{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2741416490","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jamia/ocx071","title":"Biases introduced by filtering electronic health records for patients with \u201ccomplete data\u201d","display_name":"Biases introduced by filtering electronic health records for patients with \u201ccomplete data\u201d","publication_year":2017,"publication_date":"2017-06-12","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2741416490","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jamia/ocx071","mag":"2741416490","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29016972"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1093/jamia/ocx071","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jamia/ocx071","pdf_url":"https://academic.oup.com/jamia/article-pdf/24/6/1134/25422041/ocx071.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S129839026","display_name":"Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association","issn_l":"1067-5027","issn":["1067-5027","1527-974X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://academic.oup.com/jamia/article-pdf/24/6/1134/25422041/ocx071.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023500196","display_name":"Griffin M. Weber","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2597-881X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1316535847","display_name":"Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center","ror":"https://ror.org/04drvxt59","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1316535847"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I136199984","display_name":"Harvard University","ror":"https://ror.org/03vek6s52","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Griffin M Weber","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA","Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1316535847"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058583723","display_name":"William G. Adams","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5330-0010"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1286490081","display_name":"Boston Medical Center","ror":"https://ror.org/010b9wj87","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1286490081"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"William G Adams","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Pediatrics, Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Pediatrics, Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1286490081"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075275684","display_name":"Elmer V. Bernstam","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7643-791X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I919571938","display_name":"The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston","ror":"https://ror.org/03gds6c39","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I919571938"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Elmer V Bernstam","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Internal Medicine, McGovern Medical School, School of Biomedical Informatics, The University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Internal Medicine, McGovern Medical School, School of Biomedical Informatics, The University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I919571938"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002119222","display_name":"Jonathan Bickel","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2412-4193"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1288882113","display_name":"Boston Children's Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/00dvg7y05","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1288882113"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jonathan P Bickel","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computational Health Informatics Program, Boston Children\u2019s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA","Computational Health Informatics Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computational Health Informatics Program, Boston Children\u2019s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1288882113"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computational Health Informatics Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1288882113"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044505000","display_name":"Kathe Fox","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I152171566","display_name":"Aetna (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/00tg1yh20","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I152171566"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4401726811","display_name":"Hartford Financial Services (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/00mwq1g96","country_code":null,"type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4401726811"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kathe P Fox","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Analytics and Behavior Change, Aetna, Hartford, CT, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Analytics and Behavior Change, Aetna, Hartford, CT, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I152171566","https://openalex.org/I4401726811"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021627780","display_name":"Keith Marsolo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4416-1549"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63135867","display_name":"University of Cincinnati","ror":"https://ror.org/01e3m7079","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63135867"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1285204247","display_name":"Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center","ror":"https://ror.org/01hcyya48","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1285204247"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Keith Marsolo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Pediatrics, Division of Biomedical Informatics, Cincinnati Children\u2019s Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA","Department of Pediatrics, Division of Biomedical Informatics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Pediatrics, Division of Biomedical Informatics, Cincinnati Children\u2019s Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1285204247","https://openalex.org/I63135867"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Pediatrics, Division of Biomedical Informatics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1285204247","https://openalex.org/I63135867"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112346389","display_name":"Vijay A. Raghavan","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Vijay A Raghavan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Scientific Information Management, Merck, Boston, MA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Scientific Information Management, Merck, Boston, MA, USA","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083393697","display_name":"Alexander Turchin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8609-564X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1283280774","display_name":"Brigham and Women's Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/04b6nzv94","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1283280774","https://openalex.org/I48633490"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alexander Turchin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Division of Endocrinology, Brigham and Women\u2019s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA","Division of Endocrinology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Endocrinology, Brigham and Women\u2019s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1283280774"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Endocrinology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1283280774"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053033228","display_name":"Xiaobo Zhou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7127-2869"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I47251452","display_name":"Wake Forest University","ror":"https://ror.org/0207ad724","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I47251452"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaobo Zhou","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Radiology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Radiology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47251452"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087242254","display_name":"Shawn