{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2663411944","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jamia/ocx056","title":"Unit conversions between LOINC codes","display_name":"Unit conversions between LOINC codes","publication_year":2017,"publication_date":"2017-05-08","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2663411944","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jamia/ocx056","mag":"2663411944","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28637208"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1093/jamia/ocx056","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jamia/ocx056","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S129839026","display_name":"Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association","issn_l":"1067-5027","issn":["1067-5027","1527-974X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/6251580","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071921213","display_name":"Ronald G. Hauser","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7361-7162"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I32971472","display_name":"Yale University","ror":"https://ror.org/03v76x132","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32971472"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210086971","display_name":"VA Connecticut Healthcare System","ror":"https://ror.org/000rgm762","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1322918889","https://openalex.org/I2799886695","https://openalex.org/I4210086971","https://openalex.org/I4210095851"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ronald G Hauser","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA","Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare, West Haven, CT, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32971472"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare, West Haven, CT, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210086971"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013322672","display_name":"Douglas B. Quine","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3250-5586"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802074625","display_name":"Bridgeport Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/000yct867","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2802074625","https://openalex.org/I4210117499"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210086971","display_name":"VA Connecticut Healthcare System","ror":"https://ror.org/000rgm762","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1322918889","https://openalex.org/I2799886695","https://openalex.org/I4210086971","https://openalex.org/I4210095851"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Douglas B Quine","raw_affiliation_strings":["Main Laboratory, Bridgeport Hospital, Bridgeport, CT, USA","Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare, West Haven, CT, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Main Laboratory, Bridgeport Hospital, Bridgeport, CT, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802074625"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare, West Haven, CT, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210086971"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059043893","display_name":"Alex B. Ryder","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I160606119","display_name":"University of Tennessee Health Science Center","ror":"https://ror.org/0011qv509","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I160606119"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210156806","display_name":"Le Bonheur Children's Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/056wg8a82","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210156806"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alex Ryder","raw_affiliation_strings":["Children\u2019s Foundation Research Institute, Le Bonheur Children\u2019s Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA","Department of Pediatrics and Department of Pathology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA","Children's Foundation Research Institute, Le Bonheur Children's Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Children\u2019s Foundation Research Institute, Le Bonheur Children\u2019s Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210156806"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Pediatrics and Department of Pathology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I160606119"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Children's Foundation Research Institute, Le Bonheur Children's Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210156806"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081502434","display_name":"Sheldon Campbell","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8017-7003"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I32971472","display_name":"Yale University","ror":"https://ror.org/03v76x132","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32971472"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210086971","display_name":"VA Connecticut Healthcare System","ror":"https://ror.org/000rgm762","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1322918889","https://openalex.org/I2799886695","https://openalex.org/I4210086971","https://openalex.org/I4210095851"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sheldon Campbell","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA","Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare, West Haven, CT, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32971472"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare, West Haven, CT, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210086971"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5071921213"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32971472","https://openalex.org/I4210086971"],"apc_list":{"value":3967,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3967},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.8175,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":21,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.88691689,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"25","issue":"2","first_page":"192","last_page":"196"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11269","display_name":"Algorithms and Data Compression","score":0.9681000113487244,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11269","display_name":"Algorithms and Data Compression","score":0.9681000113487244,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11697","display_name":"Numerical Methods and Algorithms","score":0.9668999910354614,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11623","display_name":"Hyperglycemia