{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2793989961","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jamia/ocy013","title":"Interactive medical word sense disambiguation through informed learning","display_name":"Interactive medical word sense disambiguation through informed learning","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-02-09","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2793989961","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jamia/ocy013","mag":"2793989961","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29584896"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1093/jamia/ocy013","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jamia/ocy013","pdf_url":"https://academic.oup.com/jamia/article-pdf/25/7/800/29101628/ocy013.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S129839026","display_name":"Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association","issn_l":"1067-5027","issn":["1067-5027","1527-974X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://academic.oup.com/jamia/article-pdf/25/7/800/29101628/ocy013.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100371984","display_name":"Yue Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0278-2347"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27837315","display_name":"University of Michigan","ror":"https://ror.org/00jmfr291","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yue Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032517198","display_name":"Kai Zheng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1578-1818"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204250578","display_name":"University of California, Irvine","ror":"https://ror.org/04gyf1771","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204250578"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kai Zheng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Informatics, The University of California, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Informatics, The University of California, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204250578"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084072550","display_name":"Hua Xu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5274-4672"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I919571938","display_name":"The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston","ror":"https://ror.org/03gds6c39","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I919571938"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hua Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Biomedical Informatics, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, 77030, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Biomedical Informatics, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, 77030, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I919571938"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048955398","display_name":"Qiaozhu Mei","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8640-1942"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27837315","display_name":"University of Michigan","ror":"https://ror.org/00jmfr291","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Qiaozhu Mei","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA","School of Information, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5048955398"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"],"apc_list":{"value":3967,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3967},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.9898,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":20,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.74187562,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"25","issue":"7","first_page":"800","last_page":"808"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11710","display_name":"Biomedical Text Mining and Ontologies","score":0.588699996471405,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11710","display_name":"Biomedical Text Mining and Ontologies","score":0.588699996471405,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.09459999948740005,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13702","display_name":"Machine Learning in Healthcare","score":0.06800000369548798,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7787317037582397},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6937583088874817},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.5966839790344238},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/domain","display_name":"Domain (mathematical analysis)","score":0.5428812503814697},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/metric","display_name":"Metric (unit)","score":0.5374183654785156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","score":0.5303842425346375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quality","display_name":"Quality (philosophy)","score":0.5217207670211792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.5072645545005798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/word-sense-disambiguation","display_name":"Word-sense disambiguation","score":0.4684959053993225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/search-engine-indexing","display_name":"Search engine indexing","score":0.4289896488189697},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/word","display_name":"Word (group theory)","score":0.41658130288124084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-retrieval","display_name":"Information retrieval","score":0.4126734733581543},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.09642589092254639}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7787317037582397},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6937583088874817},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.5966839790344238},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36503486","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11235244","display_name":"Domain (mathematical analysis)","level":2,"score":0.5428812503814697},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C176217482","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860554","display_name":"Metric (unit)","level":2,"score":0.5374183654785156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.5303842425346375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779530757","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1207505","display_name":"Quality (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.5217207670211792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.5072645545005798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C51646954","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q48522","display_name":"Word-sense disambiguation","level":3,"score":0.4684959053993225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75165309","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2258979","display_name":"Search engine indexing","level":2,"score":0.4289896488189697},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90805587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10944557","display_name":"Word (group theory)","level":2,"score":0.41658130288124084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23123220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q816826","display_name":"Information retrieval","level":1,"score":0.4126734733581543},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.09642589092254639},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157659113","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q533822","display_name":"WordNet","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21547014","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423657","display_name":"Operations management","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000069550","descriptor_name":"Machine Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000069550","descriptor_name":"Machine Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000069550","descriptor_name":"Machine Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000069550","descriptor_name":"Machine Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008499","descriptor_name":"Medical Records","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008499","descriptor_name":"Medical Records","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008499","descriptor_name":"Medical Records","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008499","descriptor_name":"Medical Records","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008511","descriptor_name":"Medicine","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008511","descriptor_name":"Medicine","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008511","descriptor_name":"Medicine","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008511","descriptor_name":"Medicine","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009323","descriptor_name":"Natural Language