{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4408405690","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jamia/ocaf039","title":"Emerging algorithmic bias: fairness drift as the next dimension of model maintenance and sustainability","display_name":"Emerging algorithmic bias: fairness drift as the next dimension of model maintenance and sustainability","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-03-13","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4408405690","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jamia/ocaf039","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40079820"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1093/jamia/ocaf039","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jamia/ocaf039","pdf_url":"https://academic.oup.com/jamia/advance-article-pdf/doi/10.1093/jamia/ocaf039/62400687/ocaf039.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S129839026","display_name":"Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association","issn_l":"1067-5027","issn":["1067-5027","1527-974X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://academic.oup.com/jamia/advance-article-pdf/doi/10.1093/jamia/ocaf039/62400687/ocaf039.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063516544","display_name":"Sharon E. Davis","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0792-8867"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I901861585","display_name":"Vanderbilt University Medical Center","ror":"https://ror.org/05dq2gs74","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210162197","https://openalex.org/I901861585"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sharon E Davis","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Biomedical Informatics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center , Nashville, TN 37203,","Department of Biomedical Informatics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37203, United States"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0792-8867","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biomedical Informatics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center , Nashville, TN 37203,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I901861585"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biomedical Informatics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37203, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I901861585"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075171209","display_name":"Chad Dorn","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4886-6159"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I901861585","display_name":"Vanderbilt University Medical Center","ror":"https://ror.org/05dq2gs74","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210162197","https://openalex.org/I901861585"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chad Dorn","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Biomedical Informatics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center , Nashville, TN 37203,","Department of Biomedical Informatics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37203, United States"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biomedical Informatics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center , Nashville, TN 37203,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I901861585"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biomedical Informatics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37203, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I901861585"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100613718","display_name":"Daniel Park","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2783-530X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I901861585","display_name":"Vanderbilt University Medical Center","ror":"https://ror.org/05dq2gs74","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210162197","https://openalex.org/I901861585"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Daniel J Park","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Biomedical Informatics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center , Nashville, TN 37203,","Department of Biomedical Informatics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37203, United States"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biomedical Informatics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center , Nashville, TN 37203,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I901861585"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biomedical Informatics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37203, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I901861585"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011689338","display_name":"Michael E. Matheny","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3217-4147"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2799886695","display_name":"Veterans Health Administration","ror":"https://ror.org/05eq41471","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1322918889","https://openalex.org/I2799886695"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210101790","display_name":"VA Tennessee Valley Healthcare System","ror":"https://ror.org/01c9rqr26","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1322918889","https://openalex.org/I2799886695","https://openalex.org/I4210101790","https://openalex.org/I4210112672"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I901861585","display_name":"Vanderbilt University Medical Center","ror":"https://ror.org/05dq2gs74","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210162197","https://openalex.org/I901861585"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Michael E Matheny","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Biomedical Informatics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center , Nashville, TN 37203,","Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center , Nashville, TN 37203,","Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center , Nashville, TN 37232,","Tennessee Valley Healthcare System VA Medical Center, Veterans Health Administration , Nashville, TN 37212,","Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, United States","Department of Biomedical Informatics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37203, United States","Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37203, United States","Tennessee Valley Healthcare System VA Medical Center, Veterans Health Administration, Nashville, TN 37212, United States"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biomedical Informatics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center , Nashville, TN 37203,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I901861585"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center , Nashville, TN 37203,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I901861585"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center , Nashville, TN 37232,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I901861585"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tennessee Valley Healthcare System VA Medical Center, Veterans Health Administration , Nashville, TN 37212,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210101790","https://openalex.org/I2799886695"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I901861585"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biomedical Informatics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37203, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I901861585"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37203, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I901861585"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tennessee