{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4407707262","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jamia/ocae321","title":"Factors underpinning the performance of implemented artificial intelligence-based patient deterioration prediction systems: reasons for selection and implications for hospitals and researchers","display_name":"Factors underpinning the performance of implemented artificial intelligence-based patient deterioration prediction systems: reasons for selection and implications for hospitals and researchers","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-01-16","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4407707262","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jamia/ocae321","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39963969"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1093/jamia/ocae321","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jamia/ocae321","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S129839026","display_name":"Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association","issn_l":"1067-5027","issn":["1067-5027","1527-974X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jamia/ocae321","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050972455","display_name":"Anton van der Vegt","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5642-5188"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165143802","display_name":"The University of Queensland","ror":"https://ror.org/00rqy9422","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165143802"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Anton H van der Vegt","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centre for Health Services Research, The University of Queensland , Brisbane, QLD 4102,"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5642-5188","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre for Health Services Research, The University of Queensland , Brisbane, QLD 4102,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165143802"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101549053","display_name":"Victoria Campbell","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9846-9410"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I11701301","display_name":"Griffith University","ror":"https://ror.org/02sc3r913","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I11701301"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210101259","display_name":"Sunshine Coast University Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/017ay4a94","country_code":"AU","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1302211766","https://openalex.org/I2801244131","https://openalex.org/I4210101259"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Victoria Campbell","raw_affiliation_strings":["Intensive Care Unit, Sunshine Coast Hospital and Health Service , Birtinya, QLD 4575,","Patient Safety and Quality, Clinical Excellence Queensland , Brisbane, QLD 4001,","School of Medicine, Griffith University, Sunshine Coast University Hospital , Birtinya, QLD 4575,"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Intensive Care Unit, Sunshine Coast Hospital and Health Service , Birtinya, QLD 4575,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210101259"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Patient Safety and Quality, Clinical Excellence Queensland , Brisbane, QLD 4001,","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Medicine, Griffith University, Sunshine Coast University Hospital , Birtinya, QLD 4575,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I11701301","https://openalex.org/I4210101259"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100734860","display_name":"Shuyi Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4467-5574"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165143802","display_name":"The University of Queensland","ror":"https://ror.org/00rqy9422","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165143802"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shuyi Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, The University of Queensland , St Lucia, QLD 4067,"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, The University of Queensland , St Lucia, QLD 4067,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165143802"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038643774","display_name":"James Malycha","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9668-1431"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1320133117","display_name":"Royal Adelaide Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/00carf720","country_code":"AU","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1320133117","https://openalex.org/I4392738059"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"James Malycha","raw_affiliation_strings":["Intensive Care Department, Royal Adelaide Hospital , Adelaide, SA 5000,"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Intensive Care Department, Royal Adelaide Hospital , Adelaide, SA 5000,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1320133117"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054848977","display_name":"Ian Scott","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7596-0837"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165143802","display_name":"The University of Queensland","ror":"https://ror.org/00rqy9422","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165143802"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ian A Scott","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centre for Health Services Research, The University of Queensland , Brisbane, QLD 4102,","Metro South Digital Health and Informatics, Princess Alexandra Hospital , Brisbane, QLD 4102,"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre for Health Services Research, The University of Queensland , Brisbane, QLD 