{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2790643689","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jamia/ocx162","title":"Medication class enrichment analysis: a novel algorithm to analyze multiple pharmacologic exposures simultaneously using electronic health record data","display_name":"Medication class enrichment analysis: a novel algorithm to analyze multiple pharmacologic exposures simultaneously using electronic health record data","publication_year":2017,"publication_date":"2017-12-31","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2790643689","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jamia/ocx162","mag":"2790643689","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29378062"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1093/jamia/ocx162","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jamia/ocx162","pdf_url":"https://academic.oup.com/jamia/article-pdf/25/7/780/25080329/ocx162.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S129839026","display_name":"Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association","issn_l":"1067-5027","issn":["1067-5027","1527-974X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://academic.oup.com/jamia/article-pdf/25/7/780/25080329/ocx162.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067719692","display_name":"Ravy K. Vajravelu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6557-3307"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79576946","display_name":"University of Pennsylvania","ror":"https://ror.org/00b30xv10","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ravy K Vajravelu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA","Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056339603","display_name":"Frank I. Scott","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6021-0419"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79576946","display_name":"University of Pennsylvania","ror":"https://ror.org/00b30xv10","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I921990950","display_name":"University of Colorado Denver","ror":"https://ror.org/02hh7en24","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I921990950"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Frank I Scott","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA","Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I921990950"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055266545","display_name":"Ronac Mamtani","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8267-5356"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79576946","display_name":"University of Pennsylvania","ror":"https://ror.org/00b30xv10","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ronac Mamtani","raw_affiliation_strings":["Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA","Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082318113","display_name":"Hongzhe Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3662-3907"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79576946","display_name":"University of Pennsylvania","ror":"https://ror.org/00b30xv10","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hongzhe Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Informatics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, PA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Informatics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, PA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032971510","display_name":"Jason H. Moore","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5015-1099"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79576946","display_name":"University of Pennsylvania","ror":"https://ror.org/00b30xv10","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jason H Moore","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Informatics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, PA, USA","Institute for Biomedical Informatics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Informatics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, PA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Biomedical Informatics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041936168","display_name":"James D. Lewis","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3107-3862"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79576946","display_name":"University of Pennsylvania","ror":"https://ror.org/00b30xv10","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"James D Lewis","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA","Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5041936168"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"],"apc_list":{"value":3967,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3967},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.1464,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.45522621,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"25","issue":"7","first_page":"780","last_page":"789"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11943","display_name":"Pharmacovigilance and Adverse Drug Reactions","score":0.33719998598098755,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3005","display_name":"Toxicology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/30","display_name":"Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11943","display_name":"Pharmacovigilance and Adverse Drug Reactions","score":0.33719998598098755,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3005","display_name":"Toxicology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/30","display_name":"Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10195","display_name":"Antimicrobial Resistance in Staphylococcus","score":0.06279999762773514,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2725","display_name":"Infectious Diseases"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13702","display_name":"Machine Learning in Healthcare","score":0.05900000035762787,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/class","display_name":"Class (philosophy)","score":0.669316291809082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-health-record","display_name":"Electronic health record","score":0.6190950870513916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6116984486579895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/health-records","display_name":"Health records","score":0.46823614835739136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.42682409286499023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.4045228362083435},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.37394818663597107},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/health-care","display_name":"Health care","score":0.10974085330963135}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777212361","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5127848","display_name":"Class (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.669316291809082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3020144179","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10871684","display_name":"Electronic health