{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7154609842","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jamia/ocag051","title":"Targeted use of large language models for EHR-based computable phenotyping","display_name":"Targeted use of large language models for EHR-based computable phenotyping","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-03-31","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7154609842","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jamia/ocag051","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41990328"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1093/jamia/ocag051","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jamia/ocag051","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S129839026","display_name":"Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association","issn_l":"1067-5027","issn":["1067-5027","1527-974X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41990328/","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113352761","display_name":"Dylan Owens","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I867280407","display_name":"The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center","ror":"https://ror.org/05byvp690","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I867280407"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dylan Owens","raw_affiliation_strings":["Office of Clinical Research, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center , Dallas, TX 75390,"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-9883-6001","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Office of Clinical Research, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center , Dallas, TX 75390,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I867280407"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112108448","display_name":"Jing Cao","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I178169726","display_name":"Southern Methodist University","ror":"https://ror.org/042tdr378","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I178169726"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jing Cao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Statistics and Data Science, Southern Methodist University , Dallas, TX 75205,"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Statistics and Data Science, Southern Methodist University , Dallas, TX 75205,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I178169726"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5133783147","display_name":"Mehak Gupta","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I178169726","display_name":"Southern Methodist University","ror":"https://ror.org/042tdr378","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I178169726"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mehak Gupta","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, Southern Methodist University , Dallas, TX 75205,"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Southern Methodist University , Dallas, TX 75205,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I178169726"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5107146110","display_name":"Danh Nguyen","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I867280407","display_name":"The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center","ror":"https://ror.org/05byvp690","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I867280407"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Danh Nguyen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center , Dallas, TX 75390,"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center , Dallas, TX 75390,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I867280407"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5125205542","display_name":"E D Peterson","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1286960001","display_name":"Parkland Health & Hospital System","ror":"https://ror.org/04rt7ps04","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1286960001"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I867280407","display_name":"The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center","ror":"https://ror.org/05byvp690","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I867280407"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Eric Peterson","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center , Dallas, TX 75390,","Department of Medicine, Parkland Health and Hospital System , Dallas , TX 75235,","Office of Clinical Research, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center , Dallas, TX 75390,"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center , Dallas, TX 75390,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I867280407"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Medicine, Parkland Health and Hospital System , Dallas , TX 75235,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1286960001"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Office of Clinical Research, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center , Dallas, TX 75390,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I867280407"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019236410","display_name":"A.M. Navar","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1286960001","display_name":"Parkland Health & Hospital System","ror":"https://ror.org/04rt7ps04","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1286960001"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I867280407","display_name":"The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center","ror":"https://ror.org/05byvp690","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I867280407"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ann Marie Navar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center , Dallas, TX 75390,","Department of Medicine, Parkland Health and Hospital System , Dallas , TX 75235,","Department of Population and Data Sciences, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center , Dallas, TX 75390,"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6197-9860","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center , Dallas, TX 75390,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I867280407"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Medicine, Parkland Health and Hospital System , Dallas , TX 75235,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1286960001"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Population and Data Sciences, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center , Dallas, TX 75390,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I867280407"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":3967,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3967},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.56426368,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"33","issue":"6","first_page":"1167","last_page":"1178"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13702","display_name":"Machine