{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4362716853","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jamia/ocad060","title":"Experiences with information blocking in the United States: a national survey of hospitals","display_name":"Experiences with information blocking in the United States: a national survey of hospitals","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-04-08","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4362716853","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jamia/ocad060","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37029919"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1093/jamia/ocad060","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jamia/ocad060","pdf_url":"https://academic.oup.com/jamia/advance-article-pdf/doi/10.1093/jamia/ocad060/49802384/ocad060.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S129839026","display_name":"Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association","issn_l":"1067-5027","issn":["1067-5027","1527-974X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":"public-domain","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/public-domain","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://academic.oup.com/jamia/advance-article-pdf/doi/10.1093/jamia/ocad060/49802384/ocad060.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054591856","display_name":"Jordan Everson","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5355-6043"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802377633","display_name":"Office of the National Coordinator for Health Information Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02fm3sv87","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299022934","https://openalex.org/I2802377633"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jordan Everson","raw_affiliation_strings":["Office of the National Coordinator for Health Information Technology, Department of Health and Human Services , Washington, District of Columbia, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5355-6043","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Office of the National Coordinator for Health Information Technology, Department of Health and Human Services , Washington, District of Columbia, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802377633"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046524498","display_name":"Daniel P. Healy","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-4466-8017"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802377633","display_name":"Office of the National Coordinator for Health Information Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02fm3sv87","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299022934","https://openalex.org/I2802377633"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Daniel Healy","raw_affiliation_strings":["Office of the National Coordinator for Health Information Technology, Department of Health and Human Services , Washington, District of Columbia, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Office of the National Coordinator for Health Information Technology, Department of Health and Human Services , Washington, District of Columbia, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802377633"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053466248","display_name":"Vaishali Patel","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1175-4428"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802377633","display_name":"Office of the National Coordinator for Health Information Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02fm3sv87","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299022934","https://openalex.org/I2802377633"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Vaishali Patel","raw_affiliation_strings":["Office of the National Coordinator for Health Information Technology, Department of Health and Human Services , Washington, District of Columbia, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Office of the National Coordinator for Health Information Technology, Department of Health and Human Services , Washington, District of Columbia, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802377633"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5054591856"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802377633"],"apc_list":{"value":3967,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3967},"apc_paid":{"value":3967,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3967},"fwci":2.0852,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":6,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.89338282,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"30","issue":"6","first_page":"1150","last_page":"1157"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10350","display_name":"Electronic Health Records Systems","score":0.5472999811172485,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3605","display_name":"Health Information Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/36","display_name":"Health Professions"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10350","display_name":"Electronic Health Records Systems","score":0.5472999811172485,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3605","display_name":"Health Information Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/36","display_name":"Health Professions"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10734","display_name":"Information and Cyber Security","score":0.0877000018954277,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10391","display_name":"Healthcare Policy and Management","score":0.02710000053048134,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/blocking","display_name":"Blocking (statistics)","score":0.5650533437728882},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/health-care","display_name":"Health care","score":0.5541794896125793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/health-information-national-trends-survey","display_name":"Health Information National Trends Survey","score":0.5517890453338623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/health-information-exchange","display_name":"Health information exchange","score":0.5401121973991394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/perception","display_name":"Perception","score":0.5226649641990662},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/business","display_name":"Business","score":0.4919121265411377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/descriptive-statistics","display_name":"Descriptive statistics","score":0.4463799297809601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-exchange","display_name":"Information exchange","score":0.4254949688911438},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.4038527011871338},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/family-medicine","display_name":"Family medicine","score":0.37537482380867004},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.3101515769958496},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/health-information","display_name":"Health information","score":0.22625380754470825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.17487254738807678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/economic-growth","display_name":"Economic growth","score":0.15021023154258728},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/economics","display_name":"Economics","score":0.12657079100608826}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144745244","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4927286","display_name":"Blocking (statistics)","level":2,"score":0.5650533437728882},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160735492","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q31207","display_name":"Health care","level":2,"score":0.5541794896125793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776154706","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5690559","display_name":"Health Information National Trends Survey","level":4,"score":0.5517890453338623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778759051","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5691085","display_name":"Health information exchange","level":4,"score":0.5401121973991394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26760741","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160402","display_name":"Perception","level":2,"score":0.5226649641990662},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.4919121265411377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39896193","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q380344","display_name":"Descriptive statistics","level":2,"score":0.4463799297809601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C189693848","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6031064","display_name":"Information exchange","level":2,"score":0.4254949688911438},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.4038527011871338},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C512399662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3505712","display_name":"Family