{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2990750438","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jamia/ocz196","title":"Using electronic health record audit logs to study clinical activity: a systematic review of aims, measures, and methods","display_name":"Using electronic health record audit logs to study clinical activity: a systematic review of aims, measures, and methods","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-10-18","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2990750438","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jamia/ocz196","mag":"2990750438","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31750912"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1093/jamia/ocz196","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jamia/ocz196","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S129839026","display_name":"Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association","issn_l":"1067-5027","issn":["1067-5027","1527-974X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"review","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/7025338","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026668228","display_name":"Adam Rule","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2441-3320"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165690674","display_name":"Oregon Health & Science University","ror":"https://ror.org/009avj582","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165690674"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Adam Rule","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Medical Informatics and Clinical Epidemiology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Medical Informatics and Clinical Epidemiology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165690674"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054028651","display_name":"Michael F. Chiang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8172-7636"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165690674","display_name":"Oregon Health & Science University","ror":"https://ror.org/009avj582","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165690674"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Michael F Chiang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Medical Informatics and Clinical Epidemiology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA","Department of Ophthalmology, Casey Eye Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Medical Informatics and Clinical Epidemiology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165690674"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Ophthalmology, Casey Eye Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165690674"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043005198","display_name":"Michelle R. Hribar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1724-1858"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165690674","display_name":"Oregon Health & Science University","ror":"https://ror.org/009avj582","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165690674"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Michelle R Hribar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Medical Informatics and Clinical Epidemiology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA","Department of Ophthalmology, Casey Eye Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Medical Informatics and Clinical Epidemiology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165690674"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Ophthalmology, Casey Eye Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165690674"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5026668228"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165690674"],"apc_list":{"value":3967,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3967},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":20.8994,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":124,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9931148,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"27","issue":"3","first_page":"480","last_page":"490"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10350","display_name":"Electronic Health Records Systems","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3605","display_name":"Health Information Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/36","display_name":"Health Professions"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10350","display_name":"Electronic Health Records Systems","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3605","display_name":"Health Information Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/36","display_name":"Health Professions"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11722","display_name":"Patient Satisfaction in Healthcare","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3600","display_name":"General Health Professions"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/36","display_name":"Health Professions"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12918","display_name":"Healthcare Systems and Technology","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1407","display_name":"Organizational Behavior and Human Resource Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/audit","display_name":"Audit","score":0.862096905708313},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/workflow","display_name":"Workflow","score":0.6184689998626709},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.526580274105072},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-health-record","display_name":"Electronic health record","score":0.5041719675064087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/observational-study","display_name":"Observational study","score":0.484971284866333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/consistency","display_name":"Consistency (knowledge bases)","score":0.4799673557281494},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/health-records","display_name":"Health records","score":0.43723464012145996},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scale","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","score":0.4318810999393463},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/health-care","display_name":"Health care","score":0.36718541383743286},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.3004506826400757},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/accounting","display_name":"Accounting","score":0.21539363265037537},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/database","display_name":"Database","score":0.19214022159576416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/business","display_name":"Business","score":0.11545366048812866},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.11237171292304993}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199521495","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181487","display_name":"Audit","level":2,"score":0.862096905708313},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177212765","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q627335","display_name":"Workflow","level":2,"score":0.6184689998626709},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.526580274105072},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3020144179","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10871684","display_name":"Electronic health record","level":3,"score":0.5041719675064087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23131810","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q818574","display_name":"Observational study","level":2,"score":0.484971284866333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776436953","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5163215","display_name":"Consistency (knowledge bases)","level":2,"score":0.4799673557281494},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3019952477","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1324077","display_name":"Health records","level":3,"score":0.43723464012145996},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778755073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10858537","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","level":2,"score":0.4318810999393463},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160735492","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q31207","display_name":"Health care","level":2,"score":0.36718541383743286},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.3004506826400757},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121955636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4116214","display_name":"Accounting","level":1,"score":0.21539363265037537},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77088390","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8513","display_name":"Database","level":1,"score":0.19214022159576416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.11545366048812866},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.11237171292304993},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50522688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189833","display_name":"Economic