Learning in Healthcare","score":0.7479000091552734,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13702","display_name":"Machine Learning in Healthcare","score":0.7479000091552734,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11636","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare and Education","score":0.12389999628067017,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2718","display_name":"Health Informatics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10350","display_name":"Electronic Health Records Systems","score":0.04039999842643738,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3605","display_name":"Health Information Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/36","display_name":"Health Professions"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/probabilistic-logic","display_name":"Probabilistic logic","score":0.7213000059127808},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/triage","display_name":"Triage","score":0.7081999778747559},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/unstructured-data","display_name":"Unstructured data","score":0.5809999704360962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/language-model","display_name":"Language model","score":0.37529999017715454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cohort","display_name":"Cohort","score":0.3596999943256378},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sensitivity","display_name":"Sensitivity (control systems)","score":0.3368000090122223},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-quality","display_name":"Data quality","score":0.33489999175071716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistical-model","display_name":"Statistical model","score":0.32519999146461487}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49937458","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2599292","display_name":"Probabilistic logic","level":2,"score":0.7213000059127808},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777120189","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q780067","display_name":"Triage","level":2,"score":0.7081999778747559},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6815000176429749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781252014","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1141900","display_name":"Unstructured data","level":3,"score":0.5809999704360962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.5311999917030334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.46720001101493835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.38929998874664307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137293760","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3621696","display_name":"Language model","level":2,"score":0.37529999017715454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.36149999499320984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C72563966","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1303415","display_name":"Cohort","level":2,"score":0.3596999943256378},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21200559","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7451068","display_name":"Sensitivity (control systems)","level":2,"score":0.3368000090122223},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24756922","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1757694","display_name":"Data quality","level":3,"score":0.33489999175071716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114289077","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3284399","display_name":"Statistical model","level":2,"score":0.32519999146461487},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.32519999146461487},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105339364","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2297740","display_name":"Software deployment","level":2,"score":0.32199999690055847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3019952477","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1324077","display_name":"Health records","level":3,"score":0.31709998846054077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2983448237","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1078276","display_name":"Language understanding","level":2,"score":0.30820000171661377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119898033","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3433888","display_name":"Ensemble forecasting","level":2,"score":0.30079999566078186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9357733","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6878417","display_name":"Missing data","level":2,"score":0.28999999165534973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.289900004863739},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45942800","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q245652","display_name":"Ensemble learning","level":2,"score":0.28200000524520874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C535046627","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30612","display_name":"Clinical trial","level":2,"score":0.2678999900817871},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779530757","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1207505","display_name":"Quality (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.2671999931335449},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780724011","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1295316","display_name":"Emergency department","level":2,"score":0.26600000262260437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66024118","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1122506","display_name":"Computational model","level":2,"score":0.2639000117778778}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000098342","descriptor_name":"Large Language Models","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000098342","descriptor_name":"Large Language Models","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003920","descriptor_name":"Diabetes Mellitus","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003920","descriptor_name":"Diabetes Mellitus","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009323","descriptor_name":"Natural Language Processing","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D009323","descriptor_name":"Natural Language