{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2976193469","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jamia/ocz156","title":"Deep neural networks ensemble for detecting medication mentions in tweets","display_name":"Deep neural networks ensemble for detecting medication mentions in tweets","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-08-15","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2976193469","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jamia/ocz156","mag":"2976193469","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31562510"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1093/jamia/ocz156","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jamia/ocz156","pdf_url":"https://academic.oup.com/jamia/article-pdf/26/12/1618/34151762/ocz156.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S129839026","display_name":"Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association","issn_l":"1067-5027","issn":["1067-5027","1527-974X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["arxiv","crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://academic.oup.com/jamia/article-pdf/26/12/1618/34151762/ocz156.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040948702","display_name":"Davy Weissenbacher","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8331-3675"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79576946","display_name":"University of Pennsylvania","ror":"https://ror.org/00b30xv10","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Davy Weissenbacher","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086087170","display_name":"Abeed Sarker","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7358-544X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79576946","display_name":"University of Pennsylvania","ror":"https://ror.org/00b30xv10","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Abeed Sarker","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7358-544X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069654537","display_name":"Ari Z Klein","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8281-3464"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79576946","display_name":"University of Pennsylvania","ror":"https://ror.org/00b30xv10","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ari Klein","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8281-3464","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025763545","display_name":"Karen O\u2019Connor","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7709-3813"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79576946","display_name":"University of Pennsylvania","ror":"https://ror.org/00b30xv10","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Karen O\u2019Connor","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068908108","display_name":"Arjun Magge","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4109-1346"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802821144","display_name":"Center for Environmental Health","ror":"https://ror.org/03k84rm07","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2802821144"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I55732556","display_name":"Arizona State University","ror":"https://ror.org/03efmqc40","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I55732556"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Arjun Magge","raw_affiliation_strings":["Biodesign Center for Environmental Health Engineering, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Biodesign Center for Environmental Health Engineering, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802821144","https://openalex.org/I55732556"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022014033","display_name":"Graciela Gonzalez\u2010Hernandez","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6416-9556"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79576946","display_name":"University of Pennsylvania","ror":"https://ror.org/00b30xv10","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Graciela Gonzalez-Hernandez","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5040948702"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"],"apc_list":{"value":3967,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3967},"apc_paid":{"value":3967,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3967},"fwci":4.3696,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":43,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95738355,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"26","issue":"12","first_page":"1618","last_page":"1626"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11943","display_name":"Pharmacovigilance and Adverse Drug Reactions","score":0.48539999127388,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3005","display_name":"Toxicology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/30","display_name":"Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11943","display_name":"Pharmacovigilance and Adverse Drug Reactions","score":0.48539999127388,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3005","display_name":"Toxicology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/30","display_name":"Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12027","display_name":"Social Media in Health Education","score":0.10480000078678131,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3306","display_name":"Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.05869999900460243,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7537021636962891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ambiguity","display_name":"Ambiguity","score":0.6868184208869934},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/classifier","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","score":0.6534105539321899},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6521527171134949},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.6236864328384399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lexicon","display_name":"Lexicon","score":0.6201366782188416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.499478816986084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spelling","display_name":"Spelling","score":0.49705198407173157},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/f1-score","display_name":"F1 