{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4309331287","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jcde/qwac123","title":"Variable indexing method in rule documents for ship design using extraction of portable document format elements","display_name":"Variable indexing method in rule documents for ship design using extraction of portable document format elements","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-11-16","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4309331287","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jcde/qwac123"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1093/jcde/qwac123","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jcde/qwac123","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485147958","display_name":"Journal of Computational Design and Engineering","issn_l":"2288-4300","issn":["2288-4300","2288-5048"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Computational Design and Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jcde/qwac123","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009781560","display_name":"Min-Chul Kong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0976-2621"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139264467","display_name":"Seoul National University","ror":"https://ror.org/04h9pn542","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139264467"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Min-Chul Kong","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering, Seoul National University , Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0976-2621","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering, Seoul National University , Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139264467"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025176891","display_name":"Myung-Il Roh","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7972-6848"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139264467","display_name":"Seoul National University","ror":"https://ror.org/04h9pn542","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139264467"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Myung-Il Roh","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering, Seoul National University , Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea","Research Institute of Marine Systems Engineering, Seoul National University , Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826 , Republic of Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7972-6848","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering, Seoul National University , Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139264467"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Research Institute of Marine Systems Engineering, Seoul National University , Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826 , Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139264467"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101844461","display_name":"Ki-Su Kim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3058-8661"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I40542001","display_name":"University of Ulsan","ror":"https://ror.org/02c2f8975","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I40542001"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ki-Su Kim","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering, University of Ulsan , Nam-gu, Ulsan, 44610, Republic of Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering, University of Ulsan , Nam-gu, Ulsan, 44610, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40542001"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101424787","display_name":"Jong-Oh Kim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4787-5504"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210095773","display_name":"Korean Register (South Korea)","ror":"https://ror.org/01jwfv926","country_code":"KR","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210095773"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jongoh Kim","raw_affiliation_strings":["ICT Solution Team, Korean Register , Gangseo-gu, Busan, 46762, Republic of Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"ICT Solution Team, Korean Register , Gangseo-gu, Busan, 46762, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210095773"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085265117","display_name":"Ju\u2010Sung Kim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7227-3345"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210095773","display_name":"Korean Register (South Korea)","ror":"https://ror.org/01jwfv926","country_code":"KR","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210095773"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ju-Sung Kim","raw_affiliation_strings":["ICT Solution Team, Korean Register , Gangseo-gu, Busan, 46762, Republic of Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"ICT Solution Team, Korean Register , Gangseo-gu, Busan, 46762, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210095773"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050286302","display_name":"Hogyun Park","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210095773","display_name":"Korean Register (South Korea)","ror":"https://ror.org/01jwfv926","country_code":"KR","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210095773"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hogyun Park","raw_affiliation_strings":["ICT Solution Team, Korean Register , Gangseo-gu, Busan, 46762, Republic of Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"ICT Solution Team, Korean Register , Gangseo-gu, Busan, 46762, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210095773"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5025176891"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139264467"],"apc_list":{"value":1650,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1650},"apc_paid":{"value":1650,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1650},"fwci":0.5804,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":6,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.60913231,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"9","issue":"6","first_page":"2556","last_page":"2573"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12086","display_name":"Structural Integrity and Reliability Analysis","score":0.9589999914169312,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12086","display_name":"Structural Integrity and Reliability Analysis","score":0.9589999914169312,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11622","display_name":"Maritime Navigation and Safety","score":0.9236000180244446,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2212","display_name":"Ocean Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14412","display_name":"Marine and Coastal Research","score":0.9138000011444092,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2212","display_name":"Ocean Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6085458993911743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/table","display_name":"Table (database)","score":0.5727799534797668},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/search-engine-indexing","display_name":"Search engine indexing","score":0.5678549408912659},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.5495728850364685},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-retrieval","display_name":"Information retrieval","score":0.5394871830940247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/variable","display_name":"Variable (mathematics)","score":0.5293850302696228},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/confusion","display_name":"Confusion","score":0.48381417989730835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/component","display_name":"Component (thermodynamics)","score":0.4431934952735901},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/levenshtein-distance","display_name":"Levenshtein distance","score":0.4410881996154785},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/shipbuilding","display_name":"Shipbuilding","score":0.4362730085849762},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/disk-formatting","display_name":"Disk