N. Murphy","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1905-8806"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210087915","display_name":"Massachusetts General Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/002pd6e78","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210087915","https://openalex.org/I48633490"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shawn N Murphy","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210087915"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018662278","display_name":"Kenneth D. Mandl","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9781-0477"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1288882113","display_name":"Boston Children's Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/00dvg7y05","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1288882113"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I136199984","display_name":"Harvard University","ror":"https://ror.org/03vek6s52","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kenneth D Mandl","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computational Health Informatics Program, Boston Children\u2019s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA","Department of Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA","Computational Health Informatics Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computational Health Informatics Program, Boston Children\u2019s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1288882113"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computational Health Informatics Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1288882113"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":11,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5023500196"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1316535847","https://openalex.org/I136199984"],"apc_list":{"value":3967,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3967},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":15.8305,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":90,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98962109,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"24","issue":"6","first_page":"1134","last_page":"1141"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10350","display_name":"Electronic Health Records Systems","score":0.3287000060081482,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3605","display_name":"Health Information Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/36","display_name":"Health Professions"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10350","display_name":"Electronic Health Records Systems","score":0.3287000060081482,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3605","display_name":"Health Information Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/36","display_name":"Health Professions"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13702","display_name":"Machine Learning in Healthcare","score":0.21279999613761902,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11719","display_name":"Data Quality and Management","score":0.14350000023841858,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1803","display_name":"Management Science and Operations Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/completeness","display_name":"Completeness (order theory)","score":0.6705318093299866},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medical-diagnosis","display_name":"Medical diagnosis","score":0.5558626055717468},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.5164023041725159},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/missing-data","display_name":"Missing data","score":0.5032035708427429},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medical-record","display_name":"Medical record","score":0.5012853145599365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cohort","display_name":"Cohort","score":0.4916685223579407},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/population","display_name":"Population","score":0.4855051040649414},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/health-care","display_name":"Health care","score":0.4671131372451782},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4555481970310211},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/health-records","display_name":"Health records","score":0.4494577646255493},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.38070791959762573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medical-emergency","display_name":"Medical emergency","score":0.3684127926826477},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.13657477498054504},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.11450690031051636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-health","display_name":"Environmental health","score":0.09928905963897705}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17231256","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5156540","display_name":"Completeness (order theory)","level":2,"score":0.6705318093299866},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C534262118","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177719","display_name":"Medical diagnosis","level":2,"score":0.5558626055717468},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.5164023041725159},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9357733","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6878417","display_name":"Missing data","level":2,"score":0.5032035708427429},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195910791","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1324077","display_name":"Medical record","level":2,"score":0.5012853145599365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C72563966","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1303415","display_name":"Cohort","level":2,"score":0.4916685223579407},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.4855051040649414},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160735492","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q31207","display_name":"Health care","level":2,"score":0.4671131372451782},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4555481970310211},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3019952477","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1324077","display_name":"Health records","level":3,"score":0.4494577646255493},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.38070791959762573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C545542383","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2751242","display_name":"Medical emergency","level":1,"score":0.3684127926826477},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.13657477498054504},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.11450690031051636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99454951","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q932068","display_name":"Environmental health","level":1,"score":0.09928905963897705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50522688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189833","display_name":"Economic growth","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126838900","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77604","display_name":"Radiology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000068598","descriptor_name":"Data Accuracy","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000068598","descriptor_name":"Data Accuracy","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000068598","descriptor_name":"Data Accuracy","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007344","descriptor_name":"Insurance Claim Reporting","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007344","descriptor_name":"Insurance Claim Reporting","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007344","descriptor_name":"Insurance Claim Reporting","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015982","descriptor_name":"Bias","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015982","descriptor_name":"Bias","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015982","descriptor_name":"Bias","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016247","descriptor_name":"Information Storage and Retrieval","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016247","descriptor_name":"Information Storage and Retrieval","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016247","descriptor_name":"Information Storage and Retrieval","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D057286","descriptor_name":"Electronic Health Records","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D057286","descriptor_name":"Electronic Health Records","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D057286","descriptor_name":"Electronic Health Records","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1093/jamia/ocx071","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jamia/ocx071","pdf_url":"https://academic.oup.com/jamia/article-pdf/24/6/1134/25422041/ocx071.