Processing","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D010641","descriptor_name":"Phenotype","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D010641","descriptor_name":"Phenotype","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D014218","descriptor_name":"Triage","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014218","descriptor_name":"Triage","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D057286","descriptor_name":"Electronic Health Records","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D057286","descriptor_name":"Electronic Health Records","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1093/jamia/ocag051","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jamia/ocag051","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S129839026","display_name":"Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association","issn_l":"1067-5027","issn":["1067-5027","1527-974X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:41990328","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41990328","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association : JAMIA","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:13197181","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41990328/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"J Am Med Inform Assoc","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:13197181","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41990328/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"J Am Med Inform Assoc","raw_type":"Text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.5961591005325317,"display_name":"Quality Education","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5858483274","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"5T32HL12524710","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","funder_display_name":"National Institutes of Health"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G658219538","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"T-32 (5T32HL12524710)","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","funder_display_name":"National Institutes of Health"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320310169","display_name":"University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center","ror":"https://ror.org/05byvp690"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","display_name":"National Institutes of Health","ror":"https://ror.org/01cwqze88"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":33,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2050091824","https://openalex.org/W2074847887","https://openalex.org/W2092547075","https://openalex.org/W2112316706","https://openalex.org/W2121382432","https://openalex.org/W2138162199","https://openalex.org/W2141007997","https://openalex.org/W2803290558","https://openalex.org/W2808129629","https://openalex.org/W2808320024","https://openalex.org/W2898155085","https://openalex.org/W2902537416","https://openalex.org/W2903877319","https://openalex.org/W2916333596","https://openalex.org/W3095791468","https://openalex.org/W3119385233","https://openalex.org/W3131698376","https://openalex.org/W3184498928","https://openalex.org/W4312113143","https://openalex.org/W4322743452","https://openalex.org/W4379509232","https://openalex.org/W4387526446","https://openalex.org/W4389205282","https://openalex.org/W4389946623","https://openalex.org/W4391292768","https://openalex.org/W4393147129","https://openalex.org/W4396864223","https://openalex.org/W4399738410","https://openalex.org/W4400324908","https://openalex.org/W4402324956","https://openalex.org/W4407303428","https://openalex.org/W4412653751","https://openalex.org/W4412779506"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"OBJECTIVE:":[0],"Computable":[1],"phenotypes":[2,216],"derived":[3],"from":[4,27,154,182],"electronic":[5],"health":[6],"records":[7],"(EHRs)":[8],"are":[9],"central":[10],"to":[11,32,87,156,184,210,242],"clinical":[12,103],"research":[13],"and":[14,64,84,129,137,234],"quality":[15],"reporting.":[16],"Although":[17],"large":[18],"language":[19],"models":[20],"(LLMs)":[21],"can":[22,46],"extract":[23],"clinically":[24],"rich":[25],"information":[26],"unstructured":[28,65,102],"notes,":[29],"routine":[30],"application":[31],"all":[33],"patients":[34,89,97,168,207],"is":[35],"computationally":[36],"expensive.":[37],"We":[38,56],"evaluated":[39,122],"whether":[40],"uncertainty-guided":[41,69,227],"selective":[42,59,145,177],"use":[43,205],"of":[44,73,93,101,160,166,197,229],"LLMs":[45,230],"improve":[47],"phenotyping":[48],"accuracy":[49],"while":[50,186],"preserving":[51],"scalability.":[52],"MATERIALS":[53],"AND":[54],"METHODS:":[55],"developed":[57],"a":[58,116,239],"augmentation":[60,146,178],"framework":[61],"integrating":[62],"structured":[63,78,172,220],"EHR":[66],"data":[67,79,173],"using":[68,105,134],"triage.":[70],"An":[71],"ensemble":[72],"heterogeneous":[74],"classifiers":[75],"trained":[76],"on":[77,206],"generated":[80],"probabilistic":[81,118],"phenotype":[82],"predictions":[83],"uncertainty":[85],"measures":[86],"identify":[88],"at":[90],"elevated":[91],"risk":[92],"misclassification.":[94],"Only":[95],"flagged":[96],"underwent":[98],"LLM-based":[99],"analysis":[100,193],"notes":[104],"retrieval-augmented":[106],"generation.":[107],"LLM-derived":[108],"outputs":[109],"were":[110],"incorporated":[111],"as":[112],"additional":[113],"predictors":[114],"in":[115,149,246],"final":[117],"model.":[119],"Performance":[120],"was":[121],"for":[123,194,215],"two":[124],"registry-based":[125],"phenotypes:":[126],"diabetes":[127,143],"mellitus":[128],"peripheral":[130],"arterial":[131],"disease":[132],"(PAD),":[133],"internal":[135,151],"cross-registry":[136],"external":[138],"validation":[139,152],"cohorts.":[140],"RESULTS:":[141],"For":[142,175],"mellitus,":[144],"improved":[147],"sensitivity":[148,181],"the":[150],"cohort":[153],"0.81":[155],"0.90":[157],"without":[158],"loss":[159],"specificity":[161,189],"(0.92).":[162],"More":[163],"than":[164],"70%":[165],"triage-flagged":[167],"represented":[169],"misclassifications":[170],"by":[171,219],"alone.":[174],"PAD,":[176],"markedly":[179],"increased":[180],"0.18":[183],"0.97":[185],"maintaining":[187],"high":[188],"(0.99),":[190],"requiring":[191],"LLM":[192,204,244],"only":[195],"10%":[196],"patients.":[198],"DISCUSSION:":[199],"Uncertainty-guided":[200],"triage":[201],"efficiently":[202],"concentrated":[203],"most":[208],"likely":[209],"benefit,":[211],"improving":[212],"case":[213],"identification-particularly":[214],"poorly":[217],"captured":[218],"data-while":[221],"minimizing":[222],"computational":[223],"burden.":[224],"CONCLUSION:":[225],"Selective,":[226],"integration":[228],"enables":[231],"scalable,":[232],"interpretable,":[233],"accurate":[235],"EHR-based":[236],"phenotyping,":[237],"offering":[238],"practical":[240],"alternative":[241],"universal":[243],"deployment":[245],"real-world":[247],"informatics":[248],"workflows.":[249]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2026-04-17T00:00:00"}
