{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4360837532","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jcde/qwad023","title":"Automated topology design to improve the susceptibility of naval ships using geometric deep learning","display_name":"Automated topology design to improve the susceptibility of naval ships using geometric deep learning","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-03-10","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4360837532","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jcde/qwad023"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1093/jcde/qwad023","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jcde/qwad023","pdf_url":"https://academic.oup.com/jcde/advance-article-pdf/doi/10.1093/jcde/qwad023/49614178/qwad023.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485147958","display_name":"Journal of Computational Design and Engineering","issn_l":"2288-4300","issn":["2288-4300","2288-5048"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Computational Design and Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://academic.oup.com/jcde/advance-article-pdf/doi/10.1093/jcde/qwad023/49614178/qwad023.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110549093","display_name":"Joon-Tae Hwang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139264467","display_name":"Seoul National University","ror":"https://ror.org/04h9pn542","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139264467"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Joon-Tae Hwang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering, Seoul National University , Seoul 08826 , Republic of Korea","Institute of Engineering Research, Seoul National University , Seoul 08826 , Republic of Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering, Seoul National University , Seoul 08826 , Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139264467"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Engineering Research, Seoul National University , Seoul 08826 , Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139264467"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102766798","display_name":"Suk-Yoon Hong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5520-7047"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139264467","display_name":"Seoul National University","ror":"https://ror.org/04h9pn542","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139264467"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Suk-Yoon Hong","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering, Seoul National University , Seoul 08826 , Republic of Korea","Institute of Engineering Research, Seoul National University , Seoul 08826 , Republic of Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering, Seoul National University , Seoul 08826 , Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139264467"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Engineering Research, Seoul National University , Seoul 08826 , Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139264467"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056586583","display_name":"Jee-Hun Song","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0718-137X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I111277659","display_name":"Chonnam National University","ror":"https://ror.org/05kzjxq56","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I111277659"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jee-Hun Song","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering, Chonnam National University , Yeosu 59626 , Republic of Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0718-137X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering, Chonnam National University , Yeosu 59626 , Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I111277659"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5056586583","https://openalex.org/A5102766798"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I111277659","https://openalex.org/I139264467"],"apc_list":{"value":1650,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1650},"apc_paid":{"value":1650,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1650},"fwci":1.3306,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":7,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.82895044,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"10","issue":"2","first_page":"794","last_page":"808"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10848","display_name":"Advanced Multi-Objective Optimization Algorithms","score":0.8109999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10848","display_name":"Advanced Multi-Objective Optimization Algorithms","score":0.8109999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12086","display_name":"Structural Integrity and Reliability Analysis","score":0.7850000262260437,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11604","display_name":"Ship Hydrodynamics and Maneuverability","score":0.7786999940872192,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2212","display_name":"Ocean Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/survivability","display_name":"Survivability","score":0.7601239681243896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/topology","display_name":"Topology (electrical circuits)","score":0.593677818775177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/polygon-mesh","display_name":"Polygon mesh","score":0.48712754249572754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolutional-neural-network","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","score":0.47299084067344666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/network-topology","display_name":"Network topology","score":0.4631032645702362},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/matrix","display_name":"Matrix (chemical analysis)","score":0.45922958850860596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"Deep learning","score":0.4531670808792114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.44821375608444214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.44528618454933167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radar-cross-section","display_name":"Radar cross-section","score":0.42895859479904175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reduction","display_name":"Reduction (mathematics)","score":0.4185764491558075},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/point","display_name":"Point (geometry)","score":0.41006237268447876},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.38373422622680664},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radar","display_name":"Radar","score":0.2667788565158844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.16099315881729126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.14818930625915527},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/aerospace-engineering","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","score":0.11452645063400269},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geometry","display_name":"Geometry","score":0.1046271026134491},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.0960240364074707}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781133158","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1088669","display_name":"Survivability","level":2,"score":0.7601239681243896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184720557","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7825049","display_name":"Topology (electrical circuits)","level":2,"score":0.593677818775177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31487907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1154597","display_name":"Polygon mesh","level":2,"score":0.48712754249572754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81363708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084460","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","level":2,"score":0.47299084067344666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199845137","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q145490","display_name":"Network