{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4366085127","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jamia/ocad066","title":"Missing data matter: an empirical evaluation of the impacts of missing EHR data in comparative effectiveness research","display_name":"Missing data matter: an empirical evaluation of the impacts of missing EHR data in comparative effectiveness research","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-04-17","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4366085127","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jamia/ocad066","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37337922"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1093/jamia/ocad066","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jamia/ocad066","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S129839026","display_name":"Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association","issn_l":"1067-5027","issn":["1067-5027","1527-974X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10280351/pdf/ocad066.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101605169","display_name":"Yizhao Zhou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1634-6677"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1335321130","display_name":"Children's Hospital of Philadelphia","ror":"https://ror.org/01z7r7q48","country_code":"US","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1335321130"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79576946","display_name":"University of Pennsylvania","ror":"https://ror.org/00b30xv10","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yizhao Zhou","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA","Department of Pediatrics, Children\u2019s Hospital of Philadelphia , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Pediatrics, Children\u2019s Hospital of Philadelphia , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1335321130"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048556954","display_name":"Jiasheng Shi","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1335321130","display_name":"Children's Hospital of Philadelphia","ror":"https://ror.org/01z7r7q48","country_code":"US","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1335321130"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79576946","display_name":"University of Pennsylvania","ror":"https://ror.org/00b30xv10","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jiasheng Shi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA","Department of Pediatrics, Children\u2019s Hospital of Philadelphia , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Pediatrics, Children\u2019s Hospital of Philadelphia , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1335321130"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111117449","display_name":"Ronen Stein","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4494-2388"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1335321130","display_name":"Children's Hospital of Philadelphia","ror":"https://ror.org/01z7r7q48","country_code":"US","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1335321130"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79576946","display_name":"University of Pennsylvania","ror":"https://ror.org/00b30xv10","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ronen Stein","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Pediatrics, Children\u2019s Hospital of Philadelphia , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA","Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Pediatrics, Children\u2019s Hospital of Philadelphia , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1335321130"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100628111","display_name":"Xiaokang Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6920-5598"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79576946","display_name":"University of Pennsylvania","ror":"https://ror.org/00b30xv10","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaokang Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6920-5598","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023154420","display_name":"Robert N. Baldassano","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2337-1923"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1335321130","display_name":"Children's Hospital of Philadelphia","ror":"https://ror.org/01z7r7q48","country_code":"US","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1335321130"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79576946","display_name":"University of Pennsylvania","ror":"https://ror.org/00b30xv10","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Robert N Baldassano","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Pediatrics, Children\u2019s Hospital of Philadelphia , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA","Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Pediatrics, Children\u2019s Hospital of Philadelphia , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1335321130"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005348970","display_name":"Christopher B. Forrest","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1252-068X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1335321130","display_name":"Children's Hospital of Philadelphia","ror":"https://ror.org/01z7r7q48","country_code":"US","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1335321130"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79576946","display_name":"University of Pennsylvania","ror":"https://ror.org/00b30xv10","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Christopher B Forrest","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Pediatrics, Children\u2019s Hospital of Philadelphia , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA","Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Pediatrics, Children\u2019s Hospital of Philadelphia , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1335321130"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100454438","display_name":"Yong Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0835-0788"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79576946","display_name":"University of Pennsylvania","ror":"https://ror.org/00b30xv10","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yong Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0835-0788","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008531429","display_name":"Jing Huang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6133-6988"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1335321130","display_name":"Children's Hospital of Philadelphia","ror":"https://ror.org/01z7r7q48","country_code":"US","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1335321130"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79576946","display_name":"University of Pennsylvania","ror":"https://ror.org/00b30xv10","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jing Huang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA","Department of Pediatrics, Children\u2019s Hospital of Philadelphia , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Pediatrics, Children\u2019s Hospital of Philadelphia , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1335321130"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":8,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5008531429"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1335321130","https://openalex.org/I79576946"],"apc_list":{"value":3967,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3967},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":9.2359,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":30,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98721201,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"30","issue":"7","first_page":"1246","last_page":"1256"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10845","display_name":"Advanced