{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2598909094","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jamia/ocy039","title":"Machine learning approach for early detection of autism by combining questionnaire and home video screening","display_name":"Machine learning approach for early detection of autism by combining questionnaire and home video screening","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-04-03","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2598909094","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jamia/ocy039","mag":"2598909094","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29741630"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1093/jamia/ocy039","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jamia/ocy039","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S129839026","display_name":"Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association","issn_l":"1067-5027","issn":["1067-5027","1527-974X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/7646881","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028018253","display_name":"Halim Abbas","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8394-1505"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1316064682","display_name":"LinkedIn (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/02fyxhe35","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1290206253","https://openalex.org/I1316064682"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Halim Abbas","raw_affiliation_strings":["Cognoa Inc., Palo Alto, CA, USA www.linkedin.com/in/halimabbas"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Cognoa Inc., Palo Alto, CA, USA www.linkedin.com/in/halimabbas","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1316064682"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063016894","display_name":"F. Garberson","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8290-4780"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1316064682","display_name":"LinkedIn (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/02fyxhe35","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1290206253","https://openalex.org/I1316064682"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ford Garberson","raw_affiliation_strings":["Cognoa Inc., Palo Alto, CA, USA www.linkedin.com/in/halimabbas"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8290-4780","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Cognoa Inc., Palo Alto, CA, USA www.linkedin.com/in/halimabbas","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1316064682"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111447154","display_name":"Eric Glover","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Eric Glover","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027872863","display_name":"Dennis P. Wall","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7889-9146"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1316064682","display_name":"LinkedIn (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/02fyxhe35","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1290206253","https://openalex.org/I1316064682"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I97018004","display_name":"Stanford University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f54p054","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dennis P Wall","raw_affiliation_strings":["Cognoa Inc., Palo Alto, CA, USA www.linkedin.com/in/halimabbas","Department of Biomedical Data Science, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA","Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Cognoa Inc., Palo Alto, CA, USA www.linkedin.com/in/halimabbas","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1316064682"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biomedical Data Science, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5028018253"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1316064682"],"apc_list":{"value":3967,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3967},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":7.3069,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":199,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98084053,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"25","issue":"8","first_page":"1000","last_page":"1007"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10106","display_name":"Autism Spectrum Disorder Research","score":0.9825000166893005,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10106","display_name":"Autism Spectrum Disorder Research","score":0.9825000166893005,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13393","display_name":"Child Nutrition and Feeding Issues","score":0.0026000000070780516,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2738","display_name":"Psychiatry and Mental health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10667","display_name":"Emotion and Mood Recognition","score":0.001500000013038516,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.7223933339118958},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/autism","display_name":"Autism","score":0.6921266317367554},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6718392372131348},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6162856221199036},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-engineering","display_name":"Feature engineering","score":0.5510042309761047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/autism-spectrum-disorder","display_name":"Autism spectrum disorder","score":0.5324923396110535},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.4971823990345001},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gold-standard","display_name":"Gold standard (test)","score":0.48278725147247314},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"Deep learning","score":0.27333641052246094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.23620209097862244},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychiatry","display_name":"Psychiatry","score":0.09073150157928467}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.7223933339118958},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205778803","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q38404","display_name":"Autism","level":2,"score":0.6921266317367554},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6718392372131348},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6162856221199036},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778827112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q22245680","display_name":"Feature engineering","level":3,"score":0.5510042309761047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778538070","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1436063","display_name":"Autism spectrum disorder","level":3,"score":0.5324923396110535},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.4971823990345001},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40993552","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q514654","display_name":"Gold standard (test)","level":2,"score":0.48278725147247314},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.27333641052246094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.23620209097862244},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118552586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7867","display_name":"Psychiatry","level":1,"score":0.09073150157928467},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000069550","descriptor_name":"Machine Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000069550","descriptor_name":"Machine Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000069550","descriptor_name":"Machine Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001321","descriptor_name":"Autistic