Valley Healthcare System VA Medical Center, Veterans Health Administration, Nashville, TN 37212, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210101790","https://openalex.org/I2799886695"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":3967,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3967},"apc_paid":{"value":3967,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3967},"fwci":12.3176,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":29,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98674874,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"32","issue":"5","first_page":"845","last_page":"854"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11636","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare and Education","score":0.593999981880188,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2718","display_name":"Health Informatics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11636","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare and Education","score":0.593999981880188,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2718","display_name":"Health Informatics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10218","display_name":"Sepsis Diagnosis and Treatment","score":0.11860000342130661,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2713","display_name":"Epidemiology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13248","display_name":"Healthcare Technology and Patient Monitoring","score":0.02879999950528145,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2746","display_name":"Surgery"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operationalization","display_name":"Operationalization","score":0.587644100189209},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5747780203819275},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/metric","display_name":"Metric (unit)","score":0.5286890864372253},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/population","display_name":"Population","score":0.5220211148262024},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/performance-metric","display_name":"Performance metric","score":0.5215842127799988},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fairness-measure","display_name":"Fairness measure","score":0.42424309253692627},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.17398184537887573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/economics","display_name":"Economics","score":0.14365339279174805},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operations-management","display_name":"Operations management","score":0.14172199368476868},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.10131174325942993},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.09543642401695251}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9354725","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q286017","display_name":"Operationalization","level":2,"score":0.587644100189209},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5747780203819275},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C176217482","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860554","display_name":"Metric (unit)","level":2,"score":0.5286890864372253},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.5220211148262024},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780898871","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860554","display_name":"Performance metric","level":2,"score":0.5215842127799988},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11867375","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5430671","display_name":"Fairness measure","level":4,"score":0.42424309253692627},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.17398184537887573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.14365339279174805},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21547014","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423657","display_name":"Operations management","level":1,"score":0.14172199368476868},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.10131174325942993},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.09543642401695251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99454951","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q932068","display_name":"Environmental health","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157764524","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1383412","display_name":"Throughput","level":3,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187736073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2920921","display_name":"Management","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000368","descriptor_name":"Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000368","descriptor_name":"Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000368","descriptor_name":"Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000368","descriptor_name":"Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000368","descriptor_name":"Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000368","descriptor_name":"Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000368","descriptor_name":"Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000368","descriptor_name":"Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008875","descriptor_name":"Middle Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008875","descriptor_name":"Middle Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008875","descriptor_name":"Middle Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008875","descriptor_name":"Middle Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008875","descriptor_name":"Middle Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008875","descriptor_name":"Middle Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008875","descriptor_name":"Middle Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008875","descriptor_name":"Middle Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010359","descriptor_name":"Patient Readmission","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010359","descriptor_name":"Patient Readmission","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010359","descriptor_name":"Patient Readmission","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010359","descriptor_name":"Patient Readmission","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010359","descriptor_name":"Patient Readmission","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010359","descriptor_name":"Patient Readmission","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010359","descriptor_name":"Patient Readmission","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010359","descriptor_name":"Patient Readmission","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014481","descriptor_name":"United States","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014481","descriptor_name":"United States","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014481","descriptor_name":"United States","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014481","descriptor_name":"United States","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014481","descriptor_name":"United States","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014481","descriptor_name":"United States","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014481","descriptor_name":"United