Causal Inference Techniques","score":0.8535000085830688,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2613","display_name":"Statistics and Probability"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/26","display_name":"Mathematics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10845","display_name":"Advanced Causal Inference Techniques","score":0.8535000085830688,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2613","display_name":"Statistics and Probability"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/26","display_name":"Mathematics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10804","display_name":"Health Systems, Economic Evaluations, Quality of Life","score":0.0989999994635582,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10243","display_name":"Statistical Methods and Bayesian Inference","score":0.008899999782443047,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2613","display_name":"Statistics and Probability"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/26","display_name":"Mathematics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/missing-data","display_name":"Missing data","score":0.9351655840873718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/imputation","display_name":"Imputation (statistics)","score":0.8410735726356506},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/smoothing","display_name":"Smoothing","score":0.7154146432876587},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.558279275894165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.5104809999465942},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/propensity-score-matching","display_name":"Propensity score matching","score":0.4833368957042694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/smoothing-spline","display_name":"Smoothing spline","score":0.4666239023208618},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/leverage","display_name":"Leverage (statistics)","score":0.4600072205066681},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistical-power","display_name":"Statistical power","score":0.4542364478111267},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.41300705075263977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/econometrics","display_name":"Econometrics","score":0.4036313593387604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.25128400325775146}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9357733","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6878417","display_name":"Missing data","level":2,"score":0.9351655840873718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58041806","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1660484","display_name":"Imputation (statistics)","level":3,"score":0.8410735726356506},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3770464","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q775963","display_name":"Smoothing","level":2,"score":0.7154146432876587},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.558279275894165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.5104809999465942},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17923572","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7250160","display_name":"Propensity score matching","level":2,"score":0.4833368957042694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457265","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7546460","display_name":"Smoothing spline","level":4,"score":0.4666239023208618},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153083717","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6535263","display_name":"Leverage (statistics)","level":2,"score":0.4600072205066681},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C96608239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1199823","display_name":"Statistical power","level":2,"score":0.4542364478111267},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.41300705075263977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149782125","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160039","display_name":"Econometrics","level":1,"score":0.4036313593387604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.25128400325775146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205203396","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q612143","display_name":"Bilinear interpolation","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31447003","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q545002","display_name":"Spline interpolation","level":3,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D003198","descriptor_name":"Computer Simulation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003198","descriptor_name":"Computer Simulation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003198","descriptor_name":"Computer Simulation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003198","descriptor_name":"Computer Simulation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003198","descriptor_name":"Computer Simulation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003627","descriptor_name":"Data Interpretation, Statistical","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003627","descriptor_name":"Data Interpretation, Statistical","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003627","descriptor_name":"Data Interpretation, Statistical","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003627","descriptor_name":"Data Interpretation, Statistical","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003627","descriptor_name":"Data Interpretation, Statistical","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012107","descriptor_name":"Research Design","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012107","descriptor_name":"Research Design","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012107","descriptor_name":"Research Design","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012107","descriptor_name":"Research Design","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012107","descriptor_name":"Research Design","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D015982","descriptor_name":"Bias","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015982","descriptor_name":"Bias","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015982","descriptor_name":"Bias","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015982","descriptor_name":"Bias","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015982","descriptor_name":"Bias","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D057186","descriptor_name":"Comparative Effectiveness Research","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D057186","descriptor_name":"Comparative Effectiveness Research","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D057186","descriptor_name":"Comparative Effectiveness Research","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D057186","descriptor_name":"Comparative Effectiveness Research","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D057186","descriptor_name":"Comparative Effectiveness Research","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D057216","descriptor_name":"Propensity Score","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D057216","descriptor_name":"Propensity Score","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D057216","descriptor_name":"Propensity Score","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D057216","descriptor_name":"Propensity Score","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D057216","descriptor_name":"Propensity Score","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1093/jamia/ocad066","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jamia/ocad066","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S129839026","display_name":"Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association","issn_l":"1067-5027","issn":["1067-5027","1527-974X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:37337922","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37337922","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association : JAMIA","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:10280351","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/10280351","pdf_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10280351/pdf/ocad066.