{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4392928544","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jamia/ocae052","title":"Leveraging large language models for generating responses to patient messages\u2014a subjective analysis","display_name":"Leveraging large language models for generating responses to patient messages\u2014a subjective analysis","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-03-18","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4392928544","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jamia/ocae052","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38497958"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1093/jamia/ocae052","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jamia/ocae052","pdf_url":"https://academic.oup.com/jamia/advance-article-pdf/doi/10.1093/jamia/ocae052/57005277/ocae052.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S129839026","display_name":"Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association","issn_l":"1067-5027","issn":["1067-5027","1527-974X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://academic.oup.com/jamia/advance-article-pdf/doi/10.1093/jamia/ocae052/57005277/ocae052.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091713549","display_name":"Siru Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5003-5354"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I901861585","display_name":"Vanderbilt University Medical Center","ror":"https://ror.org/05dq2gs74","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210162197","https://openalex.org/I901861585"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Siru Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Biomedical Informatics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center , Nashville, TN 37212, United States"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biomedical Informatics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center , Nashville, TN 37212, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I901861585"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086954690","display_name":"Allison B. McCoy","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2292-9147"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I901861585","display_name":"Vanderbilt University Medical Center","ror":"https://ror.org/05dq2gs74","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210162197","https://openalex.org/I901861585"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Allison B McCoy","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Biomedical Informatics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center , Nashville, TN 37212, United States"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2292-9147","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biomedical Informatics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center , Nashville, TN 37212, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I901861585"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084108623","display_name":"Aileen P. Wright","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7550-4284"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I901861585","display_name":"Vanderbilt University Medical Center","ror":"https://ror.org/05dq2gs74","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210162197","https://openalex.org/I901861585"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Aileen P Wright","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Biomedical Informatics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center , Nashville, TN 37212, United States","Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center , Nashville, TN 37212, United States"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biomedical Informatics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center , Nashville, TN 37212, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I901861585"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center , Nashville, TN 37212, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I901861585"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079969497","display_name":"Babatunde Carew","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I901861585","display_name":"Vanderbilt University Medical Center","ror":"https://ror.org/05dq2gs74","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210162197","https://openalex.org/I901861585"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Babatunde Carew","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of General Internal Medicine and Public Health, Vanderbilt University Medical Center , Nashville, TN 37212, United States"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of General Internal Medicine and Public Health, Vanderbilt University Medical Center , Nashville, TN 37212, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I901861585"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061326990","display_name":"Julian Z Genkins","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I97018004","display_name":"Stanford University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f54p054","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Julian Z Genkins","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Medicine, Stanford University , Stanford, CA 94304, United States"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Medicine, Stanford University , Stanford, CA 94304, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084194339","display_name":"Sean S Huang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I901861585","display_name":"Vanderbilt University Medical Center","ror":"https://ror.org/05dq2gs74","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210162197","https://openalex.org/I901861585"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sean S Huang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Biomedical Informatics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center , Nashville, TN 37212, United States","Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center , Nashville, TN 37212, United States"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biomedical Informatics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center , Nashville, TN 37212, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I901861585"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center , Nashville, TN 37212, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I901861585"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090773076","display_name":"Josh F. Peterson","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7553-0749"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I901861585","display_name":"Vanderbilt University Medical Center","ror":"https://ror.org/05dq2gs74","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210162197","https://openalex.org/I901861585"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Josh F Peterson","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Biomedical Informatics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center , Nashville, TN 37212, United States","Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center , Nashville, TN 37212, United States"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biomedical Informatics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center , Nashville, TN 37212, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I901861585"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center , Nashville, TN 37212, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I901861585"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082251203","display_name":"Bryan D. Steitz","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2066-8692"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I901861585","display_name":"Vanderbilt University Medical Center","ror":"https://ror.org/05dq2gs74","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210162197","https://openalex.org/I901861585"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bryan Steitz","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Biomedical Informatics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center , Nashville, TN 37212, United States"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biomedical Informatics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center , Nashville, TN 37212, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I901861585"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004738173","display_name":"Adam Wright","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6844-145X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I901861585","display_name":"Vanderbilt University Medical