score","score":0.4761923849582672},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-retrieval","display_name":"Information retrieval","score":0.4045274257659912},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.36378419399261475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/linguistics","display_name":"Linguistics","score":0.08185574412345886}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7537021636962891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780522230","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1140419","display_name":"Ambiguity","level":2,"score":0.6868184208869934},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95623464","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1096149","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","level":2,"score":0.6534105539321899},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6521527171134949},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.6236864328384399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778121359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8096","display_name":"Lexicon","level":2,"score":0.6201366782188416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.499478816986084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777801307","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2088390","display_name":"Spelling","level":2,"score":0.49705198407173157},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148524875","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6975395","display_name":"F1 score","level":2,"score":0.4761923849582672},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23123220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q816826","display_name":"Information retrieval","level":1,"score":0.4045274257659912},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.36378419399261475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.08185574412345886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000077321","descriptor_name":"Deep Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000077321","descriptor_name":"Deep Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000077321","descriptor_name":"Deep Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000077321","descriptor_name":"Deep Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004364","descriptor_name":"Pharmaceutical Preparations","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D004364","descriptor_name":"Pharmaceutical Preparations","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D004364","descriptor_name":"Pharmaceutical Preparations","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D004364","descriptor_name":"Pharmaceutical Preparations","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009323","descriptor_name":"Natural Language Processing","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009323","descriptor_name":"Natural Language Processing","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009323","descriptor_name":"Natural Language Processing","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009323","descriptor_name":"Natural Language Processing","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016571","descriptor_name":"Neural Networks, Computer","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D016571","descriptor_name":"Neural Networks, Computer","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D016571","descriptor_name":"Neural Networks, Computer","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D016571","descriptor_name":"Neural Networks, Computer","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D060735","descriptor_name":"Pharmacovigilance","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D060735","descriptor_name":"Pharmacovigilance","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D060735","descriptor_name":"Pharmacovigilance","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D060735","descriptor_name":"Pharmacovigilance","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D061108","descriptor_name":"Social Media","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D061108","descriptor_name":"Social Media","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D061108","descriptor_name":"Social Media","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D061108","descriptor_name":"Social Media","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1093/jamia/ocz156","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jamia/ocz156","pdf_url":"https://academic.oup.com/jamia/article-pdf/26/12/1618/34151762/ocz156.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S129839026","display_name":"Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association","issn_l":"1067-5027","issn":["1067-5027","1527-974X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:31562510","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31562510","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association : JAMIA","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:1904.05308","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/1904.05308","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1904.05308","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:europepmc.org:5825954","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/6857507","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1093/jamia/ocz156","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jamia/ocz156","pdf_url":"https://academic.oup.com/jamia/article-pdf/26/12/1618/34151762/ocz156.