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S129839026","display_name":"Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association","issn_l":"1067-5027","issn":["1067-5027","1527-974X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:29016972","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29016972","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association : JAMIA","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:europepmc.org:5034205","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/6080680","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1093/jamia/ocx071","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jamia/ocx071","pdf_url":"https://academic.oup.com/jamia/article-pdf/24/6/1134/25422041/ocx071.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S129839026","display_name":"Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association","issn_l":"1067-5027","issn":["1067-5027","1527-974X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1770549560","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"5R01GM104303","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337354","funder_display_name":"National Institute of General Medical Sciences"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2981891787","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"U01CA198934","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337351","funder_display_name":"National Cancer Institute"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3234351459","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"U01CA198934","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337348","funder_display_name":"National Human Genome Research Institute"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3739425547","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"U01CA198934","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","funder_display_name":"National Institutes of Health"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4286742083","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"CDRN130604608","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320308927","funder_display_name":"Patient-Centered Outcomes Research Institute"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6345100271","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"U54HG007963","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337348","funder_display_name":"National Human Genome Research Institute"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7102145957","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"U54HG007963","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","funder_display_name":"National Institutes of Health"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320308349","display_name":"Massachusetts General Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/002pd6e78"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320308927","display_name":"Patient-Centered Outcomes Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/014q65q44"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320309575","display_name":"Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center","ror":"https://ror.org/01hcyya48"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","display_name":"National Institutes of Health","ror":"https://ror.org/01cwqze88"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337348","display_name":"National Human Genome Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/00baak391"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337351","display_name":"National Cancer Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/040gcmg81"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337354","display_name":"National Institute of General Medical Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/04q48ey07"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2741416490.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2741416490.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":26,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W115293911","https://openalex.org/W169580636","https://openalex.org/W1920958208","https://openalex.org/W1963579426","https://openalex.org/W1973680365","https://openalex.org/W1976038767","https://openalex.org/W2018025378","https://openalex.org/W2058129913","https://openalex.org/W2058973057","https://openalex.org/W2076652359","https://openalex.org/W2104608657","https://openalex.org/W2109347377","https://openalex.org/W2116789248","https://openalex.org/W2127791615","https://openalex.org/W2135589624","https://openalex.org/W2137767404","https://openalex.org/W2138527767","https://openalex.org/W2160528017","https://openalex.org/W2162995595","https://openalex.org/W2186798082","https://openalex.org/W2319724808","https://openalex.org/W2406510749","https://openalex.org/W6604735148","https://openalex.org/W6669636941","https://openalex.org/W6713735521","https://openalex.org/W7073804474"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4380150146","https://openalex.org/W3024870410","https://openalex.org/W2410652950","https://openalex.org/W2245747428","https://openalex.org/W2554558516","https://openalex.org/W2355354922","https://openalex.org/W2527724968","https://openalex.org/W2356296688","https://openalex.org/W2413325029","https://openalex.org/W2739554337"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"OBJECTIVE:":[0],"One":[1],"promise":[2],"of":[3,6,14,72,90,98,105,115,137,162,204,228,234],"nationwide":[4],"adoption":[5],"electronic":[7],"health":[8,31,128],"records":[9],"(EHRs)":[10],"is":[11],"the":[12,23,43,70,75,96,119,160,205,226,229,232,238,241],"availability":[13],"data":[15,34,67,121,143,148,156,208,230,239],"for":[16,47,66,95,122],"large-scale":[17],"clinical":[18],"research":[19],"studies.":[20],"However,":[21],"because":[22],"same":[24],"patient":[25,243],"could":[26,54],"be":[27,55],"treated":[28],"at":[29,126,177],"multiple":[30],"care":[32,129],"institutions,":[33],"from":[35,167],"only":[36],"a":[37,88,132],"single":[38],"site":[39],"might":[40],"not":[41],"contain":[42],"complete":[44],"medical":[45],"history":[46],"that":[48,51,93,187],"patient,":[49],"meaning":[50],"critical":[52],"events":[53],"missing.":[56],"In":[57],"this":[58],"study,":[59],"we":[60],"evaluate":[61],"how":[62],"simple":[63],"heuristic":[64],"checks":[65],"\"completeness\"":[68],"affect":[69],"number":[71],"patients":[73,125,163,171],"in":[74,147,169,174,225],"resulting":[76,242],"cohort":[77],"and":[78,102,107,131,152,195,199],"introduce":[79],"potential":[80],"biases.":[81],"MATERIALS":[82],"AND":[83,213],"METHODS:":[84],"We":[85],"began":[86],"with":[87,164,176,231],"set":[89],"16":[91],"filters":[92,117,189],"check":[94],"presence":[97],"demographics,":[99],"laboratory":[100],"tests,":[101],"other":[103],"types":[104],"data,":[106],"then":[108],"systematically":[109],"applied":[110],"all":[111,170],"216":[112],"possible":[113],"combinations":[114],"these":[116],"to":[118,172,221],"EHR":[120,142],"12":[123],"million":[124,139],"7":[127,138],"systems":[130],"separate":[133],"payor":[134],"claims":[135,183],"database":[136],"members.":[140],"RESULTS:":[141],"showed":[144,186],"considerable":[145],"variability":[146],"completeness":[149,227],"across":[150],"sites":[151],"high":[153],"correlation":[154],"between":[155],"types.":[157],"For":[158],"example,":[159],"fraction":[161],"diagnoses":[165],"increased":[166],"35.0%":[168],"90.9%":[173],"those":[175],"least":[178],"1":[179],"medication.":[180],"An":[181],"unrelated":[182],"dataset":[184],"independently":[185],"most":[188],"select":[190],"members":[191],"who":[192],"are":[193,209],"older":[194],"more":[196],"likely":[197],"female":[198],"can":[200],"eliminate":[201],"large":[202],"portions":[203],"population":[206],"whose":[207],"actually":[210],"complete.":[211],"DISCUSSION":[212],"CONCLUSION:":[214],"As":[215],"investigators":[216],"design":[217],"studies,":[218],"they":[219],"need":[220],"balance":[222],"their":[223],"confidence":[224],"effects":[233],"placing":[235],"requirements":[236],"on":[237,240],"cohort.":[244]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-29T09:16:38.111599","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
