{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4311862982","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jamia/ocac235","title":"Characterizing variability of electronic health record-driven phenotype definitions","display_name":"Characterizing variability of electronic health record-driven phenotype definitions","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-12-06","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4311862982","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jamia/ocac235","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36474423"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1093/jamia/ocac235","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jamia/ocac235","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S129839026","display_name":"Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association","issn_l":"1067-5027","issn":["1067-5027","1527-974X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/9933077","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055435537","display_name":"Pascal Brandt","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5116-0555"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2801852214","display_name":"University of Washington Medical Center","ror":"https://ror.org/00wbzw723","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801852214"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Pascal S Brandt","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Biomedical and Medical Education, University of Washington , Seattle, Washington, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5116-0555","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biomedical and Medical Education, University of Washington , Seattle, Washington, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2801852214"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076495147","display_name":"Abel Kho","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1993-5634"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I111979921","display_name":"Northwestern University","ror":"https://ror.org/000e0be47","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I111979921"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Abel Kho","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine , Chicago, Illinois, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine , Chicago, Illinois, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I111979921"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100452550","display_name":"Yuan Luo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0195-7456"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I111979921","display_name":"Northwestern University","ror":"https://ror.org/000e0be47","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I111979921"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuan Luo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine , Chicago, Illinois, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0195-7456","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine , Chicago, Illinois, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I111979921"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007540286","display_name":"Jennifer A. Pacheco","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8021-5818"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I111979921","display_name":"Northwestern University","ror":"https://ror.org/000e0be47","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I111979921"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jennifer A Pacheco","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine , Chicago, Illinois, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8021-5818","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine , Chicago, Illinois, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I111979921"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086482657","display_name":"Theresa L. Walunas","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7653-3650"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I111979921","display_name":"Northwestern University","ror":"https://ror.org/000e0be47","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I111979921"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Theresa L Walunas","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine , Chicago, Illinois, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine , Chicago, Illinois, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I111979921"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088244425","display_name":"H\u00e5kon H\u00e5konarson","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2814-7461"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1335321130","display_name":"Children's Hospital of Philadelphia","ror":"https://ror.org/01z7r7q48","country_code":"US","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1335321130"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hakon Hakonarson","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Applied Genomics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2814-7461","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Applied Genomics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1335321130"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053670656","display_name":"George Hripcsak","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I78577930","display_name":"Columbia University","ror":"https://ror.org/00hj8s172","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I78577930"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"George Hripcsak","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Biomedical Informatics, Columbia University , New York, New York, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biomedical Informatics, Columbia University , New York, New York, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I78577930"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100331534","display_name":"Cong Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6024-3037"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I78577930","display_name":"Columbia University","ror":"https://ror.org/00hj8s172","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I78577930"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Cong Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Biomedical Informatics, Columbia University , New York, New York, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6024-3037","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biomedical Informatics, Columbia University , New York, New York, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I78577930"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045892464","display_name":"Ning Shang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7040-5204"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I78577930","display_name":"Columbia University","ror":"https://ror.org/00hj8s172","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I78577930"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ning Shang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Biomedical Informatics, Columbia University , New York, New York, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biomedical Informatics, Columbia University , New York, New York, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I78577930"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009604048","display_name":"Chunhua Weng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9624-0214"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I78577930","display_name":"Columbia University","ror":"https://ror.org/00hj8s172","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I78577930"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chunhua Weng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Biomedical Informatics, Columbia University , New York, New York, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biomedical Informatics, Columbia University , New York, New York, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I78577930"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013973958","display_name":"Nephi Walton","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9095-7265"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I108785884","display_name":"Intermountain Healthcare","ror":"https://ror.org/04mvr1r74","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I108785884"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nephi