medicine","level":1,"score":0.37537482380867004},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.3101515769958496},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2982795734","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q870895","display_name":"Health information","level":3,"score":0.22625380754470825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.17487254738807678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50522688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189833","display_name":"Economic growth","level":1,"score":0.15021023154258728},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.12657079100608826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D003430","descriptor_name":"Cross-Sectional Studies","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003430","descriptor_name":"Cross-Sectional Studies","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003430","descriptor_name":"Cross-Sectional Studies","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003430","descriptor_name":"Cross-Sectional Studies","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006761","descriptor_name":"Hospitals","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006761","descriptor_name":"Hospitals","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006761","descriptor_name":"Hospitals","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006761","descriptor_name":"Hospitals","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008490","descriptor_name":"Medical Informatics","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008490","descriptor_name":"Medical Informatics","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008490","descriptor_name":"Medical Informatics","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008490","descriptor_name":"Medical Informatics","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D014481","descriptor_name":"United States","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014481","descriptor_name":"United States","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014481","descriptor_name":"United States","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014481","descriptor_name":"United States","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D057286","descriptor_name":"Electronic Health Records","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D057286","descriptor_name":"Electronic Health Records","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D057286","descriptor_name":"Electronic Health Records","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D057286","descriptor_name":"Electronic Health Records","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D066275","descriptor_name":"Health Information Exchange","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D066275","descriptor_name":"Health Information Exchange","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D066275","descriptor_name":"Health Information Exchange","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D066275","descriptor_name":"Health Information Exchange","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1093/jamia/ocad060","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jamia/ocad060","pdf_url":"https://academic.oup.com/jamia/advance-article-pdf/doi/10.1093/jamia/ocad060/49802384/ocad060.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S129839026","display_name":"Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association","issn_l":"1067-5027","issn":["1067-5027","1527-974X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":"public-domain","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/public-domain","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:37029919","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37029919","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association : JAMIA","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:10198516","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/10198516","pdf_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10198516/pdf/ocad060.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"public-domain","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/public-domain","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"J Am Med Inform Assoc","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1093/jamia/ocad060","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jamia/ocad060","pdf_url":"https://academic.oup.com/jamia/advance-article-pdf/doi/10.1093/jamia/ocad060/49802384/ocad060.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S129839026","display_name":"Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association","issn_l":"1067-5027","issn":["1067-5027","1527-974X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":"public-domain","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/public-domain","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Quality Education","score":0.4099999964237213,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4362716853.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":15,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2084111437","https://openalex.org/W2085136814","https://openalex.org/W2160528017","https://openalex.org/W2471694075","https://openalex.org/W2594646338","https://openalex.org/W2768571739","https://openalex.org/W2790852921","https://openalex.org/W2889428738","https://openalex.org/W2988272273","https://openalex.org/W3118919254","https://openalex.org/W3121389983","https://openalex.org/W3159929130","https://openalex.org/W3205513304","https://openalex.org/W4212817091","https://openalex.org/W4224210585"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2086632577","https://openalex.org/W2805708434","https://openalex.org/W1976038767","https://openalex.org/W2126034072","https://openalex.org/W1833893427","https://openalex.org/W4226054113","https://openalex.org/W2122998461","https://openalex.org/W2068402150","https://openalex.org/W2942211944","https://openalex.org/W2343221454"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"OBJECTIVE:":[0],"The":[1,93],"21st":[2],"Century":[3],"Cures":[4],"Act":[5],"Final":[6],"Rule's":[7],"information":[8,29,67,117,131,142,157,178,199,255,264],"blocking":[9,118,256,265],"provisions,":[10],"which":[11],"prohibited":[12],"practices":[13,63,174,257],"likely":[14],"to":[15,32,34,46,54,155,231,247],"interfere":[16],"with,":[17],"prevent,":[18],"or":[19,24,170],"materially":[20],"discourage":[21],"access,":[22],"exchange,":[23],"use":[25],"of":[26,38,59,62,84,88,113,116,121,141,147,161,229,238,251,254,263],"electronic":[27],"health":[28,130,186,198,208,217],"(EHI),":[30],"began":[31],"apply":[33],"a":[35,85,249],"limited":[36],"set":[37],"data":[39],"elements":[40],"in":[41,49,91,102,173,235],"April":[42],"2021":[43],"and":[44,71,119,135,138,182,193,216,240,258,261],"expanded":[45],"all":[47],"EHI":[48,239],"October":[50],"2022.":[51],"We":[52,106],"sought":[53],"describe":[55],"hospital":[56,72,213],"leaders'":[57],"perceptions":[58],"the":[60,75,103,111,114,126,139,202,227,236,242,252],"prevalence":[61,115,253],"that":[64,165,175,185],"may":[65,176],"constitute":[66,177],"blocking,":[68,179],"by":[69,207],"actor":[70],"characteristics,":[73],"following":[74],"rule's":[76],"applicability":[77],"date.":[78],"MATERIALS":[79],"AND":[80,222],"METHODS:":[81],"Cross-sectional":[82],"analysis":[83],"national":[86],"survey":[87],"hospitals":[89,101,148,163],"fielded":[90],"2021.":[92],"analytic":[94],"sample":[95],"included":[96],"2092":[97],"nonfederal":[98],"acute":[99],"care":[100],"United":[104],"States.":[105],"present":[107],"descriptive":[108],"statistics":[109],"on":[110],"perception":[112,140],"results":[120,225],"multivariate":[122],"regression":[123],"models":[124],"examining":[125],"association":[127],"between":[128],"hospital,":[129],"technology":[132],"(IT)":[133],"developer":[134,210],"market":[136,211,219],"characteristics":[137],"blocking.":[143,158],"RESULTS:":[144],"Overall,":[145],"42%":[146],"reported":[149],"observing":[150],"some":[151],"behavior":[152],"they":[153],"perceived":[154,164,184],"be":[156],"Thirty-six":[159],"percent":[160],"responding":[162],"healthcare":[166],"providers":[167],"either":[168],"sometimes":[169],"often":[171],"engaged":[172],"while":[180],"17%":[181],"19%":[183],"IT":[187,209],"developers":[188],"(such":[189],"as":[190],"EHR":[191],"developers)":[192],"State,":[194],"regional":[195],"and/or":[196],"local":[197],"exchanges":[200],"did":[201],"same,":[203],"respectively.":[204],"Prevalence":[205],"varied":[206],"share,":[212],"for-profit":[214],"status,":[215],"system":[218],"share.":[220],"CONCLUSIONS":[221],"RELEVANCE:":[223],"These":[224],"support":[226,241],"value":[228],"efforts":[230],"further":[232],"reduce":[233],"friction":[234],"exchange":[237],"need":[243],"for":[244,259],"continued":[245],"observation":[246],"provide":[248],"sense":[250],"education":[260],"awareness":[262],"regulations.":[266]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-29T09:16:38.111599","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}