalex.org/W6770176259","https://openalex.org/W6800582381","https://openalex.org/W6802045617","https://openalex.org/W6842397829","https://openalex.org/W6980851251"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2486267010","https://openalex.org/W4298096494","https://openalex.org/W1678820847","https://openalex.org/W2559216629","https://openalex.org/W1553684505","https://openalex.org/W1607707911","https://openalex.org/W2037211941","https://openalex.org/W2042403445","https://openalex.org/W2015288657","https://openalex.org/W2887328214"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"The":[1,135],"optimization":[2,186,298],"of":[3,85,97,118,125,138,155,217,221,231,234,266,270],"numerical":[4],"functions":[5,233],"with":[6,14,178,199,213,239,262],"multiple":[7],"independent":[8],"variables":[9],"was":[10,60,73],"a":[11,56,62,76,141,160,165],"significant":[12,282],"challenge":[13],"numerous":[15],"practical":[16],"applications":[17],"in":[18,34,49,121,152,303],"process":[19],"control":[20],"systems,":[21],"data":[22],"fitting,":[23],"and":[24,44,106,127,159,201,254],"engineering":[25],"designs.":[26],"Although":[27],"RNA":[28,65,98,146,189],"genetic":[29,66,147],"algorithms":[30,148,182,241,294],"offer":[31],"clear":[32],"benefits":[33],"function":[35,185,297,304],"optimization,":[36],"including":[37],"rapid":[38],"convergence,":[39],"they":[40],"have":[41],"low":[42],"accuracy":[43],"can":[45],"easily":[46],"become":[47],"trapped":[48],"local":[50,82,133],"optima.":[51,134],"To":[52],"address":[53],"these":[54],"issues,":[55],"new":[57,90],"heuristic":[58,240],"algorithm":[59,120,136,278],"proposed,":[61],"gradient":[63,167],"descent-based":[64],"algorithm.":[67,87],"Specifically,":[68],"adaptive":[69,166],"moment":[70],"estimation":[71],"(Adam)":[72],"employed":[74],"as":[75,243],"mutation":[77,109,169],"operator":[78,105],"to":[79,130,149,170,224,273],"improve":[80],"the":[81,86,94,114,119,122,153,156,173,179,214,225,229,235,263,274],"development":[83],"ability":[84,117],"Additionally,":[88],"two":[89,139],"operators":[91,112],"inspired":[92],"by":[93],"inner-loop":[95,103,108],"structure":[96],"molecules":[99],"were":[100],"introduced:":[101],"an":[102,107,218,267],"crossover":[104],"operator.":[110],"These":[111],"enhance":[113,172],"global":[115],"exploration":[116],"early":[123],"stages":[124],"evolution":[126],"enable":[128],"it":[129],"escape":[131],"from":[132],"consists":[137],"stages:":[140],"pre-evolutionary":[142],"stage":[143,162],"that":[144,163],"employs":[145],"identify":[150],"individuals":[151],"vicinity":[154],"optimal":[157,195],"region":[158],"post-evolutionary":[161],"applies":[164],"descent":[168],"further":[171],"solution\u2019s":[174],"quality.":[175],"When":[176],"compared":[177,238],"current":[180,292],"advanced":[181,293],"for":[183,295],"solving":[184,296],"problems,":[187,299],"Adam":[188,209,258],"Genetic":[190,202],"Algorithm":[191,203],"(RNA-GA)":[192],"produced":[193],"better":[194],"solutions.":[196],"In":[197,228],"comparison":[198],"RNA-GA":[200,210,259,285],"(GA)":[204],"across":[205],"17":[206],"benchmark":[207],"functions,":[208],"ranked":[211,260],"first":[212,261],"best":[215,264],"result":[216,265],"average":[219,268],"rank":[220,269],"1.58":[222],"according":[223,272],"Friedman":[226,275],"test.":[227,276],"set":[230],"29":[232],"CEC2017":[236],"suite,":[237],"such":[242],"African":[244],"Vulture":[245],"Optimization":[246,252],"Algorithm,":[247,253],"Dung":[248],"Beetle":[249],"Optimization,":[250],"Whale":[251],"Grey":[255],"Wolf":[256],"Optimizer,":[257],"1.724":[271],"Our":[277],"not":[279],"only":[280],"achieved":[281],"improvements":[283],"over":[284],"but":[286],"also":[287],"performed":[288],"excellently":[289],"among":[290],"various":[291],"achieving":[300],"high":[301],"precision":[302],"optimization.":[305]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
