{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2514033258","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jamia/ocw109","title":"A long journey to short abbreviations: developing an open-source framework for clinical abbreviation recognition and disambiguation (CARD)","display_name":"A long journey to short abbreviations: developing an open-source framework for clinical abbreviation recognition and disambiguation (CARD)","publication_year":2016,"publication_date":"2016-08-18","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2514033258","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jamia/ocw109","mag":"2514033258","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27539197"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1093/jamia/ocw109","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jamia/ocw109","pdf_url":"https://academic.oup.com/jamia/article-pdf/24/e1/e79/10995317/ocw109.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S129839026","display_name":"Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association","issn_l":"1067-5027","issn":["1067-5027","1527-974X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://academic.oup.com/jamia/article-pdf/24/e1/e79/10995317/ocw109.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010253402","display_name":"Yonghui Wu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6780-6135"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I919571938","display_name":"The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston","ror":"https://ror.org/03gds6c39","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I919571938"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yonghui Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Biomedical Informatics, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Biomedical Informatics, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I919571938"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070908224","display_name":"Joshua C. Denny","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3049-7332"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I200719446","display_name":"Vanderbilt University","ror":"https://ror.org/02vm5rt34","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200719446"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Joshua C Denny","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Biomedical Informatics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee","Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biomedical Informatics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200719446"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200719446"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067888399","display_name":"S. Trent Rosenbloom","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7455-2260"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I200719446","display_name":"Vanderbilt University","ror":"https://ror.org/02vm5rt34","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200719446"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"S Trent Rosenbloom","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Biomedical Informatics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee","Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biomedical Informatics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200719446"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200719446"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069987722","display_name":"Randolph A. Miller","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I200719446","display_name":"Vanderbilt University","ror":"https://ror.org/02vm5rt34","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200719446"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Randolph A Miller","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Biomedical Informatics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee","Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biomedical Informatics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200719446"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200719446"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071482728","display_name":"Dario A. Giuse","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2677-6734"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I200719446","display_name":"Vanderbilt University","ror":"https://ror.org/02vm5rt34","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200719446"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dario A Giuse","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Biomedical Informatics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biomedical Informatics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200719446"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100444623","display_name":"Lulu Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7466-9522"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I200719446","display_name":"Vanderbilt University","ror":"https://ror.org/02vm5rt34","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200719446"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lulu Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200719446"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009992436","display_name":"Carmelo Blanquicett","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1041-2490"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I32389192","display_name":"University of Alabama at Birmingham","ror":"https://ror.org/008s83205","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32389192"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Carmelo Blanquicett","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32389192"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028102692","display_name":"Ergin Soysal","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2107-0580"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I919571938","display_name":"The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston","ror":"https://ror.org/03gds6c39","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I919571938"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ergin Soysal","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Biomedical Informatics, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Biomedical Informatics, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I919571938"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040253195","display_name":"Jun Xu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2934-4814"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I919571938","display_name":"The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston","ror":"https://ror.org/03gds6c39","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I919571938"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jun Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Biomedical Informatics, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Biomedical