States","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014481","descriptor_name":"United States","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015233","descriptor_name":"Models, Statistical","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D015233","descriptor_name":"Models, Statistical","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D015233","descriptor_name":"Models, Statistical","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D015233","descriptor_name":"Models, Statistical","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D015233","descriptor_name":"Models, Statistical","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D015233","descriptor_name":"Models, Statistical","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D015233","descriptor_name":"Models, Statistical","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D015233","descriptor_name":"Models, Statistical","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D015982","descriptor_name":"Bias","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015982","descriptor_name":"Bias","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015982","descriptor_name":"Bias","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015982","descriptor_name":"Bias","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015982","descriptor_name":"Bias","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015982","descriptor_name":"Bias","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015982","descriptor_name":"Bias","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015982","descriptor_name":"Bias","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1093/jamia/ocaf039","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jamia/ocaf039","pdf_url":"https://academic.oup.com/jamia/advance-article-pdf/doi/10.1093/jamia/ocaf039/62400687/ocaf039.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S129839026","display_name":"Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association","issn_l":"1067-5027","issn":["1067-5027","1527-974X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:40079820","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40079820","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association : JAMIA","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:12012346","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/12012346","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"J Am Med Inform Assoc","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1093/jamia/ocaf039","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jamia/ocaf039","pdf_url":"https://academic.oup.com/jamia/advance-article-pdf/doi/10.1093/jamia/ocaf039/62400687/ocaf039.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S129839026","display_name":"Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association","issn_l":"1067-5027","issn":["1067-5027","1527-974X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":0.4300000071525574,"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4408405690.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":26,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2002788361","https://openalex.org/W2007941691","https://openalex.org/W2048301249","https://openalex.org/W2164862771","https://openalex.org/W2604834158","https://openalex.org/W2786582187","https://openalex.org/W2888109941","https://openalex.org/W2967329333","https://openalex.org/W2974817986","https://openalex.org/W3043023066","https://openalex.org/W3046113390","https://openalex.org/W3084539709","https://openalex.org/W3096597179","https://openalex.org/W3107969206","https://openalex.org/W3157651069","https://openalex.org/W3177617320","https://openalex.org/W3211709392","https://openalex.org/W4232929704","https://openalex.org/W4290033826","https://openalex.org/W4291144505","https://openalex.org/W4291823754","https://openalex.org/W4309658085","https://openalex.org/W4318927621","https://openalex.org/W4385490920","https://openalex.org/W4390674087","https://openalex.org/W4392282341"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4361804730","https://openalex.org/W2142113611","https://openalex.org/W2334467465","https://openalex.org/W2087870008","https://openalex.org/W2162534555","https://openalex.org/W2752178021","https://openalex.org/W2107419853","https://openalex.org/W2143024819","https://openalex.org/W4247159817","https://openalex.org/W2964201926"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"OBJECTIVES:":[0],"While":[1],"performance":[2,29,92,153],"drift":[3,39,50,136],"of":[4,25,86,159,178],"clinical":[5,232],"prediction":[6],"models":[7,72,163,182],"is":[8,34],"well-documented,":[9],"the":[10,117,139,165],"potential":[11],"for":[12],"algorithmic":[13,200,242],"biases":[14],"to":[15,36,96,240],"emerge":[16],"post-deployment":[17],"has":[18],"had":[19,147],"limited":[20],"characterization.":[21],"A":[22],"better":[23],"understanding":[24],"how":[26],"temporal":[27],"model":[28,41,61,209,222,249],"may":[30,215],"shift":[31],"across":[32],"subpopulations":[33],"required":[35],"incorporate":[37],"fairness":[38,49,111,135,155,174,179,184,190,201,214],"into":[40],"maintenance":[42,62],"strategies.":[43],"MATERIALS":[44],"AND":[45],"METHODS:":[46],"We":[47,68,90,103,133],"explore":[48],"in":[51,137,185,192,213,225],"a":[52,148],"national":[53],"population":[54,166],"over":[55],"11":[56],"years,":[57],"with":[58,221],"and":[59,78,101,107,109,121,141,188,219,230,247],"without":[60],"aimed":[63],"at":[64,164],"sustaining":[65],"population-level":[66],"performance.":[67],"trained":[69],"random":[70],"forest":[71],"predicting":[73],"30-day":[74],"post-surgical":[75],"readmission,":[76],"mortality,":[77],"pneumonia":[79],"using":[80,112],"2013":[81],"data":[82],"from":[83,94],"US":[84],"Department":[85],"Veterans":[87],"Affairs":[88],"facilities.":[89],"evaluated":[91],"quarterly":[93],"2014":[95],"2023":[97],"by":[98],"self-reported":[99],"race":[100],"sex.":[102],"estimated":[104],"discrimination,":[105],"calibration,":[106],"accuracy,":[108],"operationalized":[110],"metric":[113],"parity":[114],"measured":[115],"as":[116],"gap":[118],"between":[119],"disadvantaged":[120],"advantaged":[122],"groups.":[123],"RESULTS:":[124],"Our":[125],"cohort":[126],"included":[127],"1":[128],"739":[129],"666":[130],"surgical":[131],"cases.":[132],"observed":[134],"both":[138],"original":[140],"temporally":[142],"updated":[143],"models.":[144],"Model":[145],"updating":[146,162,181,223],"larger":[149],"impact":[150,173],"on":[151],"overall":[152],"than":[154],"gaps.":[156,175],"During":[157,176],"periods":[158,177],"stable":[160],"fairness,":[161,243],"level":[167],"increased,":[168],"decreased,":[169],"or":[170],"did":[171],"not":[172],"drift,":[180],"restored":[183],"some":[186],"cases":[187],"exacerbated":[189],"gaps":[191],"others.":[193],"DISCUSSION:":[194],"This":[195],"exploratory":[196],"study":[197],"highlights":[198],"that":[199,251],"cannot":[202],"be":[203],"assured":[204],"through":[205],"one-time":[206],"assessments":[207],"during":[208],"development.":[210],"Temporal":[211],"changes":[212],"take":[216],"multiple":[217],"forms":[218],"interact":[220],"strategies":[224],"unanticipated":[226],"ways.":[227],"CONCLUSION:":[228],"Equitable":[229],"sustainable":[231],"artificial":[233],"intelligence":[234],"deployments":[235],"will":[236],"require":[237],"novel":[238],"methods":[239],"monitor":[241],"detect":[244],"emerging":[245],"bias,":[246],"adopt":[248],"updates":[250],"promote":[252],"fairness.":[253]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":20},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":9}],"updated_date":"2026-06-19T17:40:00.097472","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}