4102,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165143802"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Metro South Digital Health and Informatics, Princess Alexandra Hospital , Brisbane, QLD 4102,","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":3967,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3967},"apc_paid":{"value":3967,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3967},"fwci":6.8355,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":9,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97229189,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"32","issue":"3","first_page":"492","last_page":"509"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10218","display_name":"Sepsis Diagnosis and Treatment","score":0.6773999929428101,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2713","display_name":"Epidemiology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10218","display_name":"Sepsis Diagnosis and Treatment","score":0.6773999929428101,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2713","display_name":"Epidemiology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10508","display_name":"Patient Safety and Medication Errors","score":0.05689999833703041,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3604","display_name":"Emergency Medical Services"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/36","display_name":"Health Professions"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13690","display_name":"Quality and Safety in Healthcare","score":0.02280000038444996,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3607","display_name":"Medical Laboratory Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/36","display_name":"Health Professions"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6551418900489807},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6058750748634338},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/underpinning","display_name":"Underpinning","score":0.5970247983932495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.5707231760025024},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-selection","display_name":"Feature selection","score":0.5674558877944946},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-collection","display_name":"Data collection","score":0.4719121754169464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-science","display_name":"Data science","score":0.35108160972595215},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.16702339053153992}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6551418900489807},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6058750748634338},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780871342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7883752","display_name":"Underpinning","level":2,"score":0.5970247983932495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.5707231760025024},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148483581","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q446488","display_name":"Feature selection","level":2,"score":0.5674558877944946},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C133462117","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4929239","display_name":"Data collection","level":2,"score":0.4719121754169464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.35108160972595215},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.16702339053153992},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147176958","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77590","display_name":"Civil engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000069550","descriptor_name":"Machine Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000069550","descriptor_name":"Machine Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000069550","descriptor_name":"Machine Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000069550","descriptor_name":"Machine Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000069550","descriptor_name":"Machine Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000069550","descriptor_name":"Machine Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000075902","descriptor_name":"Clinical Deterioration","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000075902","descriptor_name":"Clinical Deterioration","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000075902","descriptor_name":"Clinical Deterioration","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000075902","descriptor_name":"Clinical Deterioration","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000075902","descriptor_name":"Clinical Deterioration","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000075902","descriptor_name":"Clinical Deterioration","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001185","descriptor_name":"Artificial Intelligence","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001185","descriptor_name":"Artificial Intelligence","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001185","descriptor_name":"Artificial Intelligence","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001185","descriptor_name":"Artificial Intelligence","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001185","descriptor_name":"Artificial Intelligence","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001185","descriptor_name":"Artificial Intelligence","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1093/jamia/ocae321","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jamia/ocae321","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S129839026","display_name":"Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association","issn_l":"1067-5027","issn":["1067-5027","1527-974X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:39963969","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39963969","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association : JAMIA","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:11833469","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/11833469","pdf_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11833469/pdf/ocae321.