Disorder","qualifier_ui":"Q000175","qualifier_name":"diagnosis","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001321","descriptor_name":"Autistic Disorder","qualifier_ui":"Q000175","qualifier_name":"diagnosis","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001321","descriptor_name":"Autistic Disorder","qualifier_ui":"Q000175","qualifier_name":"diagnosis","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002675","descriptor_name":"Child, Preschool","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002675","descriptor_name":"Child, Preschool","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002675","descriptor_name":"Child, Preschool","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008722","descriptor_name":"Methods","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008722","descriptor_name":"Methods","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008722","descriptor_name":"Methods","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011795","descriptor_name":"Surveys and Questionnaires","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D011795","descriptor_name":"Surveys and Questionnaires","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D011795","descriptor_name":"Surveys and Questionnaires","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012372","descriptor_name":"ROC Curve","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012372","descriptor_name":"ROC Curve","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012372","descriptor_name":"ROC Curve","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014743","descriptor_name":"Videotape Recording","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D014743","descriptor_name":"Videotape Recording","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D014743","descriptor_name":"Videotape Recording","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D042241","descriptor_name":"Early Diagnosis","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D042241","descriptor_name":"Early Diagnosis","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D042241","descriptor_name":"Early Diagnosis","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1093/jamia/ocy039","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jamia/ocy039","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S129839026","display_name":"Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association","issn_l":"1067-5027","issn":["1067-5027","1527-974X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:29741630","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29741630","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association : JAMIA","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:7646881","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/7646881","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"J Am Med Inform Assoc","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:7646881","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/7646881","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"J Am Med Inform Assoc","raw_type":"Text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6229651115","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"R01 EB025025","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337363","funder_display_name":"National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337363","display_name":"National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering","ror":"https://ror.org/00372qc85"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":12,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W48581271","https://openalex.org/W1975228824","https://openalex.org/W1980309199","https://openalex.org/W2011847916","https://openalex.org/W2097132700","https://openalex.org/W2121327279","https://openalex.org/W2153969495","https://openalex.org/W2158452837","https://openalex.org/W2164551677","https://openalex.org/W2265660607","https://openalex.org/W2318996262","https://openalex.org/W2408967133"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4280602684","https://openalex.org/W4310092953","https://openalex.org/W2227393071","https://openalex.org/W2750075801","https://openalex.org/W3164948662","https://openalex.org/W4400413234","https://openalex.org/W3153597579","https://openalex.org/W4385336128","https://openalex.org/W4394398790","https://openalex.org/W4399455186"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Background:":[0],"Existing":[1],"screening":[2,56,136,180],"tools":[3,181],"for":[4,42,127,203],"early":[5],"detection":[6,204],"of":[7,39,85,101,111,155,166,184,205,208,213],"autism":[8,43,55,206],"are":[9,61,220,232],"expensive,":[10],"cumbersome,":[11],"time-":[12],"intensive,":[13],"and":[14,51,73,109,121,169,187,235],"sometimes":[15],"fall":[16],"short":[17],"in":[18,132,145,182,216],"predictive":[19],"value.":[20],"In":[21],"this":[22],"work,":[23],"we":[24,114],"sought":[25],"to":[26,31,46,53,63,93,134,162,242],"apply":[27,54,115],"Machine":[28],"Learning":[29],"(ML)":[30],"gold":[32],"standard":[33,179],"clinical":[34,148,153,209,218,240],"data":[35],"obtained":[36],"across":[37],"thousands":[38],"children":[40,159],"at-risk":[41],"spectrum":[44],"disorder":[45],"create":[47],"a":[48,98,146,174,194,200],"low-cost,":[49],"quick,":[50],"easy":[52],"tool.":[57],"Methods:":[58],"Two":[59],"algorithms":[60,168],"trained":[62],"identify":[64],"autism,":[65],"one":[66],"based":[67],"on":[68,76],"short,":[69,81],"structured":[70],"parent-reported":[71],"questionnaires":[72],"the":[74,95,106,164,217,224,228,244],"other":[75],"tagging":[77],"key":[78],"behaviors":[79],"from":[80,238],"semi-structured":[82],"home":[83],"videos":[84],"children.":[86],"A":[87,151,211],"combination":[88],"algorithm":[89],"is":[90,142,160,199],"then":[91,143],"used":[92],"combine":[94],"results":[96,231],"into":[97,227],"single":[99],"assessment":[100],"higher":[102],"accuracy.":[103],"To":[104],"overcome":[105],"scarcity,":[107],"sparsity,":[108],"imbalance":[110],"training":[112],"data,":[113],"novel":[116],"feature":[117,119,122],"selection,":[118],"engineering,":[120],"encoding":[123],"techniques.":[124],"We":[125,172],"allow":[126],"inconclusive":[128],"determination":[129],"where":[130],"appropriate":[131],"order":[133],"boost":[135],"accuracy":[137,176],"when":[138],"conclusive.":[139],"The":[140],"performance":[141,165],"validated":[144],"controlled":[147],"study.":[149],"Results:":[150],"multi-center":[152],"study":[154],"n":[156],"=":[157],"162":[158],"performed":[161],"ascertain":[163],"these":[167],"their":[170],"combination.":[171],"demonstrate":[173],"significant":[175],"improvement":[177],"over":[178],"measurements":[183],"AUC,":[185],"sensitivity,":[186],"specificity.":[188],"Conclusion:":[189],"These":[190],"findings":[191],"suggest":[192],"that":[193],"mobile,":[195],"machine":[196],"learning":[197],"process":[198],"reliable":[201],"method":[202],"outside":[207],"settings.":[210],"variety":[212],"confounding":[214],"factors":[215],"analysis":[219],"discussed":[221],"along":[222],"with":[223],"solutions":[225],"engineered":[226],"algorithms.":[229],"Final":[230],"statistically":[233],"limited":[234],"will":[236],"benefit":[237],"future":[239],"studies":[241],"extend":[243],"sample":[245],"size.":[246]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":30},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":28},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":30},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":30},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":33},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":20},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-30T17:31:21.811387","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}