and glycemic control in critically ill and hospitalized patients","score":0.9639999866485596,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2712","display_name":"Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/unit","display_name":"Unit (ring theory)","score":0.6386050581932068},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5460659265518188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.32623809576034546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.1762830913066864}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C122637931","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q118084","display_name":"Unit (ring theory)","level":2,"score":0.6386050581932068},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5460659265518188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.32623809576034546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.1762830913066864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145420912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q853077","display_name":"Mathematics education","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D002984","descriptor_name":"Clinical Laboratory Information Systems","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D002984","descriptor_name":"Clinical Laboratory Information Systems","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D002984","descriptor_name":"Clinical Laboratory Information Systems","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D007753","descriptor_name":"Laboratories","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007753","descriptor_name":"Laboratories","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007753","descriptor_name":"Laboratories","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D039703","descriptor_name":"Logical Observation Identifiers Names and Codes","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D039703","descriptor_name":"Logical Observation Identifiers Names and Codes","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D039703","descriptor_name":"Logical Observation Identifiers Names and Codes","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D055641","descriptor_name":"Mathematical Concepts","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D055641","descriptor_name":"Mathematical Concepts","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D055641","descriptor_name":"Mathematical Concepts","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1093/jamia/ocx056","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jamia/ocx056","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S129839026","display_name":"Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association","issn_l":"1067-5027","issn":["1067-5027","1527-974X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:europepmc.org:5222501","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://europepmc.org/pmc/articles/PMC6251580","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:6251580","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/6251580","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"J Am Med Inform Assoc","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmid:28637208","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28637208","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association : JAMIA","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:6251580","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/6251580","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"J Am Med Inform Assoc","raw_type":"Text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.6299999952316284}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G32168907","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"T32HL007974","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337338","funder_display_name":"National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337338","display_name":"National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/012pb6c26"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":10,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1977959660","https://openalex.org/W2014588694","https://openalex.org/W2018787662","https://openalex.org/W2035955358","https://openalex.org/W2050208463","https://openalex.org/W2055008611","https://openalex.org/W2110036369","https://openalex.org/W2122087674","https://openalex.org/W2127060478","https://openalex.org/W4212850438"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2390279801","https://openalex.org/W2358668433","https://openalex.org/W2376932109","https://openalex.org/W2001405890","https://openalex.org/W2382290278","https://openalex.org/W2478288626","https://openalex.org/W2350741829","https://openalex.org/W2530322880","https://openalex.org/W1596801655"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Logical":[0],"Observation":[1],"Identifiers":[2],"Names":[3],"and":[4,37,73,95,100,122],"Codes":[5],"(LOINC)":[6],"is":[7],"the":[8,89,102,132,148],"most":[9],"widely":[10],"used":[11],"controlled":[12],"vocabulary":[13],"to":[14,87,131,138,150],"identify":[15],"laboratory":[16,20,48,76,135],"tests.":[17],"A":[18],"given":[19],"test":[21,49,136],"can":[22],"often":[23],"be":[24],"reported":[25],"in":[26],"more":[27],"than":[28],"1":[29],"unit":[30,64],"of":[31,63,75,134],"measure":[32],"(eg,":[33],"grams":[34],"or":[35],"moles),":[36],"LOINC":[38,59,68,90],"defines":[39],"unique":[40],"codes":[41,69],"for":[42,92,114],"each":[43],"unit.":[44],"Consequently,":[45],"an":[46],"identical":[47],"performed":[50],"by":[51],"2":[52],"different":[53,58],"clinical":[54,116],"laboratories":[55],"may":[56,145],"have":[57],"codes.":[60],"The":[61],"absence":[62],"conversions":[65,109,113,128],"between":[66],"compatible":[67,152],"impedes":[70],"data":[71],"aggregation":[72,133],"analysis":[74],"results.":[77,153],"To":[78],"develop":[79],"such":[80,118],"conversions,":[81,94],"a":[82],"computational":[83],"process":[84],"was":[85],"developed":[86],"review":[88],"standard":[91],"potential":[93],"multiple":[96],"expert":[97],"reviewers":[98],"oversaw":[99],"finalized":[101],"conversion":[103],"list.":[104],"In":[105],"all,":[106],"285":[107],"bidirectional":[108],"were":[110,129],"identified,":[111],"including":[112],"routine":[115],"tests":[117],"as":[119],"sodium,":[120],"magnesium,":[121],"human":[123],"immunodeficiency":[124],"virus":[125],"(HIV).":[126],"Unit":[127],"applied":[130],"results":[137],"demonstrate":[139],"their":[140],"usefulness.":[141],"Diverse":[142],"informatics":[143],"projects":[144],"benefit":[146],"from":[147],"ability":[149],"interconvert":[151]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-08-11T07:18:39.950985","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}