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"J Am Med Inform Assoc","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1093/jamia/ocae321","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jamia/ocae321","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S129839026","display_name":"Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association","issn_l":"1067-5027","issn":["1067-5027","1527-974X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321995","display_name":"Queensland Government","ror":"https://ror.org/037405308"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":50,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1788004298","https://openalex.org/W2039319538","https://openalex.org/W2096555119","https://openalex.org/W2096978103","https://openalex.org/W2169167455","https://openalex.org/W2340962713","https://openalex.org/W2522325416","https://openalex.org/W2597505554","https://openalex.org/W2811095531","https://openalex.org/W2899364832","https://openalex.org/W2902802452","https://openalex.org/W2905555762","https://openalex.org/W2913997948","https://openalex.org/W2922234936","https://openalex.org/W2945471000","https://openalex.org/W2945976633","https://openalex.org/W2963039415","https://openalex.org/W2979628670","https://openalex.org/W2999122965","https://openalex.org/W3001777144","https://openalex.org/W3005410610","https://openalex.org/W3013577764","https://openalex.org/W3038139858","https://openalex.org/W3044246896","https://openalex.org/W3101973032","https://openalex.org/W3118010610","https://openalex.org/W3128049448","https://openalex.org/W3131760363","https://openalex.org/W3132307970","https://openalex.org/W3155480598","https://openalex.org/W3157065286","https://openalex.org/W3207955189","https://openalex.org/W3210213580","https://openalex.org/W4206603973","https://openalex.org/W4220668399","https://openalex.org/W4223510253","https://openalex.org/W4226251039","https://openalex.org/W4280643547","https://openalex.org/W4283275914","https://openalex.org/W4285586211","https://openalex.org/W4294627351","https://openalex.org/W4388706512","https://openalex.org/W4390233087","https://openalex.org/W4394857110","https://openalex.org/W4398158854","https://openalex.org/W4399325134","https://openalex.org/W4399354742","https://openalex.org/W4403426352","https://openalex.org/W4403629992","https://openalex.org/W6841843095"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W623382837","https://openalex.org/W2155197844","https://openalex.org/W2349226017","https://openalex.org/W2349376052","https://openalex.org/W4388543378","https://openalex.org/W2093477105","https://openalex.org/W2375628069","https://openalex.org/W2358280189","https://openalex.org/W2369522881","https://openalex.org/W1968398406"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"OBJECTIVE:":[0],"The":[1],"degree":[2],"to":[3,34,42,95,131,183,238],"which":[4,79,137],"deployed":[5,64],"artificial":[6],"intelligence-based":[7],"deterioration":[8],"prediction":[9],"algorithms":[10],"(AI-DPA)":[11],"differ":[12],"in":[13,220],"their":[14,26,141],"development,":[15],"the":[16,43,227],"reasons":[17],"for":[18,172],"these":[19,240],"differences,":[20],"and":[21,38,47,66,92,116,126,162,213,234],"how":[22],"this":[23],"may":[24],"impact":[25,132],"performance":[27,200],"remains":[28],"unclear.":[29],"Our":[30],"primary":[31],"objective":[32],"was":[33],"identify":[35],"design":[36,89,124,169,194],"factors":[37,125,170,197],"associated":[39],"decisions":[40,195],"related":[41],"development":[44,99,222],"of":[45,62,74,136,159,164],"AI-DPA":[46,65,77,133,199,221],"highlight":[48],"deficits":[49,219,241],"that":[50,223],"require":[51],"further":[52],"research.":[53],"MATERIALS":[54],"AND":[55],"METHODS:":[56],"Based":[57],"on":[58,87],"a":[59,243],"systematic":[60,69],"review":[61],"14":[63],"an":[67],"updated":[68],"search,":[70],"we":[71],"identified":[72],"studies":[73,179],"12":[75],"eligible":[76],"from":[78,210],"data":[80,105,108,111,149,153],"were":[81,167],"extracted":[82],"independently":[83],"by":[84],"2":[85],"investigators":[86],"all":[88,135,144],"factors,":[90],"decisions,":[91,177],"justifications":[93],"pertaining":[94],"6":[96],"machine":[97],"learning":[98],"stages:":[100],"(1)":[101],"model":[102,118],"requirements,":[103],"(2)":[104],"collection,":[106],"(3)":[107],"cleaning,":[109],"(4)":[110],"labeling,":[112],"(5)":[113],"feature":[114],"engineering,":[115],"(6)":[117],"training.":[119],"RESULTS:":[120],"We":[121],"found":[122],"13":[123],"315":[127],"decision":[128],"alternatives":[129],"likely":[130],"performance,":[134],"varied,":[138],"together":[139],"with":[140,188],"rationales,":[142],"between":[143],"included":[145],"AI-DPA.":[146],"Variable":[147],"selection,":[148],"imputation":[150],"methods,":[151],"training":[152,155],"exclusions,":[154],"sample":[156],"definitions,":[157],"length":[158],"lookback":[160],"periods,":[161],"definition":[163],"outcome":[165],"labels":[166],"key":[168],"accounting":[171],"most":[173,178,228],"variation.":[174],"In":[175],"justifying":[176],"made":[180],"no":[181],"reference":[182,215],"prior":[184,211],"research":[185,236],"or":[186],"compared":[187],"other":[189],"state-of-the-art":[190],"algorithms.":[191],"DISCUSSION:":[192],"Algorithm":[193],"regarding":[196],"impacting":[198],"have":[201,231],"little":[202],"supporting":[203],"evidence,":[204],"are":[205],"inconsistent,":[206],"do":[207],"not":[208],"learn":[209],"work,":[212],"lack":[214],"standards.":[216],"CONCLUSION:":[217],"Several":[218],"prevent":[224],"implementers":[225],"selecting":[226],"accurate":[229],"algorithm":[230],"been":[232],"identified,":[233],"future":[235],"needs":[237],"address":[239],"as":[242],"priority.":[244]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-07-27T08:26:11.824852","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}