growth","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D006302","descriptor_name":"Health Services Research","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006302","descriptor_name":"Health Services Research","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006302","descriptor_name":"Health Services Research","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008330","descriptor_name":"Management Audit","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008330","descriptor_name":"Management Audit","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008330","descriptor_name":"Management Audit","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D013647","descriptor_name":"Task Performance and Analysis","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D013647","descriptor_name":"Task Performance and Analysis","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D013647","descriptor_name":"Task Performance and Analysis","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D057188","descriptor_name":"Workflow","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D057188","descriptor_name":"Workflow","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D057188","descriptor_name":"Workflow","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D057286","descriptor_name":"Electronic Health Records","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D057286","descriptor_name":"Electronic Health Records","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D057286","descriptor_name":"Electronic Health Records","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1093/jamia/ocz196","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jamia/ocz196","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S129839026","display_name":"Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association","issn_l":"1067-5027","issn":["1067-5027","1527-974X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:31750912","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31750912","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association : JAMIA","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:7025338","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/7025338","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"J Am Med Inform Assoc","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:7025338","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/7025338","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"J Am Med Inform Assoc","raw_type":"Text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4829890041","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"P30EY10572","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","funder_display_name":"National Institutes of Health"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6669953252","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"R00LM12238","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","funder_display_name":"National Institutes of Health"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G679745739","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"T15LM007088","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","funder_display_name":"National Institutes of Health"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","display_name":"National Institutes of Health","ror":"https://ror.org/01cwqze88"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":139,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W177130145","https://openalex.org/W194032929","https://openalex.org/W297273207","https://openalex.org/W1025224700","https://openalex.org/W1517196187","https://openalex.org/W1603142339","https://openalex.org/W1800226305","https://openalex.org/W1822376179","https://openalex.org/W1827580104","https://openalex.org/W1828865612","https://openalex.org/W1880759882","https://openalex.org/W1916701692","https://openalex.org/W1967517608","https://openalex.org/W1975357649","https://openalex.org/W1976088676","https://openalex.org/W1983857523","https://openalex.org/W1995420119","https://openalex.org/W2010819861","https://openalex.org/W2043659496","https://openalex.org/W2050756900","https://openalex.org/W2055548125","https://openalex.org/W2078449858","https://openalex.org/W2079023601","https://openalex.org/W2093399148","https://openalex.org/W2097141420","https://openalex.org/W2097330050","https://openalex.org/W2097712921","https://openalex.org/W2102704809","https://openalex.org/W2105845907","https://openalex.org/W2106353924","https://openalex.org/W2106506893","https://openalex.org/W2107787847","https://openalex.org/W2113129311","https://openalex.org/W2113344082","https://openalex.org/W2113759759","https://openalex.org/W2115021051","https://openalex.org/W2115470731","https://openalex.org/W2120304536","https://openalex.org/W2124518690","https://openalex.org/W2129911109","https://openalex.org/W2131715312","https://openalex.org/W2135616499","https://openalex.org/W2135774024","https://openalex.org/W2137061487","https://openalex.org/W2142891916","https://openalex.org/W2146930277","https://openalex.org/W2150290401","https://openalex.org/W2155591616","https://openalex.org/W2156817547","https://openalex.org/W2158939484","https://openalex.org/W2161424516","https://openalex.org/W2169299319","https://openalex.org/W2179486610","https://openalex.org/W2181417294","https://openalex.org/W2185637577","https://openalex.org/W2189098292","https://openalex.org/W2192864038","https://openalex.org/W2232008636","https://openalex.org/W2254196943","https://openalex.org/W2266317195","https://openalex.org/W2294112324","https://openalex.org/W2331705398","https://openalex.org/W2337470350","https://openalex.org/W2347065867","https://openalex.org/W2413846267","https://openalex.org/W2419195084","https://openalex.org/W2422601626","https://openalex.org/W2434099711","https://openalex.org/W2435677879","https://openalex.org/W2444586728","https://openalex.org/W2460634377","https://openalex.org/W2467500571","https://openalex.org/W2474084880","https://openalex.org/W2483765181","https://openalex.org/W2499706809","https://openalex.org/W2516936793","https://openalex.org/W2605217566","https://openalex.org/W2621080102","https://openalex.org/W2621296242","https://openalex.org/W2621312988","https://openalex.org/W2748928483","https://openalex.org/W2754518417","https://openalex.org/W2760519223","https://openalex.org/W2766489754","https://openalex.org/W2766982135","https://openalex.org/W2767575244","https://openalex.org/W2775421909","https://openalex.org/W2785682945","https://openalex.org/W2786131978","https://openalex.org/W2787132867","https://openalex.org/W2787187839","https://openalex.org/W2787265583","https://openalex.org/W2787746201","https://openalex.org/W2792211562","https://openalex.org/W2802809364","https://openalex.org/W2883713215","https://openalex.org/W2888214866","https://openalex.org/W2890698185","https://openalex.org/W2896486754","https://openalex.org/W2902257721","https://openalex.org/W2902726648","https://openalex.org/W2904401539","https://openalex.org/W2909142896","https://openalex.org/W2909369938","https://openalex.org/W2911135505","https://openalex.org/W2912878510","https://openalex.org/W2916188468","https://openalex.org/W2921100752","https://openalex.org/W2924136575","https://openalex.org/W2941399578","https://openalex.org/W2945153028","https://openalex.org/W2950509749","https://openalex.org/W6607135159","https://openalex.org/W6607744105","https://openalex.org/W6608206457","https://openalex.org/W6610558726","https://openalex.org/W6631040415","https://openalex.org/W6636055023","https://openalex.org/W6638587393","https://openalex.org/W6639469185","https://openalex.org/W6639880264","https://openalex.org/W6674291586","https://openalex.org/W6686496954","https://openalex.org/W6691910284","https://openalex.org/W6702396761","https://openalex.org/W6716916907","https://openalex.org/W6717360474","https://openalex.org/W6717677505","https://openalex.org/W6718378374","https://openalex.org/W6718400911","https://openalex.org/W6719767286","https://openalex.org/W6738528668","https://openalex.org/W6739133714","https://openalex.org/W6748020513","https://openalex.org/W6748080326","https://openalex.org/W6748091667","https://openalex.org/W6748366753","https://openalex.org/W6748907293","https://openalex.org/W6761389694"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2034489805","https://openalex.org/W187932805","https://openalex.org/W1165680166","https://openalex.org/W2909369938","https://openalex.org/W4392490004","https://openalex.org/W1641026212","https://openalex.org/W4402738807","https://openalex.org/W2911982698","https://openalex.org/W2323588885","https://openalex.org/W3047677938"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"EHR":[0],"audit":[1,13],"logs":[2],"have":[3],"potential":[4],"to":[5],"scale":[6],"observational":[7],"research":[8],"but":[9],"the":[10],"complexity":[11],"of":[12],"log":[14],"measures":[15],"necessitates":[16],"greater":[17],"methodological":[18],"transparency":[19],"and":[20],"validated":[21],"standards.":[22]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":19},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":25},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":32},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-03T22:45:19.894376","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}