record","level":3,"score":0.6190950870513916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6116984486579895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3019952477","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1324077","display_name":"Health records","level":3,"score":0.46823614835739136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.42682409286499023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.4045228362083435},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.37394818663597107},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160735492","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q31207","display_name":"Health care","level":2,"score":0.10974085330963135},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50522688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189833","display_name":"Economic growth","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000900","descriptor_name":"Anti-Bacterial Agents","qualifier_ui":"Q000627","qualifier_name":"therapeutic use","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000900","descriptor_name":"Anti-Bacterial Agents","qualifier_ui":"Q000627","qualifier_name":"therapeutic use","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000900","descriptor_name":"Anti-Bacterial Agents","qualifier_ui":"Q000627","qualifier_name":"therapeutic use","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003015","descriptor_name":"Clostridium Infections","qualifier_ui":"Q000188","qualifier_name":"drug therapy","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003015","descriptor_name":"Clostridium Infections","qualifier_ui":"Q000188","qualifier_name":"drug therapy","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003015","descriptor_name":"Clostridium Infections","qualifier_ui":"Q000188","qualifier_name":"drug therapy","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003198","descriptor_name":"Computer Simulation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003198","descriptor_name":"Computer Simulation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003198","descriptor_name":"Computer Simulation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016015","descriptor_name":"Logistic Models","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016015","descriptor_name":"Logistic Models","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016015","descriptor_name":"Logistic Models","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016017","descriptor_name":"Odds Ratio","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016017","descriptor_name":"Odds Ratio","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016017","descriptor_name":"Odds Ratio","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016022","descriptor_name":"Case-Control Studies","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016022","descriptor_name":"Case-Control Studies","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016022","descriptor_name":"Case-Control Studies","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016208","descriptor_name":"Databases, Factual","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016208","descriptor_name":"Databases, Factual","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016208","descriptor_name":"Databases, Factual","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D055641","descriptor_name":"Mathematical Concepts","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D055641","descriptor_name":"Mathematical Concepts","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D055641","descriptor_name":"Mathematical Concepts","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D057286","descriptor_name":"Electronic Health Records","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D057286","descriptor_name":"Electronic Health Records","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D057286","descriptor_name":"Electronic Health Records","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D060735","descriptor_name":"Pharmacovigilance","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D060735","descriptor_name":"Pharmacovigilance","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D060735","descriptor_name":"Pharmacovigilance","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1093/jamia/ocx162","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jamia/ocx162","pdf_url":"https://academic.oup.com/jamia/article-pdf/25/7/780/25080329/ocx162.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S129839026","display_name":"Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association","issn_l":"1067-5027","issn":["1067-5027","1527-974X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:29378062","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29378062","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association : JAMIA","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:europepmc.org:5323689","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://europepmc.org/pmc/articles/PMC6016702","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:6016702","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/6016702","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"J Am Med Inform Assoc","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1093/jamia/ocx162","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jamia/ocx162","pdf_url":"https://academic.oup.com/jamia/article-pdf/25/7/780/25080329/ocx162.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S129839026","display_name":"Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association","issn_l":"1067-5027","issn":["1067-5027","1527-974X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.6100000143051147,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/1","display_name":"No poverty"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G105840718","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"R01 CA127334","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337351","funder_display_name":"National Cancer Institute"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1418679814","display_name":"Insulin resistance in the development and progression of invasive bladder cancer","funder_award_id":"5k23ca187185-04","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","funder_display_name":"National Institutes of Health"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1534979490","display_name":"Dietary Patterns and the Course of Inflammatory Bowel Disease","funder_award_id":"4k24dk078228-10","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","funder_display_name":"National Institutes of Health"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1887900799","display_name":"Training Program in Gastrointestinal Sciences","funder_award_id":"5t32dk007066-42","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","funder_display_name":"National Institutes of Health"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2229312748","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"R01LM010098","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337372","funder_display_name":"U.S. National Library of Medicine"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2248559864","display_name":"Methods for genomic data with graphical structures","funder_award_id":"4r01ca127334-09","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","funder_display_name":"National