Processing","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D009323","descriptor_name":"Natural Language Processing","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D009323","descriptor_name":"Natural Language Processing","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D009323","descriptor_name":"Natural Language Processing","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D014825","descriptor_name":"Vocabulary","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014825","descriptor_name":"Vocabulary","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014825","descriptor_name":"Vocabulary","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014825","descriptor_name":"Vocabulary","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016015","descriptor_name":"Logistic Models","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016015","descriptor_name":"Logistic Models","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016015","descriptor_name":"Logistic Models","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016015","descriptor_name":"Logistic Models","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D046650","descriptor_name":"Medical Subject Headings","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D046650","descriptor_name":"Medical Subject Headings","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D046650","descriptor_name":"Medical Subject Headings","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D046650","descriptor_name":"Medical Subject Headings","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1093/jamia/ocy013","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jamia/ocy013","pdf_url":"https://academic.oup.com/jamia/article-pdf/25/7/800/29101628/ocy013.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S129839026","display_name":"Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association","issn_l":"1067-5027","issn":["1067-5027","1527-974X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:29584896","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29584896","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association : JAMIA","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt6t97d44q","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/6t97d44q","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association, vol 25, iss 7","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:6658868","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/6658868","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"J Am Med Inform Assoc","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1093/jamia/ocy013","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jamia/ocy013","pdf_url":"https://academic.oup.com/jamia/article-pdf/25/7/800/29101628/ocy013.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S129839026","display_name":"Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association","issn_l":"1067-5027","issn":["1067-5027","1527-974X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","display_name":"Quality Education","score":0.4300000071525574}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G212361506","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"UL1-TR-001414","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337472","funder_display_name":"National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3538118889","display_name":"CAREER: Eyes of the Foreseer - Integrative and In Situ Information Retrieval and Mining in Online Communities","funder_award_id":"1054199","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4664183492","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"R01LM010681","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337372","funder_display_name":"U.S. National Library of Medicine"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5943365711","display_name":"BIGDATA: Collaborative Research: F: Efficient and Exact Methods for Big Data Reduction","funder_award_id":"1633370","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8984988633","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2R01LM010681-05","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337372","funder_display_name":"U.S. National Library of Medicine"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337372","display_name":"U.S. National Library of Medicine","ror":"https://ror.org/0060t0j89"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337472","display_name":"National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/04pw6fb54"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2793989961.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2793989961.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":31,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W85269015","https://openalex.org/W1512170015","https://openalex.org/W1731244441","https://openalex.org/W1756650108","https://openalex.org/W1869958975","https://openalex.org/W1970194176","https://openalex.org/W1984293430","https://openalex.org/W2028102159","https://openalex.org/W2037987185","https://openalex.org/W2095588973","https://openalex.org/W2125327503","https://openalex.org/W2137407193","https://openalex.org/W2155290553","https://openalex.org/W2159636537","https://openalex.org/W2162234949","https://openalex.org/W2163141833","https://openalex.org/W2168041406","https://openalex.org/W2250962271","https://openalex.org/W2435251607","https://openalex.org/W2621240664","https://openalex.org/W2621398870","https://openalex.org/W2903158431","https://openalex.org/W2913668833","https://openalex.org/W4252684946","https://openalex.org/W6603476990","https://openalex.org/W6637672553","https://openalex.org/W6682578415","https://openalex.org/W6691790279","https://openalex.org/W6717827561","https://openalex.org/W6738346508","https://openalex.org/W6739129317"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3024364549","https://openalex.org/W4206019083","https://openalex.org/W1976265003","https://openalex.org/W2054476758","https://openalex.org/W2370378377","https://openalex.org/W2048865712","https://openalex.org/W2188275805","https://openalex.org/W2904069821","https://openalex.org/W3087778885","https://openalex.org/W2063330778"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Objective:":[0],"Medical":[1,111],"word":[2],"sense":[3],"disambiguation":[4],"(WSD)":[5],"is":[6],"challenging":[7],"and":[8,57,75,89,131,147,225,252],"often":[9],"requires":[10],"significant":[11],"training":[12],"with":[13,42,53,212,242],"data":[14],"labeled":[15,81,166],"by":[16,245],"domain":[17,34,254],"experts.":[18],"This":[19],"work":[20],"aims":[21],"to":[22,96,201,248],"develop":[23],"an":[24,49],"interactive":[25,50,185],"learning":[26,51,149,152,174,186,195],"algorithm":[27,52,84,187,196],"that":[28,154],"makes":[29],"efficient":[30],"use":[31],"of":[32,72,128,165],"expert's":[33],"knowledge":[35,255],"in":[36,64,79,122,135],"building":[37],"high-quality":[38],"medical":[39,198],"WSD":[40,105,236],"models":[41,237],"minimal":[43,243],"human":[44],"effort.":[45],"Methods:":[46],"We":[47],"developed":[48],"expert":[54,60],"labeling":[55,67,215,219,228],"instances":[56,95,167,251],"features.":[58,259],"An":[59],"can":[61,238],"provide":[62,253],"supervision":[63,244],"3":[65,104],"ways:":[66],"instances,":[68],"specifying":[69],"indicative":[70],"words":[71],"a":[73,80,151],"sense,":[74],"highlighting":[76],"supporting":[77],"evidence":[78],"instance.":[82],"The":[83,170],"learns":[85],"from":[86,110,125,138],"these":[87],"labels":[88],"iteratively":[90],"selects":[91],"the":[92,126,156,159,163,173,179,192,209,222,231],"most":[93],"informative":[94,250],"ask":[97],"for":[98,197,208,221,230],"future":[99],"labels.":[100],"Our":[101,184],"evaluation":[102,181],"used":[103,177],"corpora:":[106],"198":[107],"ambiguous":[108,120,133,145],"terms":[109],"Subject":[112],"Headings":[113],"(MSH)":[114],"as":[115,178],"MEDLINE":[116],"indexing":[117],"terms,":[118],"74":[119],"abbreviations":[121,134],"clinical":[123,136],"notes":[124,137],"University":[127,140],"Minnesota":[129],"(UMN),":[130],"24":[132],"Vanderbilt":[139],"Hospital":[141],"(VUH).":[142],"For":[143],"each":[144,148],"term":[146],"algorithm,":[150],"curve":[153,175],"plots":[155],"accuracy":[157,207],"on":[158],"test":[160],"set":[161],"against":[162],"number":[164],"was":[168,176],"generated.":[169],"area":[171],"under":[172],"primary":[180],"metric.":[182],"Results:":[183],"significantly":[188],"outperformed":[189],"active":[190,202],"learning,":[191,203],"previous":[193],"fastest":[194],"WSD.":[199],"Compared":[200],"it":[204],"achieved":[205],"90%":[206],"MSH":[210],"corpus":[211],"42%":[213],"less":[214,218,227],"effort,":[216],"35%":[217],"effort":[220,229],"UMN":[223],"corpus,":[224],"16%":[226],"VUH":[232],"corpus.":[233],"Conclusions:":[234],"High-quality":[235],"be":[239],"efficiently":[240],"trained":[241],"inviting":[246],"experts":[247],"label":[249],"through":[256],"labeling/highlighting":[257],"contextual":[258]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-08-01T09:00:35.917206","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