Center","ror":"https://ror.org/05dq2gs74","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210162197","https://openalex.org/I901861585"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Adam Wright","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Biomedical Informatics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center , Nashville, TN 37212, United States","Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center , Nashville, TN 37212, United States"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6844-145X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biomedical Informatics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center , Nashville, TN 37212, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I901861585"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center , Nashville, TN 37212, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I901861585"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5091713549"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I901861585"],"apc_list":{"value":3967,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3967},"apc_paid":{"value":3967,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3967},"fwci":23.9606,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":79,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99788925,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"31","issue":"6","first_page":"1367","last_page":"1379"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11519","display_name":"Digital Mental Health Interventions","score":0.20489999651908875,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3202","display_name":"Applied Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11519","display_name":"Digital Mental Health Interventions","score":0.20489999651908875,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3202","display_name":"Applied Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11636","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare and Education","score":0.19499999284744263,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2718","display_name":"Health Informatics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10350","display_name":"Electronic Health Records Systems","score":0.18029999732971191,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3605","display_name":"Health Information Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/36","display_name":"Health Professions"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/empathy","display_name":"Empathy","score":0.8243999481201172},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/patient-portal","display_name":"Patient portal","score":0.7440018653869629},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/primary-care","display_name":"Primary care","score":0.5723605155944824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.47011318802833557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/patient-care","display_name":"Patient care","score":0.4398805797100067},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/language-model","display_name":"Language model","score":0.41074198484420776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.38380008935928345},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.3488008975982666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medical-education","display_name":"Medical education","score":0.327833890914917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/health-care","display_name":"Health care","score":0.3216526508331299},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.3211202025413513},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/family-medicine","display_name":"Family medicine","score":0.20559167861938477},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nursing","display_name":"Nursing","score":0.1889013648033142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-psychology","display_name":"Social psychology","score":0.12635639309883118}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779885105","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q182263","display_name":"Empathy","level":2,"score":0.8243999481201172},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776153502","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7144994","display_name":"Patient portal","level":3,"score":0.7440018653869629},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2984752397","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3259956","display_name":"Primary care","level":2,"score":0.5723605155944824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.47011318802833557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2989236134","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q31207","display_name":"Patient care","level":2,"score":0.4398805797100067},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137293760","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3621696","display_name":"Language model","level":2,"score":0.41074198484420776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.38380008935928345},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.3488008975982666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C509550671","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126945","display_name":"Medical education","level":1,"score":0.327833890914917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160735492","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q31207","display_name":"Health care","level":2,"score":0.3216526508331299},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.3211202025413513},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C512399662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3505712","display_name":"Family medicine","level":1,"score":0.20559167861938477},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159110408","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q121176","display_name":"Nursing","level":1,"score":0.1889013648033142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.12635639309883118},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50522688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189833","display_name":"Economic growth","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000072638","descriptor_name":"Patient Portals","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000072638","descriptor_name":"Patient Portals","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000072638","descriptor_name":"Patient Portals","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000072638","descriptor_name":"Patient Portals","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000072638","descriptor_name":"Patient Portals","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000072638","descriptor_name":"Patient Portals","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D004645","descriptor_name":"Empathy","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004645","descriptor_name":"Empathy","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004645","descriptor_name":"Empathy","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004645","descriptor_name":"Empathy","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004645","descriptor_name":"Empathy","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004645","descriptor_name":"Empathy","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009323","descriptor_name":"Natural Language Processing","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009323","descriptor_name":"Natural Language Processing","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009323","descriptor_name":"Natural Language Processing","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009323","descriptor_name":"Natural Language Processing","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009323","descriptor_name":"Natural Language Processing","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009323","descriptor_name":"Natural Language Processing","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010817","descriptor_name":"Physician-Patient Relations","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010817","descriptor_name":"Physician-Patient Relations","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010817","descriptor_name":"Physician-Patient Relations","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010817","descriptor_name":"Physician-Patient Relations","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010817","descriptor_name":"Physician-Patient Relations","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010817","descriptor_name":"Physician-Patient Relations","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D057286","descriptor_name":"Electronic Health Records","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D057286","descriptor_name":"Electronic Health Records","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D057286","descriptor_name":"Electronic Health Records","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D057286","descriptor_name":"Electronic Health Records","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D057286","descriptor_name":"Electronic Health Records","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D057286","descriptor_name":"Electronic Health Records","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D066264","descriptor_name":"Datasets as Topic","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D066264","descriptor_name":"Datasets as Topic","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D066264","descriptor_name":"Datasets as Topic","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D066264","descriptor_name":"Datasets as Topic","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D066264","descriptor_name":"Datasets as Topic","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D066264","descriptor_name":"Datasets as Topic","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1093/jamia/ocae052","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jamia/ocae052","pdf_url":"https://academic.oup.com/jamia/advance-article-pdf/doi/10.1093/jamia/ocae052/57005277/ocae052.