{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2912971066","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jamia/ocy173","title":"Natural language processing of symptoms documented in free-text narratives of electronic health records: a systematic review","display_name":"Natural language processing of symptoms documented in free-text narratives of electronic health records: a systematic review","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-11-27","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2912971066","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jamia/ocy173","mag":"2912971066","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30726935"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1093/jamia/ocy173","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jamia/ocy173","pdf_url":"https://academic.oup.com/jamia/article-pdf/26/4/364/34151341/ocy173.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S129839026","display_name":"Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association","issn_l":"1067-5027","issn":["1067-5027","1527-974X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"review","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://academic.oup.com/jamia/article-pdf/26/4/364/34151341/ocy173.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085031426","display_name":"Theresa A. Koleck","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2944-9034"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I78577930","display_name":"Columbia University","ror":"https://ror.org/00hj8s172","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I78577930"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Theresa A Koleck","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Nursing, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Nursing, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I78577930"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033415531","display_name":"Caitlin Dreisbach","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3964-3161"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I51556381","display_name":"University of Virginia","ror":"https://ror.org/0153tk833","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I51556381"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Caitlin Dreisbach","raw_affiliation_strings":["Data Science Institute, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA","School of Nursing, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Data Science Institute, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I51556381"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Nursing, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I51556381"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075833022","display_name":"Philip E. Bourne","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7618-7292"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I51556381","display_name":"University of Virginia","ror":"https://ror.org/0153tk833","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I51556381"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Philip E Bourne","raw_affiliation_strings":["Data Science Institute, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Data Science Institute, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I51556381"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038579832","display_name":"Suzanne Bakken","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6202-6001"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I78577930","display_name":"Columbia University","ror":"https://ror.org/00hj8s172","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I78577930"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Suzanne Bakken","raw_affiliation_strings":["Data Science Institute, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA","Department of Biomedical Informatics, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA","School of Nursing, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Data Science Institute, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I78577930"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biomedical Informatics, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I78577930"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Nursing, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I78577930"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5038579832"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I78577930"],"apc_list":{"value":3967,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3967},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":20.8144,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":415,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99418275,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"26","issue":"4","first_page":"364","last_page":"379"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13702","display_name":"Machine Learning in Healthcare","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13702","display_name":"Machine Learning in Healthcare","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11636","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare and Education","score":0.9939000010490417,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2718","display_name":"Health Informatics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11710","display_name":"Biomedical Text Mining and Ontologies","score":0.9926999807357788,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/narrative","display_name":"Narrative","score":0.5553002953529358},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mood","display_name":"Mood","score":0.5246430039405823},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.5187640190124512},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5116829872131348},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/text-messaging","display_name":"Text messaging","score":0.49728158116340637},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medline","display_name":"MEDLINE","score":0.487722247838974},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/documentation","display_name":"Documentation","score":0.4587003290653229},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.42067304253578186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/health-care","display_name":"Health care","score":0.4193822741508484},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.34953099489212036},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychiatry","display_name":"Psychiatry","score":0.18236976861953735},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.1812797486782074},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/linguistics","display_name":"Linguistics","score":0.1238616406917572}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199033989","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1318295","display_name":"Narrative","level":2,"score":0.5553002953529358},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780733359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q331769","display_name":"Mood","level":2,"score":0.5246430039405823},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.5187640190124512},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5116829872131348},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3018949938","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17166101","display_name":"Text messaging","level":2,"score":0.49728158116340637},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779473830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1540899","display_name":"MEDLINE","level":2,"score":0.487722247838974},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56666940","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q788790","display_name":"Documentation","level":2,"score":0.4587003290653229},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.42067304253578186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160735492","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q31207","display_name":"Health