{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4405675393","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jamia/ocae302","title":"Application of large language models in clinical record correction: a comprehensive study on various retraining methods","display_name":"Application of large language models in clinical record correction: a comprehensive study on various retraining methods","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-12-20","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4405675393","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jamia/ocae302","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39707579"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1093/jamia/ocae302","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jamia/ocae302","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S129839026","display_name":"Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association","issn_l":"1067-5027","issn":["1067-5027","1527-974X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11756697/pdf/ocae302.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078963916","display_name":"Ana M. Mait\u00edn","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6396-8068"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I232005693","display_name":"Universidad Francisco de Vitoria","ror":"https://ror.org/03ha64j07","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I232005693"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ana M Maitin","raw_affiliation_strings":["CEIEC, Universidad Francisco de Vitoria , Pozuelo de Alarc\u00f3n, 28223 Madrid,"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"CEIEC, Universidad Francisco de Vitoria , Pozuelo de Alarc\u00f3n, 28223 Madrid,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I232005693"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028320295","display_name":"Alberto Nogales","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4951-8102"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I232005693","display_name":"Universidad Francisco de Vitoria","ror":"https://ror.org/03ha64j07","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I232005693"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alberto Nogales","raw_affiliation_strings":["CEIEC, Universidad Francisco de Vitoria , Pozuelo de Alarc\u00f3n, 28223 Madrid,"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"CEIEC, Universidad Francisco de Vitoria , Pozuelo de Alarc\u00f3n, 28223 Madrid,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I232005693"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5107067316","display_name":"Sergio Fern\u00e1ndez-Rinc\u00f3n","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I232005693","display_name":"Universidad Francisco de Vitoria","ror":"https://ror.org/03ha64j07","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I232005693"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sergio Fern\u00e1ndez-Rinc\u00f3n","raw_affiliation_strings":["CEIEC, Universidad Francisco de Vitoria , Pozuelo de Alarc\u00f3n, 28223 Madrid,"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"CEIEC, Universidad Francisco de Vitoria , Pozuelo de Alarc\u00f3n, 28223 Madrid,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I232005693"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5094267344","display_name":"Enrique Aranguren","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I232005693","display_name":"Universidad Francisco de Vitoria","ror":"https://ror.org/03ha64j07","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I232005693"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Enrique Aranguren","raw_affiliation_strings":["CEIEC, Universidad Francisco de Vitoria , Pozuelo de Alarc\u00f3n, 28223 Madrid,"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"CEIEC, Universidad Francisco de Vitoria , Pozuelo de Alarc\u00f3n, 28223 Madrid,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I232005693"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041569605","display_name":"Emilio Cervera Barba","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7117-8314"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I232005693","display_name":"Universidad Francisco de Vitoria","ror":"https://ror.org/03ha64j07","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I232005693"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Emilio Cervera-Barba","raw_affiliation_strings":["Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Francisco de Vitoria , Pozuelo de Alarc\u00f3n, 28223 Madrid,"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Francisco de Vitoria , Pozuelo de Alarc\u00f3n, 28223 Madrid,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I232005693"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038214949","display_name":"Sophia Denizon-Arranz","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I232005693","display_name":"Universidad Francisco de Vitoria","ror":"https://ror.org/03ha64j07","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I232005693"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sophia Denizon-Arranz","raw_affiliation_strings":["Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Francisco de Vitoria , Pozuelo de Alarc\u00f3n, 28223 Madrid,"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Francisco de Vitoria , Pozuelo de Alarc\u00f3n, 28223 Madrid,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I232005693"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103046850","display_name":"Alonso Mateos Rodr\u00edguez","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8281-9308"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I232005693","display_name":"Universidad Francisco de Vitoria","ror":"https://ror.org/03ha64j07","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I232005693"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alonso Mateos-Rodr\u00edguez","raw_affiliation_strings":["Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Francisco de Vitoria , Pozuelo de Alarc\u00f3n, 28223 Madrid,"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Francisco de Vitoria , Pozuelo de Alarc\u00f3n, 28223 Madrid,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I232005693"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015013304","display_name":"\u00c1lvaro J. Garc\u00eda\u2010Tejedor","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6458-2618"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I232005693","display_name":"Universidad Francisco de Vitoria","ror":"https://ror.org/03ha64j07","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I232005693"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"\u00c1lvaro J Garc\u00eda-Tejedor","raw_affiliation_strings":["CEIEC, Universidad Francisco de Vitoria , Pozuelo de Alarc\u00f3n, 28223 Madrid,"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"CEIEC, Universidad Francisco de Vitoria , Pozuelo de Alarc\u00f3n, 28223 Madrid,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I232005693"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5015013304"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I232005693"],"apc_list":{"value":3967,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3967},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.5,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":6,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.66774467,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"32","issue":"2","first_page":"341","last_page":"348"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11636","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare and Education","score":0.8091999888420105,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2718","display_name":"Health Informatics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11636","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare and Education","score":0.8091999888420105,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2718","display_name":"Health Informatics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.05339999869465828,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13702","display_name":"Machine Learning in Healthcare","score":0.039400000125169754,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7037932276725769},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adaptation","display_name":"Adaptation (eye)","score":0.6948780417442322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/comprehension","display_name":"Comprehension","score":0.6769798994064331},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/retraining","display_name":"Retraining","score":0.6622331142425537},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rank","display_name":"Rank (graph theory)","score":0.5562015771865845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/equating","display_name":"Equating","score":0.4896460175514221},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adaptability","display_name":"Adaptability","score":0.4890068769454956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/task","display_name":"Task (project management)","score":0.44630783796310425},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.3483952581882477},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.3455091118812561},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.14431044459342957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/systems-engineering","display_name":"Systems engineering","score":0.12493538856506348},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.11397695541381836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.09189441800117493}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7037932276725769},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139807058","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q352374","display_name":"Adaptation (eye)","level":2,"score":0.6948780417442322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C511192102","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5156948","display_name":"Comprehension","level":2,"score":0.6769798994064331},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778712577","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3505966","display_name":"Retraining","level":2,"score":0.6622331142425537},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C164226766","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7293202","display_name":"Rank (graph theory)","level":2,"score":0.5562015771865845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106347477","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5384228","display_name":"Equating","level":3,"score":0.4896460175514221},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177606310","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5674297","display_name":"Adaptability","level":2,"score":0.4890068769454956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.44630783796310425},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3483952581882477},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.3455091118812561},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.14431044459342957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201995342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q682496","display_name":"Systems engineering","level":1,"score":0.12493538856506348},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.11397695541381836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.09189441800117493},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114614502","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76592","display_name":"Combinatorics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C101266164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2131821","display_name":"Rasch model","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138496976","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175002","display_name":"Developmental psychology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C155202549","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q178803","display_name":"International trade","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000098342","descriptor_name":"Large Language Models","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000098342","descriptor_name":"Large Language Models","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000098342","descriptor_name":"Large Language Models","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000098342","descriptor_name":"Large Language Models","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000098342","descriptor_name":"Large Language Models","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000098342","descriptor_name":"Large Language Models","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004501","descriptor_name":"Education, Medical","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004501","descriptor_name":"Education, Medical","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004501","descriptor_name":"Education, Medical","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004501","descriptor_name":"Education, Medical","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007802","descriptor_name":"Language","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007802","descriptor_name":"Language","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007802","descriptor_name":"Language","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D007802","descriptor_name":"Language","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007802","descriptor_name":"Language","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D007802","descriptor_name":"Language","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009323","descriptor_name":"Natural Language Processing","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009323","descriptor_name":"Natural Language Processing","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009323","descriptor_name":"Natural Language Processing","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D009323","descriptor_name":"Natural Language Processing","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D009323","descriptor_name":"Natural Language Processing","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D009323","descriptor_name":"Natural Language Processing","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009323","descriptor_name":"Natural Language Processing","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D009323","descriptor_name":"Natural Language Processing","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D009323","descriptor_name":"Natural