topology","level":2,"score":0.4631032645702362},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106487976","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q685816","display_name":"Matrix (chemical analysis)","level":2,"score":0.45922958850860596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.4531670808792114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.44821375608444214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.44528618454933167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C101457746","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q560430","display_name":"Radar cross-section","level":3,"score":0.42895859479904175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111335779","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3454686","display_name":"Reduction (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.4185764491558075},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28719098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44946","display_name":"Point (geometry)","level":2,"score":0.41006237268447876},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.38373422622680664},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C554190296","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47528","display_name":"Radar","level":2,"score":0.2667788565158844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.16099315881729126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.14818930625915527},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146978453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3798668","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","level":1,"score":0.11452645063400269},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.1046271026134491},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0960240364074707},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159985019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790","display_name":"Composite material","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121684516","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7600677","display_name":"Computer graphics (images)","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1093/jcde/qwad023","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jcde/qwad023","pdf_url":"https://academic.oup.com/jcde/advance-article-pdf/doi/10.1093/jcde/qwad023/49614178/qwad023.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485147958","display_name":"Journal of Computational Design and Engineering","issn_l":"2288-4300","issn":["2288-4300","2288-5048"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Computational Design and Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1093/jcde/qwad023","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jcde/qwad023","pdf_url":"https://academic.oup.com/jcde/advance-article-pdf/doi/10.1093/jcde/qwad023/49614178/qwad023.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485147958","display_name":"Journal of Computational Design and Engineering","issn_l":"2288-4300","issn":["2288-4300","2288-5048"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Computational Design and Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4843895692","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2021R1F1A1059914","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321408","funder_display_name":"Ministry of Education"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321408","display_name":"Ministry of Education","ror":"https://ror.org/01p262204"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322120","display_name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","ror":"https://ror.org/013aysd81"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322349","display_name":"Ministry of Education, Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01p262204"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320336769","display_name":"Institute of Engineering Research, Seoul National University","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4360837532.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":21,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W129869289","https://openalex.org/W613209737","https://openalex.org/W1552456672","https://openalex.org/W1553797634","https://openalex.org/W2060969390","https://openalex.org/W2073086236","https://openalex.org/W2085892220","https://openalex.org/W2140325252","https://openalex.org/W2283345470","https://openalex.org/W2496993007","https://openalex.org/W2975710348","https://openalex.org/W2977495939","https://openalex.org/W3137462361","https://openalex.org/W4206766746","https://openalex.org/W4210357211","https://openalex.org/W4234552385","https://openalex.org/W6748766207","https://openalex.org/W6775751088","https://openalex.org/W6810361262","https://openalex.org/W6902761687","https://openalex.org/W6910685788"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2387494004","https://openalex.org/W2162492390","https://openalex.org/W2350417149","https://openalex.org/W2545190132","https://openalex.org/W2105280038","https://openalex.org/W212597372","https://openalex.org/W2114587117","https://openalex.org/W2151533375","https://openalex.org/W2165219878","https://openalex.org/W2358924047"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"The":[1,186],"survivability":[2,52],"of":[3,30,44,53,83,126,143,159,218],"a":[4,16,21,37,62,70,163,183],"naval":[5,54,128],"ship":[6,129],"is":[7,42,61,74],"defined":[8,190],"as":[9,117,136,152,162,182,191],"its":[10],"ability":[11,82],"to":[12,49,85],"evade":[13,86],"or":[14],"withstand":[15],"hostile":[17],"environment":[18],"while":[19],"performing":[20],"given":[22],"mission.":[23],"Stealth":[24],"technology,":[25],"which":[26,73],"reduces":[27],"the":[28,45,51,75,81,118,123,127,141,156,160,173,176,192,197,202,209,219,223],"probability":[29],"detection":[31,34,40,88],"by":[32,102],"enemy":[33,87],"equipment":[35,132],"using":[36,208],"highly":[38],"advanced":[39],"system,":[41,211],"one":[43],"most":[46],"important":[47,64],"technologies":[48],"improve":[50],"ships.":[55],"Moreover,":[56],"radar":[57],"cross-section":[58],"(RCS)":[59],"reduction":[60],"very":[63],"factor":[65],"in":[66],"stealth":[67],"technology":[68],"because":[69],"small":[71],"RCS,":[72],"main":[76],"parameter":[77],"determining":[78],"susceptibility,":[79],"improves":[80],"ships":[84],"equipment.":[89],"In":[90],"this":[91],"study,":[92],"an":[93],"automated":[94],"topology":[95,108,203],"design":[96,204],"for":[97,140,205],"reducing":[98,206],"susceptibility":[99,207],"was":[100,115,180,213],"developed":[101,210],"combining":[103],"geometric":[104,119],"deep":[105],"learning":[106],"and":[107,122,131,172,178,222],"optimization.":[109],"A":[110],"convolutional":[111],"neural":[112],"network":[113],"model":[114,221],"used":[116,135,151],"deep-learning":[120],"model,":[121],"triangular":[124],"meshes":[125,148],"models":[130,133],"were":[134,149,169,189],"datasets.":[137,153],"To":[138,154],"compensate":[139],"lack":[142],"training":[144],"data,":[145],"randomly":[146],"generated":[147],"additionally":[150],"express":[155],"feature":[157],"data":[158,188],"mesh":[161],"matrix,":[164],"points":[165],"at":[166],"equal":[167],"intervals":[168],"projected":[170],"orthogonally":[171],"distance":[174],"between":[175],"plane":[177],"point":[179],"set":[181],"matrix":[184],"value.":[185],"label":[187],"highest":[193],"RCS":[194,216],"values":[195],"excluding":[196],"cardinal":[198],"points.":[199],"After":[200],"realizing":[201],"verification":[212],"performed":[214],"through":[215],"analysis":[217],"original":[220],"topology-designed":[224],"model.":[225]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T09:19:25.381259","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