formatting","score":0.4201197624206543},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.25626885890960693},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.15454238653182983}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6085458993911743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45235069","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q278425","display_name":"Table (database)","level":2,"score":0.5727799534797668},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75165309","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2258979","display_name":"Search engine indexing","level":2,"score":0.5678549408912659},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.5495728850364685},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23123220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q816826","display_name":"Information retrieval","level":1,"score":0.5394871830940247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C182365436","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q50701","display_name":"Variable (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.5293850302696228},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781140086","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q557945","display_name":"Confusion","level":2,"score":0.48381417989730835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168167062","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1117970","display_name":"Component (thermodynamics)","level":2,"score":0.4431934952735901},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777515626","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q496939","display_name":"Levenshtein distance","level":2,"score":0.4410881996154785},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C65542768","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q474200","display_name":"Shipbuilding","level":2,"score":0.4362730085849762},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C88006597","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q690117","display_name":"Disk formatting","level":2,"score":0.4201197624206543},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.25626885890960693},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.15454238653182983},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11171543","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41630","display_name":"Psychoanalysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95457728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q309","display_name":"History","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97355855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11473","display_name":"Thermodynamics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1093/jcde/qwac123","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jcde/qwac123","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485147958","display_name":"Journal of Computational Design and Engineering","issn_l":"2288-4300","issn":["2288-4300","2288-5048"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Computational Design and Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1093/jcde/qwac123","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jcde/qwac123","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485147958","display_name":"Journal of Computational Design and Engineering","issn_l":"2288-4300","issn":["2288-4300","2288-5048"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Computational Design and Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321292","display_name":"Seoul National University","ror":"https://ror.org/04h9pn542"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":28,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W639708223","https://openalex.org/W1614298861","https://openalex.org/W1647671624","https://openalex.org/W2075538966","https://openalex.org/W2493916176","https://openalex.org/W2607303097","https://openalex.org/W2757260885","https://openalex.org/W2789330408","https://openalex.org/W2914181088","https://openalex.org/W2945387139","https://openalex.org/W2974789654","https://openalex.org/W3115318646","https://openalex.org/W3124763077","https://openalex.org/W3129512586","https://openalex.org/W3158161591","https://openalex.org/W3194892992","https://openalex.org/W3203184946","https://openalex.org/W4205257296","https://openalex.org/W4287826062","https://openalex.org/W6630526561","https://openalex.org/W6631501603","https://openalex.org/W6636510571","https://openalex.org/W6636915900","https://openalex.org/W6650820226","https://openalex.org/W6676673755","https://openalex.org/W6748296288","https://openalex.org/W6775072713","https://openalex.org/W6789562525"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4244466418","https://openalex.org/W2104062382","https://openalex.org/W2162878363","https://openalex.org/W2389021890","https://openalex.org/W2479325685","https://openalex.org/W4245101192","https://openalex.org/W2146588098","https://openalex.org/W3183791698","https://openalex.org/W3111710556","https://openalex.org/W2480873127"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"Design":[1],"rules":[2,27,44,89,108,120],"for":[3,81,130],"ships":[4],"have":[5],"become":[6],"more":[7],"extensive":[8],"and":[9,22,69,90,116,154,220,256],"detailed":[10],"due":[11,36],"to":[12,37,86,124,135,148,162,184,213,226],"an":[13],"increase":[14],"in":[15,25,84,234,253],"the":[16,26,67,73,88,152,156,160,164,168,174,179,185,190,198,205,215,235,241,248,259,262],"sizes":[17],"of":[18,72,97,187,197,200,218,240],"ships.":[19],"Several":[20],"variables":[21,83,192],"equations":[23],"used":[24,144,233],"are":[28,45,121,231],"complex,":[29],"thereby":[30],"impeding":[31],"their":[32,38],"review":[33,70,87],"by":[34,246],"reviewers":[35],"voluminosity.":[39],"In":[40],"addition,":[41],"because":[42],"these":[43,52,107,119],"constantly":[46,65],"revised,":[47],"professional":[48],"investigators":[49],"may":[50],"miss":[51],"changes.":[53],"To":[54],"prevent":[55],"such":[56,112],"confusion,":[57],"a":[58,79,98,125,145,208],"shipping":[59],"register,":[60],"which":[61,172,230],"approves":[62],"ship":[63],"drawings,":[64],"automates":[66],"search":[68],"processes":[71],"rules.":[74],"Consequently,":[75],"this":[76],"study":[77,143,223],"proposes":[78],"method":[80,243],"recognizing":[82],"documents":[85],"build":[91],"relationships":[92],"between":[93,159,176,261],"variables.":[94,165,263],"Each":[95],"component":[96,138],"document":[99,105,127,180],"must":[100],"be":[101],"accurately":[102],"identified.":[103],"The":[104,238],"containing":[106],"includes":[109],"different":[110],"components":[111],"as":[113,139],"equations,":[114,216],"figures,":[115],"strings.":[117],"Because":[118],"mainly":[122],"converted":[123],"portable":[126],"format":[128],"(PDF)":[129],"compatibility,":[131],"it":[132,225],"is":[133],"challenging":[134],"extract":[136,149],"each":[137],"raw":[140],"data.":[141],"This":[142,222],"public":[146],"library":[147],"elements":[150,161],"from":[151],"PDF":[153],"utilized":[155],"positional":[157],"relationship":[158,260],"identify":[163],"By":[166],"applying":[167],"Levenshtein":[169],"distance":[170],"algorithm,":[171],"compares":[173],"differences":[175],"two":[177],"strings,":[178],"was":[181,211,244],"partitioned":[182],"following":[183],"table":[186,199],"contents.":[188],"Hence,":[189],"identified":[191],"were":[193],"indexed":[194,206],"into":[195],"sections":[196],"content.":[201],"Additionally,":[202],"based":[203],"on":[204],"information,":[207],"data":[209],"structure":[210],"proposed":[212,242],"show":[214],"definition":[217],"variables,":[219],"relationships.":[221],"applied":[224],"common":[227],"structural":[228],"rules,":[229],"widely":[232],"shipbuilding":[236],"industry.":[237],"effectiveness":[239],"confirmed":[245],"achieving":[247],"F1":[249],"score":[250],"=":[251],"0.93":[252],"variable":[254],"recognition":[255],"intuitively":[257],"visualizing":[258]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-18T08:10:14.011955","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}