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S129839026","display_name":"Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association","issn_l":"1067-5027","issn":["1067-5027","1527-974X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:38497958","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38497958","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association : JAMIA","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:11105129","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/11105129","pdf_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11105129/pdf/ocae052.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"J Am Med Inform Assoc","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1093/jamia/ocae052","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jamia/ocae052","pdf_url":"https://academic.oup.com/jamia/advance-article-pdf/doi/10.1093/jamia/ocae052/57005277/ocae052.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S129839026","display_name":"Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association","issn_l":"1067-5027","issn":["1067-5027","1527-974X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Quality Education","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","score":0.8700000047683716}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2239121966","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"R01AG062499-01","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","funder_display_name":"National Institutes of Health"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3189367579","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"R01AG062499","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","funder_display_name":"National Institutes of Health"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4778713040","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"R01LM013995-01","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","funder_display_name":"National Institutes of Health"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G66066077","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"R00LM014097-01","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","funder_display_name":"National Institutes of Health"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7657687021","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"R00 LM014097","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337372","funder_display_name":"U.S. National Library of Medicine"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G923376646","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"R01 LM013995","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337372","funder_display_name":"U.S. National Library of Medicine"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320290","display_name":"University of Oxford","ror":"https://ror.org/052gg0110"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","display_name":"National Institutes of Health","ror":"https://ror.org/01cwqze88"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337372","display_name":"U.S. National Library of Medicine","ror":"https://ror.org/0060t0j89"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4392928544.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":25,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2093274439","https://openalex.org/W2143749588","https://openalex.org/W2327037637","https://openalex.org/W2754518417","https://openalex.org/W2795347911","https://openalex.org/W2991399758","https://openalex.org/W2996946491","https://openalex.org/W3005890082","https://openalex.org/W3006900481","https://openalex.org/W3093164586","https://openalex.org/W3205513304","https://openalex.org/W4200043507","https://openalex.org/W4293457270","https://openalex.org/W4309791331","https://openalex.org/W4319662928","https://openalex.org/W4323050332","https://openalex.org/W4323655724","https://openalex.org/W4366769280","https://openalex.org/W4367310920","https://openalex.org/W4380995257","https://openalex.org/W4381185932","https://openalex.org/W4381930847","https://openalex.org/W4384561707","https://openalex.org/W4385242971","https://openalex.org/W4387890013"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2022249999","https://openalex.org/W2790197180","https://openalex.org/W2321298859","https://openalex.org/W2020597600","https://openalex.org/W2944603912","https://openalex.org/W2931797021","https://openalex.org/W2588590131","https://openalex.org/W2912116317","https://openalex.org/W52571267","https://openalex.org/W2990732772"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"OBJECTIVE:":[0],"This":[1,226],"study":[2],"aimed":[3],"to":[4,18,70,118,126,185,190,201,207,235,238],"develop":[5],"and":[6,37,91,133,135,142,155,166,203,216,249],"assess":[7],"the":[8,41,67,159,179,183],"performance":[9],"of":[10,35,148,152],"fine-tuned":[11,100,106],"large":[12,46,59,232],"language":[13,60,233],"models":[14,132,234],"for":[15,138,213,223],"generating":[16],"responses":[17,38,73,129,157,168,188,194,237],"patient":[19,27,42,86,112,153,160,164,197,239],"messages":[20,36,154,165,240],"sent":[21],"via":[22],"an":[23,75,170],"electronic":[24],"health":[25],"record":[26],"portal.":[28],"MATERIALS":[29],"AND":[30],"METHODS:":[31],"Utilizing":[32],"a":[33,45,52,57,79,220],"dataset":[34,77,146],"extracted":[39],"from":[40,74,130,158,169],"portal":[43,113],"at":[44],"academic":[47],"medical":[48],"center,":[49],"we":[50,65,98,108],"developed":[51],"model":[53,61,102],"(CLAIR-Short)":[54],"based":[55],"on":[56],"pre-trained":[58],"(LLaMA-65B).":[62],"In":[63],"addition,":[64],"used":[66,109],"OpenAI":[68],"API":[69],"update":[71],"physician":[72],"open-source":[76],"into":[78],"format":[80],"with":[81,95,162],"informative":[82],"paragraphs":[83],"that":[84,230],"offered":[85],"education":[87],"while":[88,218],"emphasizing":[89],"empathy":[90],"professionalism.":[92],"By":[93],"combining":[94],"this":[96],"dataset,":[97],"further":[99],"our":[101,131],"(CLAIR-Long).":[103],"To":[104],"evaluate":[105],"models,":[107],"10":[110],"representative":[111],"questions":[114],"in":[115,178,244],"primary":[116,123,174],"care":[117,124,175],"generate":[119,186,236],"responses.":[120,192],"We":[121],"asked":[122],"physicians":[125,176],"review":[127],"generated":[128],"ChatGPT":[134],"rated":[136,205],"them":[137],"empathy,":[139,215],"responsiveness,":[140,214],"accuracy,":[141,217],"usefulness.":[143,224],"RESULTS:":[144],"The":[145],"consisted":[147],"499":[149],"794":[150],"pairs":[151],"corresponding":[156],"portal,":[161],"5000":[163],"ChatGPT-updated":[167],"online":[171],"platform.":[172],"Four":[173],"participated":[177],"survey.":[180],"CLAIR-Short":[181,202],"exhibited":[182],"ability":[184],"concise":[187],"similar":[189],"provider's":[191],"CLAIR-Long":[193],"provided":[195],"increased":[196],"educational":[198],"content":[199],"compared":[200],"were":[204],"similarly":[206],"ChatGPT's":[208],"responses,":[209],"receiving":[210,219],"positive":[211],"evaluations":[212],"neutral":[221],"rating":[222],"CONCLUSION:":[225],"subjective":[227],"analysis":[228],"suggests":[229],"leveraging":[231],"demonstrates":[241],"significant":[242],"potential":[243],"facilitating":[245],"communication":[246],"between":[247],"patients":[248],"healthcare":[250],"providers.":[251]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":22},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":44},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":13}],"updated_date":"2026-07-29T09:40:50.615796","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}