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S129839026","display_name":"Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association","issn_l":"1067-5027","issn":["1067-5027","1527-974X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","score":0.49000000953674316,"display_name":"Quality Education"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4465523211","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"R01LM011176","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337372","funder_display_name":"U.S. National Library of Medicine"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6614883540","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"R01 LM011176","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337372","funder_display_name":"U.S. National Library of Medicine"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337372","display_name":"U.S. National Library of Medicine","ror":"https://ror.org/0060t0j89"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2976193469.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2976193469.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":40,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W314701596","https://openalex.org/W1136513136","https://openalex.org/W2078638446","https://openalex.org/W2114039834","https://openalex.org/W2119759918","https://openalex.org/W2145870108","https://openalex.org/W2148488766","https://openalex.org/W2167277498","https://openalex.org/W2174828870","https://openalex.org/W2398591267","https://openalex.org/W2553110962","https://openalex.org/W2556166063","https://openalex.org/W2588986918","https://openalex.org/W2590462354","https://openalex.org/W2605369679","https://openalex.org/W2621193918","https://openalex.org/W2720850745","https://openalex.org/W2737887843","https://openalex.org/W2754000910","https://openalex.org/W2757947833","https://openalex.org/W2760505947","https://openalex.org/W2765875219","https://openalex.org/W2798742871","https://openalex.org/W2894640520","https://openalex.org/W2895296143","https://openalex.org/W2896457183","https://openalex.org/W2909369566","https://openalex.org/W2945785264","https://openalex.org/W2953902152","https://openalex.org/W2955854688","https://openalex.org/W2962739339","https://openalex.org/W2963310665","https://openalex.org/W2963353710","https://openalex.org/W2963428321","https://openalex.org/W2963918774","https://openalex.org/W2964139507","https://openalex.org/W4239883634","https://openalex.org/W6610884803","https://openalex.org/W6627246482","https://openalex.org/W6755207826"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2161008081","https://openalex.org/W2100947578","https://openalex.org/W1555832326","https://openalex.org/W4298186509","https://openalex.org/W2556702969","https://openalex.org/W217221262","https://openalex.org/W611030372","https://openalex.org/W1974418053","https://openalex.org/W2081317458","https://openalex.org/W2021532426"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"OBJECTIVE:":[0],"Twitter":[1,24,188],"posts":[2],"are":[3,112],"now":[4],"recognized":[5],"as":[6],"an":[7,71,124,164,200,222],"important":[8,137],"source":[9],"of":[10,92,126,136,152,167,182,203,208],"patient-generated":[11],"data,":[12],"providing":[13],"unique":[14],"insights":[15],"into":[16],"population":[17],"health.":[18],"A":[19],"fundamental":[20],"step":[21],"toward":[22],"incorporating":[23],"data":[25],"in":[26,35,88,114,139,248],"pharmacoepidemiologic":[27],"research":[28],"is":[29,90,212,243],"to":[30,49,62,76,116,160,216,238,245],"automatically":[31],"recognize":[32,63],"medication":[33,42,121,260],"mentions":[34],"tweets.":[36],"Given":[37],"that":[38,257],"lexical":[39],"searches":[40],"for":[41],"names":[43,233],"suffer":[44],"from":[45],"low":[46],"recall":[47],"due":[48],"misspellings":[50],"or":[51,251],"ambiguity":[52],"with":[53,163,193,234],"common":[54],"words,":[55],"we":[56],"propose":[57],"a":[58,107,148,179],"more":[59,252],"advanced":[60],"method":[61],"them.":[64],"MATERIALS":[65],"AND":[66],"METHODS:":[67],"We":[68],"present":[69],"Kusuri,":[70],"Ensemble":[72],"Learning":[73],"classifier":[74],"able":[75],"identify":[77],"tweets":[78,118,141,184,230],"mentioning":[79,196,231],"drug":[80,232],"products":[81],"and":[82,106,133,242],"dietary":[83],"supplements.":[84],"Kusuri":[85,156,198,211],"(,":[86],"\"medication\"":[87],"Japanese)":[89],"composed":[91],"2":[93],"modules:":[94],"first,":[95],"4":[96],"different":[97],"classifiers":[98],"(lexicon":[99],"based,":[100,103,105],"spelling":[101],"variant":[102],"pattern":[104],"weakly":[108],"trained":[109],"neural":[110,128],"network)":[111],"applied":[113],"parallel":[115],"discover":[117],"potentially":[119],"containing":[120],"names;":[122],"second,":[123],"ensemble":[125],"deep":[127],"networks":[129],"encoding":[130],"morphological,":[131],"semantic,":[132],"long-range":[134],"dependencies":[135],"words":[138],"the":[140,143,169,206,213],"makes":[142],"final":[144],"decision.":[145],"RESULTS:":[146],"On":[147,178],"class-balanced":[149],"(50-50)":[150],"corpus":[151,180],"15":[153],"005":[154],"tweets,":[155,192],"demonstrated":[157],"performances":[158],"close":[159],"human":[161],"annotators":[162],"F1":[165,201],"score":[166,171,202,219],"93.7%,":[168],"best":[170,207],"achieved":[172],"thus":[173],"far":[174],"on":[175,220,259],"this":[176,218],"corpus.":[177],"made":[181],"all":[183],"posted":[185],"by":[186],"112":[187],"users":[189],"(98":[190],"959":[191],"only":[194],"0.26%":[195],"medications),":[197],"obtained":[199],"78.8%.":[204],"To":[205],"our":[209],"knowledge,":[210],"first":[214],"system":[215,228],"achieve":[217],"such":[221],"extremely":[223],"imbalanced":[224],"dataset.":[225],"CONCLUSIONS:":[226],"The":[227],"identifies":[229],"performance":[235],"high":[236],"enough":[237],"ensure":[239],"its":[240],"usefulness,":[241],"ready":[244],"be":[246],"integrated":[247],"pharmacovigilance,":[249],"toxicovigilance,":[250],"generally,":[253],"public":[254],"health":[255],"pipelines":[256],"depend":[258],"name":[261],"mentions.":[262]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-22T07:51:19.307946","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}