Language Processing","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D009323","descriptor_name":"Natural Language Processing","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D057286","descriptor_name":"Electronic Health Records","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D057286","descriptor_name":"Electronic Health Records","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D057286","descriptor_name":"Electronic Health Records","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D057286","descriptor_name":"Electronic Health Records","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D057286","descriptor_name":"Electronic Health Records","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D057286","descriptor_name":"Electronic Health Records","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D057286","descriptor_name":"Electronic Health Records","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D057286","descriptor_name":"Electronic Health Records","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D057286","descriptor_name":"Electronic Health Records","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D057286","descriptor_name":"Electronic Health Records","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1093/jamia/ocae302","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jamia/ocae302","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S129839026","display_name":"Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association","issn_l":"1067-5027","issn":["1067-5027","1527-974X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:39707579","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39707579","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association : JAMIA","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:11756697","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11756697/","pdf_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11756697/pdf/ocae302.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"J Am Med Inform Assoc","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:11756697","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11756697/","pdf_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11756697/pdf/ocae302.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"J Am Med Inform Assoc","raw_type":"Text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","display_name":"Quality Education","score":0.8700000047683716}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7156256718","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"UFV2024-05","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320313970","funder_display_name":"Universidad Francisco de Vitoria"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320313970","display_name":"Universidad Francisco de Vitoria","ror":"https://ror.org/03ha64j07"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4405675393.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4405675393.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":29,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1969770760","https://openalex.org/W1999520308","https://openalex.org/W2095603117","https://openalex.org/W2104038115","https://openalex.org/W2124201978","https://openalex.org/W2163009836","https://openalex.org/W2919115771","https://openalex.org/W3163421189","https://openalex.org/W3168867926","https://openalex.org/W4221143046","https://openalex.org/W4287867774","https://openalex.org/W4321499561","https://openalex.org/W4327810158","https://openalex.org/W4360887556","https://openalex.org/W4376866715","https://openalex.org/W4384918448","https://openalex.org/W4385227045","https://openalex.org/W4385245566","https://openalex.org/W4387929318","https://openalex.org/W4388032161","https://openalex.org/W4389325518","https://openalex.org/W4391225179","https://openalex.org/W4392397923","https://openalex.org/W4394877296","https://openalex.org/W4395052272","https://openalex.org/W4398223047","https://openalex.org/W4401386758","https://openalex.org/W6795564395","https://openalex.org/W6809646742"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2381661764","https://openalex.org/W2328082645","https://openalex.org/W1703050277","https://openalex.org/W2060635474","https://openalex.org/W3168290918","https://openalex.org/W2372417028","https://openalex.org/W2948382694","https://openalex.org/W2914301501","https://openalex.org/W1592785513","https://openalex.org/W2013811749"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"OBJECTIVES:":[0],"We":[1],"evaluate":[2],"the":[3,165,174,193],"effectiveness":[4,133],"of":[5,97,112,176],"large":[6],"language":[7,157],"models":[8,17,137,199],"(LLMs),":[9],"specifically":[10],"GPT-based":[11,84],"(GPT-3.5":[12],"and":[13,15,19,32,45,51,65,80,148,159],"GPT-4)":[14],"Llama-2":[16,54,81,100,113,151],"(13B":[18],"7B":[20,101,152],"architectures),":[21],"in":[22,62,105,134,155,178],"autonomously":[23],"assessing":[24],"clinical":[25],"records":[26],"(CRs)":[27],"to":[28,67,71,110,186,200,215],"enhance":[29],"medical":[30,179],"education":[31],"diagnostic":[33],"skills.":[34],"MATERIALS":[35],"AND":[36],"METHODS:":[37],"Various":[38],"techniques,":[39],"including":[40],"prompt":[41],"engineering,":[42],"fine-tuning":[43],"(FT),":[44],"low-rank":[46],"adaptation":[47,119,190],"(LoRA),":[48],"were":[49,58],"implemented":[50],"compared":[52],"on":[53,99,150,202,211],"7B.":[55],"These":[56],"methods":[57],"assessed":[59],"using":[60],"prompts":[61],"both":[63],"English":[64,116],"Spanish":[66],"determine":[68],"their":[69],"adaptability":[70],"different":[72],"languages.":[73],"Performance":[74],"was":[75],"benchmarked":[76],"against":[77],"GPT-3.5,":[78],"GPT-4,":[79,87],"13B.":[82],"RESULTS:":[83],"models,":[85],"particularly":[86],"demonstrated":[88],"promising":[89],"performance":[90,109],"closely":[91],"aligned":[92],"with":[93,115,128,204],"specialist":[94],"evaluations.":[95],"Application":[96],"FT":[98,147],"improved":[102],"text":[103],"comprehension":[104,158],"Spanish,":[106],"equating":[107],"its":[108],"that":[111],"13B":[114],"prompts.":[117],"Low-rank":[118,189],"significantly":[120],"enhanced":[121],"performance,":[122,146],"surpassing":[123],"GPT-3.5":[124],"results":[125],"when":[126],"combined":[127],"FT.":[129],"This":[130,171],"indicates":[131],"LoRA's":[132],"adapting":[135],"open-source":[136,198],"for":[138,167],"specific":[139],"tasks.":[140],"DISCUSSION:":[141],"While":[142],"GPT-4":[143],"showed":[144],"superior":[145],"LoRA":[149],"proved":[153],"crucial":[154],"improving":[156],"task-specific":[160],"accuracy.":[161],"Identified":[162],"limitations":[163,214],"highlight":[164],"need":[166],"further":[168,216],"research.":[169],"CONCLUSION:":[170],"study":[172],"underscores":[173],"potential":[175],"LLMs":[177],"education,":[180],"providing":[181],"an":[182],"innovative,":[183],"effective":[184,195],"approach":[185],"CR":[187],"correction.":[188],"emerged":[191],"as":[192],"most":[194],"technique,":[196],"enabling":[197],"perform":[201],"par":[203],"proprietary":[205],"models.":[206],"Future":[207],"research":[208],"should":[209],"focus":[210],"overcoming":[212],"current":[213],"improve":[217],"model":[218],"performance.":[219]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-08-19T15:00:24.278416","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