Informatics, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I919571938"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084072550","display_name":"Hua Xu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5274-4672"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I919571938","display_name":"The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston","ror":"https://ror.org/03gds6c39","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I919571938"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Hua Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Biomedical Informatics, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Biomedical Informatics, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I919571938"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5084072550"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I919571938"],"apc_list":{"value":3967,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3967},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.4424,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":80,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.94938122,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"24","issue":"e1","first_page":"e79","last_page":"e86"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11710","display_name":"Biomedical Text Mining and Ontologies","score":0.9120000004768372,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11710","display_name":"Biomedical Text Mining and Ontologies","score":0.9120000004768372,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12790","display_name":"Nursing Diagnosis and Documentation","score":0.032999999821186066,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2910","display_name":"Issues, ethics and legal aspects"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/29","display_name":"Nursing"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.00570000009611249,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.741685688495636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.724343478679657},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.629824161529541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-retrieval","display_name":"Information retrieval","score":0.4854920208454132},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/named-entity-recognition","display_name":"Named-entity recognition","score":0.4706636667251587},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/clinical-practice","display_name":"Clinical Practice","score":0.4110106825828552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.26076123118400574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/task","display_name":"Task (project management)","score":0.19492140412330627}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.741685688495636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.724343478679657},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.629824161529541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23123220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q816826","display_name":"Information retrieval","level":1,"score":0.4854920208454132},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779135771","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q403574","display_name":"Named-entity recognition","level":3,"score":0.4706636667251587},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779974597","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q28448986","display_name":"Clinical Practice","level":2,"score":0.4110106825828552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.26076123118400574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.19492140412330627},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187736073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2920921","display_name":"Management","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C512399662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3505712","display_name":"Family medicine","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000004","descriptor_name":"Abbreviations as Topic","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000004","descriptor_name":"Abbreviations as Topic","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000004","descriptor_name":"Abbreviations as Topic","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000069550","descriptor_name":"Machine Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000069550","descriptor_name":"Machine Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000069550","descriptor_name":"Machine Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009323","descriptor_name":"Natural Language Processing","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D009323","descriptor_name":"Natural Language Processing","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D009323","descriptor_name":"Natural Language Processing","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D010351","descriptor_name":"Patient Discharge","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010351","descriptor_name":"Patient Discharge","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010351","descriptor_name":"Patient Discharge","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D057286","descriptor_name":"Electronic Health Records","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D057286","descriptor_name":"Electronic Health Records","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D057286","descriptor_name":"Electronic Health Records","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1093/jamia/ocw109","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jamia/ocw109","pdf_url":"https://academic.oup.com/jamia/article-pdf/24/e1/e79/10995317/ocw109.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S129839026","display_name":"Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association","issn_l":"1067-5027","issn":["1067-5027","1527-974X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:27539197","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27539197","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association : JAMIA","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:7651947","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/7651947","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"J Am Med Inform Assoc","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1093/jamia/ocw109","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jamia/ocw109","pdf_url":"https://academic.oup.com/jamia/article-pdf/24/e1/e79/10995317/ocw109.