Institutes of Health"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G225780874","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"K24-DK-078228","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337357","funder_display_name":"National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2401859945","display_name":"Microvascular disease, statins, ACE-inhibitors and post-operative SBO","funder_award_id":"7k08dk095951-05","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","funder_display_name":"National Institutes of Health"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G388955488","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"K23-CA187185","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337351","funder_display_name":"National Cancer Institute"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4464589005","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"K08-DK095951","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337357","funder_display_name":"National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5419419845","display_name":"Bioinformatics Strategies for Genome Wide Association Studies","funder_award_id":"5r01lm010098-14","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","funder_display_name":"National Institutes of Health"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G598822337","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"T32 DK007066","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337357","funder_display_name":"National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320307105","display_name":"Amgen","ror":"https://ror.org/03g03ge92"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320307758","display_name":"Eli Lilly and Company","ror":"https://ror.org/01qat3289"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320307765","display_name":"Pfizer","ror":"https://ror.org/01xdqrp08"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320307770","display_name":"AstraZeneca","ror":"https://ror.org/04r9x1a08"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320308573","display_name":"Gilead Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/056546b03"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","display_name":"National Institutes of Health","ror":"https://ror.org/01cwqze88"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337351","display_name":"National Cancer Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/040gcmg81"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337357","display_name":"National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases","ror":"https://ror.org/00adh9b73"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337372","display_name":"U.S. National Library of Medicine","ror":"https://ror.org/0060t0j89"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":34,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1924702765","https://openalex.org/W1928634669","https://openalex.org/W1979698089","https://openalex.org/W1985359478","https://openalex.org/W2016582138","https://openalex.org/W2069381373","https://openalex.org/W2083245084","https://openalex.org/W2092970016","https://openalex.org/W2110065044","https://openalex.org/W2117674248","https://openalex.org/W2123106337","https://openalex.org/W2129168200","https://openalex.org/W2130410032","https://openalex.org/W2135959117","https://openalex.org/W2148223907","https://openalex.org/W2162258226","https://openalex.org/W2163424852","https://openalex.org/W2166814950","https://openalex.org/W2167708617","https://openalex.org/W2170773626","https://openalex.org/W2209559096","https://openalex.org/W2215622857","https://openalex.org/W2322921974","https://openalex.org/W2329610311","https://openalex.org/W2335078346","https://openalex.org/W2531631555","https://openalex.org/W2582743722","https://openalex.org/W2586142598","https://openalex.org/W2614302069","https://openalex.org/W2724318526","https://openalex.org/W2760166341","https://openalex.org/W3016230452","https://openalex.org/W3021184943","https://openalex.org/W4256700513"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W187932805","https://openalex.org/W1641026212","https://openalex.org/W2078646730","https://openalex.org/W2087134418","https://openalex.org/W2323588885","https://openalex.org/W3047677938","https://openalex.org/W4312053962","https://openalex.org/W2920854314","https://openalex.org/W4302340031","https://openalex.org/W2398973086"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Objective:":[0],"Observational":[1],"studies":[2,76,114,213],"analyzing":[3,134,152],"multiple":[4],"exposures":[5],"simultaneously":[6],"have":[7,24],"been":[8,25],"limited":[9],"by":[10,51],"difficulty":[11],"distinguishing":[12],"relevant":[13],"results":[14,206],"from":[15],"chance":[16],"associations":[17],"due":[18],"to":[19,30,64,85,127,181,201,246],"poor":[20],"specificity.":[21],"Set-based":[22],"methods":[23],"successfully":[26],"used":[27,58],"in":[28,80,115],"genomics":[29],"improve":[31],"signal-to-noise":[32,44],"ratio.":[33],"We":[34,57,73,94,110],"present":[35],"and":[36,55,108,121,167,189,229,236],"demonstrate":[37,207],"medication":[38,79],"class":[39,102,160],"enrichment":[40],"analysis":[41],"(MCEA),":[42],"a":[43,159],"enhancement":[45],"algorithm":[46],"for":[47,77,90,129,194,221,238],"observational":[48],"data":[49],"inspired":[50],"set-based":[52],"methods.":[53],"Materials":[54],"Methods:":[56],"The":[59,81],"Health":[60,82],"Improvement":[61,83],"Network":[62,84],"database":[63],"study":[65],"medications":[66,218],"associated":[67,148,171,242],"with":[68,92,103,149,163,172,243],"Clostridium":[69],"difficile":[70],"infection":[71],"(CDI).":[72],"performed":[74,112],"case-control":[75],"each":[78,100],"obtain":[86],"odds":[87],"ratios":[88],"(ORs)":[89],"association":[91,98],"CDI.":[93,150,173],"then":[95],"calculated":[96],"the":[97,119,208,224],"of":[99,123,141,161,210,223],"pharmacologic":[101,135,143,153,240],"CDI":[104,244],"using":[105,137,155],"logistic":[106,124,138,182,247],"regression":[107,125,183],"MCEA.":[109],"also":[111],"simulation":[113,230],"which":[116],"we":[117],"assessed":[118],"sensitivity":[120,193,235],"specificity":[122,179,237],"compared":[126,180,245],"MCEA":[128,176,232],"ORs":[130],"0.1-2.0.":[131],"Results:":[132],"When":[133,151],"classes":[136,144,154,241],"regression,":[139],"47":[140],"110":[142],"were":[145,170],"identified":[146],"as":[147],"MCEA,":[156,211],"only":[157],"fluoroquinolones,":[158],"antibiotics":[162],"biologically":[164],"confirmed":[165],"causation,":[166],"heparin":[168],"products":[169],"In":[174,227],"simulation,":[175],"had":[177],"superior":[178,234],"across":[184],"all":[185,195],"tested":[186],"effect":[187,196],"sizes":[188,197],"equal":[190],"or":[191],"better":[192],"besides":[198],"those":[199],"close":[200],"null.":[202],"Discussion:":[203],"Although":[204],"these":[205],"promise":[209],"additional":[212],"that":[214],"include":[215],"inpatient":[216],"administered":[217],"are":[219],"necessary":[220],"validation":[222],"algorithm.":[225],"Conclusions:":[226],"clinical":[228],"studies,":[231],"demonstrated":[233],"identifying":[239],"regression.":[248]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-08-06T08:24:18.245995","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