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"J Am Med Inform Assoc","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:10280351","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/10280351","pdf_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10280351/pdf/ocad066.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"J Am Med Inform Assoc","raw_type":"Text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2797749627","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"ME-2018C3-14899","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320308927","funder_display_name":"Patient-Centered Outcomes Research Institute"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320308927","display_name":"Patient-Centered Outcomes Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/014q65q44"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4366085127.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":71,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W259909490","https://openalex.org/W1126991912","https://openalex.org/W1756410296","https://openalex.org/W1965268674","https://openalex.org/W1973825638","https://openalex.org/W1984678132","https://openalex.org/W1985419223","https://openalex.org/W1991635626","https://openalex.org/W2003223511","https://openalex.org/W2067504279","https://openalex.org/W2071806619","https://openalex.org/W2072604363","https://openalex.org/W2086636575","https://openalex.org/W2088252549","https://openalex.org/W2089037908","https://openalex.org/W2097800192","https://openalex.org/W2100358124","https://openalex.org/W2113090945","https://openalex.org/W2115744219","https://openalex.org/W2121382432","https://openalex.org/W2126934023","https://openalex.org/W2127841934","https://openalex.org/W2128584990","https://openalex.org/W2132927459","https://openalex.org/W2134405146","https://openalex.org/W2137767404","https://openalex.org/W2143366454","https://openalex.org/W2152726215","https://openalex.org/W2160555924","https://openalex.org/W2162772535","https://openalex.org/W2171826252","https://openalex.org/W2238461883","https://openalex.org/W2285678238","https://openalex.org/W2297838799","https://openalex.org/W2318487091","https://openalex.org/W2326945647","https://openalex.org/W2345125502","https://openalex.org/W2487770199","https://openalex.org/W2550179689","https://openalex.org/W2600023023","https://openalex.org/W2604825012","https://openalex.org/W2741416490","https://openalex.org/W2802561155","https://openalex.org/W2888109941","https://openalex.org/W2896190255","https://openalex.org/W2938070244","https://openalex.org/W2963940811","https://openalex.org/W2969522674","https://openalex.org/W2975430230","https://openalex.org/W2980751927","https://openalex.org/W2983214784","https://openalex.org/W2997629435","https://openalex.org/W3017339168","https://openalex.org/W3087613048","https://openalex.org/W3098198535","https://openalex.org/W3100271177","https://openalex.org/W3104193169","https://openalex.org/W3113123892","https://openalex.org/W3122544134","https://openalex.org/W3133400829","https://openalex.org/W3170600172","https://openalex.org/W4211101039","https://openalex.org/W4224247272","https://openalex.org/W4233471163","https://openalex.org/W4281294549","https://openalex.org/W4282027168","https://openalex.org/W4296012301","https://openalex.org/W4298870098","https://openalex.org/W4322701120","https://openalex.org/W4393030500","https://openalex.org/W6679609430"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2181530120","https://openalex.org/W4211215373","https://openalex.org/W2024529227","https://openalex.org/W1574575415","https://openalex.org/W3144172081","https://openalex.org/W3179858851","https://openalex.org/W3028371478","https://openalex.org/W2081476516","https://openalex.org/W2581984549","https://openalex.org/W3123177881"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"OBJECTIVES:":[0],"The":[1,152],"impacts":[2,35],"of":[3,24,40,87,108,178,193,216],"missing":[4,25,72,97,101,130,169,204,221,236],"data":[5,102,170,185,205,228],"in":[6,60,64,163,186,200],"comparative":[7],"effectiveness":[8],"research":[9],"(CER)":[10],"using":[11,66,224],"electronic":[12],"health":[13],"records":[14],"(EHRs)":[15],"may":[16],"vary":[17],"depending":[18],"on":[19,104,174],"the":[20,38,55,76,85,88,105,114,136,175,213,235,239],"type":[21],"and":[22,36,57,74,91,110,148,160,196,232,238],"pattern":[23],"data.":[26,68,98,131],"In":[27],"this":[28],"study,":[29],"we":[30],"aimed":[31],"to":[32,53,79,95,123,133,190,211,219,233],"quantify":[33,54],"these":[34],"compare":[37],"performance":[39,86],"different":[41],"imputation":[42,90,154,245],"methods.":[43],"MATERIALS":[44],"AND":[45,182],"METHODS:":[46],"We":[47,69,83],"conducted":[48],"an":[49,244],"empirical":[50],"(simulation)":[51],"study":[52,158],"bias":[56,147,159],"power":[58,150,161],"loss":[59,162],"estimating":[61],"treatment":[62,194],"effects":[63,195],"CER":[65,201,231],"EHR":[67],"considered":[70],"various":[71],"scenarios":[73],"used":[75],"propensity":[77],"scores":[78],"control":[80],"for":[81,230],"confounding.":[82],"compared":[84],"multiple":[89,134,153],"spline":[92,115,137],"smoothing":[93,116,138],"methods":[94],"handle":[96],"RESULTS:":[99],"When":[100],"depended":[103],"stochastic":[106,176],"progression":[107],"disease":[109,179,217],"medical":[111],"practice":[112],"patterns,":[113],"method":[117],"produced":[118],"results":[119],"that":[120],"were":[121,128,206],"close":[122],"those":[124],"obtained":[125],"when":[126,168,223,242],"there":[127],"no":[129],"Compared":[132],"imputation,":[135],"generally":[139],"performed":[140],"similarly":[141],"or":[142],"better,":[143],"with":[144],"smaller":[145],"estimation":[146],"less":[149],"loss.":[151],"can":[155],"still":[156],"reduce":[157],"some":[164],"restrictive":[165],"scenarios,":[166],"eg,":[167],"did":[171],"not":[172],"depend":[173],"process":[177],"progression.":[180],"DISCUSSION":[181],"CONCLUSION:":[183],"Missing":[184],"EHRs":[187,225],"could":[188],"lead":[189],"biased":[191],"estimates":[192],"false":[197],"negative":[198],"findings":[199],"even":[202],"after":[203],"imputed.":[207],"It":[208],"is":[209],"important":[210],"leverage":[212],"temporal":[214],"information":[215],"trajectory":[218],"impute":[220],"values":[222],"as":[226],"a":[227],"resource":[229],"consider":[234],"rate":[237],"effect":[240],"size":[241],"choosing":[243],"method.":[246]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-06-17T08:01:34.144755","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