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S129839026","display_name":"Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association","issn_l":"1067-5027","issn":["1067-5027","1527-974X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","score":0.6800000071525574,"display_name":"Quality Education"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2359650509","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"1R01GM103859","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337372","funder_display_name":"U.S. National Library of Medicine"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2874678859","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"R01 GM103859","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337354","funder_display_name":"National Institute of General Medical Sciences"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4664183492","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"R01LM010681","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337372","funder_display_name":"U.S. National Library of Medicine"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5278278750","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"1R01GM102282","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337372","funder_display_name":"U.S. National Library of Medicine"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7919079367","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"R01 LM010681","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337372","funder_display_name":"U.S. National Library of Medicine"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8984988633","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2R01LM010681-05","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337372","funder_display_name":"U.S. National Library of Medicine"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337354","display_name":"National Institute of General Medical Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/04q48ey07"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337372","display_name":"U.S. National Library of Medicine","ror":"https://ror.org/0060t0j89"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":53,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W42510333","https://openalex.org/W49934205","https://openalex.org/W85269015","https://openalex.org/W105395820","https://openalex.org/W128190844","https://openalex.org/W166317135","https://openalex.org/W192539577","https://openalex.org/W795008685","https://openalex.org/W1504212872","https://openalex.org/W1512170015","https://openalex.org/W1537431711","https://openalex.org/W1548184736","https://openalex.org/W1550258693","https://openalex.org/W1573048037","https://openalex.org/W1656666520","https://openalex.org/W1756650108","https://openalex.org/W1869958975","https://openalex.org/W1984293430","https://openalex.org/W2001004455","https://openalex.org/W2006776184","https://openalex.org/W2013989975","https://openalex.org/W2046788142","https://openalex.org/W2100199368","https://openalex.org/W2104254426","https://openalex.org/W2114388055","https://openalex.org/W2122402213","https://openalex.org/W2132116671","https://openalex.org/W2143902665","https://openalex.org/W2146089916","https://openalex.org/W2153635508","https://openalex.org/W2159583324","https://openalex.org/W2162108374","https://openalex.org/W2250962271","https://openalex.org/W2295240344","https://openalex.org/W2397636431","https://openalex.org/W2436001372","https://openalex.org/W4232730232","https://openalex.org/W4255228815","https://openalex.org/W6601735882","https://openalex.org/W6602039197","https://openalex.org/W6603476990","https://openalex.org/W6604294793","https://openalex.org/W6605190619","https://openalex.org/W6606811024","https://openalex.org/W6607783245","https://openalex.org/W6622850545","https://openalex.org/W6632766574","https://openalex.org/W6632812989","https://openalex.org/W6634358093","https://openalex.org/W6636978527","https://openalex.org/W6691790279","https://openalex.org/W6712513459","https://openalex.org/W6759052712"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3199871245","https://openalex.org/W2915436880","https://openalex.org/W3017222382","https://openalex.org/W3128216712","https://openalex.org/W3204019825","https://openalex.org/W3136915866","https://openalex.org/W4390279576","https://openalex.org/W2886890203","https://openalex.org/W4313535650","https://openalex.org/W2287770975"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"OBJECTIVE:":[0],"The":[1,229],"goal":[2],"of":[3,74,178],"this":[4],"study":[5],"was":[6],"to":[7,28,59,70,89,197],"develop":[8],"a":[9,63,116,123,187,253],"practical":[10],"framework":[11,39,250],"for":[12,40,83,104,155,180,238,256],"recognizing":[13,223],"and":[14,44,76,98,109,137,145,182,199,235],"disambiguating":[15,183],"clinical":[16,21,32,41,64,84,90,127,201,227,261],"abbreviations,":[17,75],"thereby":[18],"improving":[19,257],"current":[20],"natural":[22],"language":[23],"processing":[24],"(NLP)":[25],"systems'":[26],"capability":[27],"handle":[29],"abbreviations":[30,61,105,141,160,185],"in":[31,106,161,186,222,226,260],"narratives.":[33],"METHODS:":[34],"We":[35,86,246],"developed":[36,51,115],"an":[37,175],"open-source":[38],"abbreviation":[42,258],"recognition":[43],"disambiguation":[45,81],"(CARD)":[46],"that":[47,118,215],"leverages":[48],"our":[49],"previously":[50],"methods,":[52],"including:":[53],"(1)":[54],"machine":[55],"learning":[56],"based":[57],"approaches":[58],"recognize":[60],"from":[62,92,142,170,189],"corpus,":[65],"(2)":[66],"clustering-based":[67],"semiautomated":[68],"methods":[69,82],"generate":[71],"possible":[72],"senses":[73],"(3)":[77],"profile-based":[78],"word":[79],"sense":[80,102,151,167,233],"abbreviations.":[85],"applied":[87],"CARD":[88,120,133,173,230,249],"corpora":[91],"Vanderbilt":[93],"University":[94],"Medical":[95],"Center":[96],"(VUMC)":[97],"generated":[99],"2":[100,163,232],"comprehensive":[101],"inventories":[103,152,168],"discharge":[107,143,171,192],"summaries":[108,144],"clinic":[110,146],"visit":[111,147],"notes.":[112,228],"Furthermore,":[113],"we":[114,212],"wrapper":[117,218,237],"integrates":[119],"with":[121],"MetaMap,":[122],"widely":[124],"used":[125],"general":[126],"NLP":[128,262],"system.":[129],"RESULTS":[130],"AND":[131],"CONCLUSION:":[132],"detected":[134],"27":[135],"317":[136],"107":[138],"303":[139],"distinct":[140],"notes,":[148],"respectively.":[149],"Two":[150],"were":[153],"constructed":[154],"the":[156,166,190,216,236,248],"1000":[157],"most":[158],"frequent":[159],"these":[162],"corpora.":[164],"Using":[165,208],"created":[169],"summaries,":[172,193],"achieved":[174],"F1":[176],"score":[177],"0.755":[179],"identifying":[181],"all":[184],"corpus":[188],"VUMC":[191],"which":[194],"is":[195],"superior":[196],"MetaMap":[198,239],"Apache's":[200],"Text":[202],"Analysis":[203],"Knowledge":[204],"Extraction":[205],"System":[206],"(cTAKES).":[207],"additional":[209],"external":[210],"corpora,":[211],"also":[213],"demonstrated":[214],"MetaMap-CARD":[217],"improved":[219],"MetaMap's":[220],"performance":[221],"disorder":[224],"entities":[225],"framework,":[231],"inventories,":[234],"are":[240],"publicly":[241],"available":[242],"at":[243],"https://sbmi.uth.edu/ccb/resources/abbreviation.htm":[244],".":[245],"believe":[247],"can":[251],"be":[252],"valuable":[254],"resource":[255],"identification":[259],"systems.":[263]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-13T07:31:44.756512","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}