care","level":2,"score":0.4193822741508484},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.34953099489212036},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118552586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7867","display_name":"Psychiatry","level":1,"score":0.18236976861953735},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.1812797486782074},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.1238616406917572},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50522688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189833","display_name":"Economic growth","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009323","descriptor_name":"Natural Language Processing","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D009323","descriptor_name":"Natural Language Processing","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D009323","descriptor_name":"Natural Language Processing","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D016206","descriptor_name":"Databases, Bibliographic","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016206","descriptor_name":"Databases, Bibliographic","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016206","descriptor_name":"Databases, Bibliographic","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D033262","descriptor_name":"Narration","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D033262","descriptor_name":"Narration","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D033262","descriptor_name":"Narration","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D057225","descriptor_name":"Data Mining","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D057225","descriptor_name":"Data Mining","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D057225","descriptor_name":"Data Mining","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D057286","descriptor_name":"Electronic Health Records","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D057286","descriptor_name":"Electronic Health Records","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D057286","descriptor_name":"Electronic Health Records","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D063189","descriptor_name":"Symptom Assessment","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D063189","descriptor_name":"Symptom Assessment","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D063189","descriptor_name":"Symptom Assessment","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1093/jamia/ocy173","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jamia/ocy173","pdf_url":"https://academic.oup.com/jamia/article-pdf/26/4/364/34151341/ocy173.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S129839026","display_name":"Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association","issn_l":"1067-5027","issn":["1067-5027","1527-974X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:30726935","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30726935","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association : JAMIA","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:europepmc.org:5949928","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/6657282","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1093/jamia/ocy173","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jamia/ocy173","pdf_url":"https://academic.oup.com/jamia/article-pdf/26/4/364/34151341/ocy173.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S129839026","display_name":"Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association","issn_l":"1067-5027","issn":["1067-5027","1527-974X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","display_name":"Quality Education","score":0.8399999737739563}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G481846155","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"T32NR007969","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337534","funder_display_name":"National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","display_name":"National Institutes of Health","ror":"https://ror.org/01cwqze88"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337534","display_name":"National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities","ror":"https://ror.org/0493hgw16"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2912971066.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2912971066.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":60,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W18593269","https://openalex.org/W72448761","https://openalex.org/W87675507","https://openalex.org/W174904603","https://openalex.org/W1019512417","https://openalex.org/W1963737364","https://openalex.org/W1968761064","https://openalex.org/W1976038582","https://openalex.org/W1987610593","https://openalex.org/W2002108805","https://openalex.org/W2039691998","https://openalex.org/W2041789624","https://openalex.org/W2047452505","https://openalex.org/W2062908157","https://openalex.org/W2081702442","https://openalex.org/W2086923758","https://openalex.org/W2098321252","https://openalex.org/W2106289521","https://openalex.org/W2107940314","https://openalex.org/W2110624364","https://openalex.org/W2112382973","https://openalex.org/W2120917538","https://openalex.org/W2132724073","https://openalex.org/W2137407193","https://openalex.org/W2146089916","https://openalex.org/W2158958709","https://openalex.org/W2160194473","https://openalex.org/W2168001117","https://openalex.org/W2168041406","https://openalex.org/W2283041611","https://openalex.org/W2338526423","https://openalex.org/W2345195116","https://openalex.org/W2401585477","https://openalex.org/W2416919433","https://openalex.org/W2462432627","https://openalex.org/W2463568293","https://openalex.org/W2472717904","https://openalex.org/W2519078114","https://openalex.org/W2538492664","https://openalex.org/W2577646479","https://openalex.org/W2582438818","https://openalex.org/W2593739814","https://openalex.org/W2623211776","https://openalex.org/W2664267452","https://openalex.org/W2735200550","https://openalex.org/W2735580341","https://openalex.org/W2762497951","https://openalex.org/W2765628501","https://openalex.org/W2767344512","https://openalex.org/W2768488789","https://openalex.org/W2787868817","https://openalex.org/W2793682084","https://openalex.org/W6600788026","https://openalex.org/W6602964675","https://openalex.org/W6603598561","https://openalex.org/W6607038172","https://openalex.org/W6660054908","https://openalex.org/W6676253519","https://openalex.org/W6713227583","https://openalex.org/W6748859246"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2618286804","https://openalex.org/W2329643025","https://openalex.org/W2002770077","https://openalex.org/W3131163342","https://openalex.org/W2092256833","https://openalex.org/W2142369114","https://openalex.org/W2361728394","https://openalex.org/W2166271660","https://openalex.org/W2352631095","https://openalex.org/W3038222916"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Future":[0],"NLP":[1,28],"studies":[2],"should":[3,18],"concentrate":[4],"on":[5],"the":[6],"investigation":[7],"of":[8],"symptoms":[9],"and":[10,25,32],"symptom":[11],"documentation":[12],"in":[13],"EHR":[14],"free-text":[15],"narratives.":[16],"Efforts":[17],"be":[19],"undertaken":[20],"to":[21],"examine":[22],"patient":[23],"characteristics":[24],"make":[26],"symptom-related":[27],"algorithms":[29],"or":[30],"pipelines":[31],"vocabularies":[33],"openly":[34],"available.":[35]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":58},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":77},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":72},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":76},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":67},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":44},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":12}],"updated_date":"2026-03-25T14:56:36.534964","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