Walton","raw_affiliation_strings":["Intermountain Precision Genomics, Intermountain Healthcare , St George, Utah, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Intermountain Precision Genomics, Intermountain Healthcare , St George, Utah, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I108785884"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041212198","display_name":"David Carrell","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8471-0928"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150117356","display_name":"Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/0027frf26","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150117356"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"David S Carrell","raw_affiliation_strings":["Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute , Seattle, Washington, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8471-0928","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute , Seattle, Washington, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150117356"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050170858","display_name":"Paul K. Crane","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4278-7465"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I201448701","display_name":"University of Washington","ror":"https://ror.org/00cvxb145","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Paul K Crane","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Medicine, University of Washington , Seattle, Washington, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Medicine, University of Washington , Seattle, Washington, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035154676","display_name":"Eric B. Larson","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4782-5360"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I201448701","display_name":"University of Washington","ror":"https://ror.org/00cvxb145","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Eric B Larson","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Health Services, University of Washington , Seattle, Washington, USA","Department of Medicine, University of Washington , Seattle, Washington, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Health Services, University of Washington , Seattle, Washington, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Medicine, University of Washington , Seattle, Washington, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060390916","display_name":"Christopher G. Chute","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5437-2545"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I145311948","display_name":"Johns Hopkins University","ror":"https://ror.org/00za53h95","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145311948"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Christopher G Chute","raw_affiliation_strings":["Schools of Medicine, Public Health, and Nursing, Johns Hopkins University , Baltimore, Maryland, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5437-2545","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Schools of Medicine, Public Health, and Nursing, Johns Hopkins University , Baltimore, Maryland, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145311948"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065025844","display_name":"Iftikhar J. Kullo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6524-3471"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1330342723","display_name":"Mayo Clinic","ror":"https://ror.org/02qp3tb03","country_code":"US","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1330342723"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Iftikhar J Kullo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic , Rochester, Minnesota, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic , Rochester, Minnesota, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1330342723"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040973863","display_name":"Robert J. Carroll","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3802-8183"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I901861585","display_name":"Vanderbilt University Medical Center","ror":"https://ror.org/05dq2gs74","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210162197","https://openalex.org/I901861585"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Robert Carroll","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center , Nashville, Tennessee, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center , Nashville, Tennessee, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I901861585"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070908224","display_name":"Joshua C. Denny","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3049-7332"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","display_name":"National Institutes of Health","ror":"https://ror.org/01cwqze88","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299022934","https://openalex.org/I1299303238"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Josh Denny","raw_affiliation_strings":["All of Us Research Program, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, Maryland, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"All of Us Research Program, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, Maryland, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051915513","display_name":"Andrea H. Ramirez","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6460-0182"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I901861585","display_name":"Vanderbilt University Medical Center","ror":"https://ror.org/05dq2gs74","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210162197","https://openalex.org/I901861585"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Andrea Ramirez","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center , Nashville, Tennessee, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center , Nashville, Tennessee, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I901861585"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040262386","display_name":"Wei\u2010Qi Wei","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I901861585","display_name":"Vanderbilt University Medical Center","ror":"https://ror.org/05dq2gs74","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210162197","https://openalex.org/I901861585"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wei-Qi Wei","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Biomedical Informatics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center , Nashville, Tennessee, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biomedical Informatics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center , Nashville, Tennessee, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I901861585"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074922632","display_name":"Jyoti Pathak","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6445-6048"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","display_name":"Cornell University","ror":"https://ror.org/05bnh6r87","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4387153466","display_name":"Weill Cornell Medicine","ror":"https://ror.org/02r109517","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295","https://openalex.org/I4387153466"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jyoti Pathak","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Population Health Sciences, Weill Cornell Medicine , New York, New York, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Population Health Sciences, Weill Cornell Medicine , New York, New York, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I205783295","https://openalex.org/I4387153466"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016924409","display_name":"Laura K. Wiley","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6681-9754"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I51713134","display_name":"University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus","ror":"https://ror.org/03wmf1y16","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I51713134"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Laura K Wiley","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Biomedical Informatics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus , Aurora, Colorado, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6681-9754","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biomedical Informatics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus , Aurora, Colorado, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I51713134"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090948134","display_name":"Rachel Richesson","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0279-7036"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27837315","display_name":"University of Michigan","ror":"https://ror.org/00jmfr291","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rachel Richesson","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Learning Health Sciences, University of Michigan Medical School , Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Learning Health Sciences, University of Michigan Medical School , Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066473148","display_name":"Justin Starren","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5403-1115"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I111979921","display_name":"Northwestern University","ror":"https://ror.org/000e0be47","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I111979921"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Justin B Starren","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine , Chicago, Illinois, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5403-1115","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine , Chicago, Illinois, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I111979921"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071369319","display_name":"Luke V. Rasmussen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4497-8049"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I111979921","display_name":"Northwestern University","ror":"https://ror.org/000e0be47","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I111979921"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Luke V Rasmussen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine , Chicago, Illinois, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4497-8049","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine , Chicago, Illinois, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I111979921"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":25,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5055435537"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2801852214"],"apc_list":{"value":3967,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3967},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.6242,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":18,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95207264,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"30","issue":"3","first_page":"427","last_page":"437"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10350","display_name":"Electronic Health Records Systems","score":0.5303999781608582,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3605","display_name":"Health Information Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/36","display_name":"Health Professions"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10350","display_name":"Electronic Health Records Systems","score":0.5303999781608582,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3605","display_name":"Health Information Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/36","display_name":"Health Professions"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11710","display_name":"Biomedical Text Mining and Ontologies","score":0.35670000314712524,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12790","display_name":"Nursing Diagnosis and Documentation","score":0.016499999910593033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2910","display_name":"Issues, ethics and legal aspects"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/29","display_name":"Nursing"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-health-record","display_name":"Electronic health record","score":0.7254443168640137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phenotype","display_name":"Phenotype","score":0.5215559005737305},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/health-records","display_name":"Health records","score":0.518800675868988},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4866200387477875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-science","display_name":"Data science","score":0.3807569444179535},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computational-biology","display_name":"Computational biology","score":0.33720481395721436},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biology","display_name":"Biology","score":0.1968599557876587},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/genetics","display_name":"Genetics","score":0.1369524896144867},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/health-care","display_name":"Health care","score":0.10542422533035278},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/political-science","display_name":"Political science","score":0.0844520628452301}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3020144179","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10871684","display_name":"Electronic health record","level":3,"score":0.7254443168640137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127716648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q104053","display_name":"Phenotype","level":3,"score":0.5215559005737305},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3019952477","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1324077","display_name":"Health records","level":3,"score":0.518800675868988},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4866200387477875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.3807569444179535},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70721500","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177005","display_name":"Computational biology","level":1,"score":0.33720481395721436},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.1968599557876587},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54355233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162","display_name":"Genetics","level":1,"score":0.1369524896144867},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160735492","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q31207","display_name":"Health care","level":2,"score":0.10542422533035278},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0844520628452301},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D007802","descriptor_name":"Language","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D007802","descriptor_name":"Language","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D007802","descriptor_name":"Language","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D007802","descriptor_name":"Language","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D010641","descriptor_name":"Phenotype","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010641","descriptor_name":"Phenotype","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010641","descriptor_name":"Phenotype","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010641","descriptor_name":"Phenotype","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D033262","descriptor_name":"Narration","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D033262","descriptor_name":"Narration","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D033262","descriptor_name":"Narration","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D033262","descriptor_name":"Narration","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D057286","descriptor_name":"Electronic Health Records","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D057286","descriptor_name":"Electronic Health Records","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D057286","descriptor_name":"Electronic Health Records","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D057286","descriptor_name":"Electronic Health Records","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1093/jamia/ocac235","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jamia/ocac235","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S129839026","display_name":"Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association","issn_l":"1067-5027","issn":["1067-5027","1527-974X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:36474423","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36474423","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association : JAMIA","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:9933077","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/9933077","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"J Am Med Inform Assoc","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:9933077","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/9933077","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"J Am Med Inform Assoc","raw_type":"Text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Quality Education","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","score":0.47999998927116394}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1325711866","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"U01HG008666","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320313998","funder_display_name":"Vanderbilt University Medical Center"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2029095579","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"U01HG008673","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320309099","funder_display_name":"Children's Hospital of Philadelphia"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3567654496","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"U01HG008680","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306143","funder_display_name":"Mayo Clinic"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3899761965","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"U01HG008657","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337348","funder_display_name":"National Human Genome Research Institute"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4085657634","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"U01HG008664","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320314070","funder_display_name":"Broad Institute"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4456088103","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"U01HG008685","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320310094","funder_display_name":"University of Washington"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6194018994","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"U54MD007593","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320310170","funder_display_name":"Baylor College of Medicine"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6233426395","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"U01HG008701","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320309475","funder_display_name":"Northwestern University"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6372208356","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"U01HG008672","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320308347","funder_display_name":"Brigham and Women's Hospital"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8220452714","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"U01HG011169","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337348","funder_display_name":"National Human Genome Research Institute"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8931669315","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"U01HG008679","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306143","funder_display_name":"Mayo Clinic"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306143","display_name":"Mayo Clinic","ror":"https://ror.org/02qp3tb03"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320308347","display_name":"Brigham and Women's Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/04b6nzv94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320309099","display_name":"Children's Hospital of Philadelphia","ror":"https://ror.org/01z7r7q48"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320309475","display_name":"Northwestern University","ror":"https://ror.org/000e0be47"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320310091","display_name":"Partners Healthcare","ror":"https://ror.org/04py2rh25"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320310094","display_name":"University of Washington","ror":"https://ror.org/00cvxb145"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320310170","display_name":"Baylor College of Medicine","ror":"https://ror.org/02pttbw34"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320313998","display_name":"Vanderbilt University Medical Center","ror":"https://ror.org/05dq2gs74"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320314070","display_name":"Broad Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/05a0ya142"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320319635","display_name":"Meharry Medical College","ror":"https://ror.org/00k63dq23"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337348","display_name":"National Human Genome Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/00baak391"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":53,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1126991912","https://openalex.org/W1505842519","https://openalex.org/W1590194639","https://openalex.org/W1649645444","https://openalex.org/W1685788600","https://openalex.org/W1808652302","https://openalex.org/W2027867013","https://openalex.org/W2043990618","https://openalex.org/W2064337796","https://openalex.org/W2074931707","https://openalex.org/W2113952938","https://openalex.org/W2138239858","https://openalex.org/W2151068025","https://openalex.org/W2151868700","https://openalex.org/W2164146524","https://openalex.org/W2164205487","https://openalex.org/W2317648909","https://openalex.org/W2410118478","https://openalex.org/W2443882833","https://openalex.org/W2467651252","https://openalex.org/W2517755440","https://openalex.org/W2518786827","https://openalex.org/W2803290558","https://openalex.org/W2808129629","https://openalex.org/W2958057146","https://openalex.org/W2963955749","https://openalex.org/W2969270537","https://openalex.org/W2980904865","https://openalex.org/W3027986500","https://openalex.org/W3028814663","https://openalex.org/W3032794980","https://openalex.org/W3037184766","https://openalex.org/W3039772773","https://openalex.org/W3092444344","https://openalex.org/W3113352959","https://openalex.org/W3163194020","https://openalex.org/W3197590519","https://openalex.org/W3208021115","https://openalex.org/W3208307906","https://openalex.org/W4200000179","https://openalex.org/W4221040110","https://openalex.org/W6627291559","https://openalex.org/W6635305044","https://openalex.org/W6637282337","https://openalex.org/W6680310457","https://openalex.org/W6714700659","https://openalex.org/W6718167664","https://openalex.org/W6726293587","https://openalex.org/W6726424934","https://openalex.org/W6761977102","https://openalex.org/W6778217367","https://openalex.org/W6780297596","https://openalex.org/W6801363237"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W187932805","https://openalex.org/W4392490004","https://openalex.org/W1641026212","https://openalex.org/W2911982698","https://openalex.org/W2323588885","https://openalex.org/W3047677938","https://openalex.org/W2087134418","https://openalex.org/W2078646730","https://openalex.org/W4312053962","https://openalex.org/W176477701"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"OBJECTIVE:":[0],"The":[1,91,176,202],"aim":[2],"of":[3,13,23,32,58,62,68,93,141,147,152,165,181,220],"this":[4],"study":[5],"was":[6,53],"to":[7,17,99,106,135,188,197,244],"analyze":[8],"a":[9],"publicly":[10],"available":[11],"sample":[12,31],"rule-based":[14],"phenotype":[15,35,70,149,203,235],"definitions":[16,36,71,150,204,236],"characterize":[18],"and":[19,48,75,101,119,123,158,161,170,179,213,228,241,247],"evaluate":[20],"the":[21,59,63,69,111,127,139,148,221],"variability":[22],"logical":[24,120,153,229],"constructs":[25],"used.":[26],"MATERIALS":[27],"AND":[28],"METHODS:":[29],"A":[30,231],"33":[33],"preexisting":[34],"used":[37,95,115],"in":[38,209],"research":[39],"that":[40,110,145],"are":[41,126,183,217],"represented":[42],"using":[43,55],"Fast":[44],"Healthcare":[45],"Interoperability":[46],"Resources":[47],"Clinical":[49],"Quality":[50],"Language":[51],"(CQL)":[52],"analyzed":[54,205],"automated":[56],"analysis":[57],"computable":[60],"representation":[61,233],"CQL":[64],"libraries.":[65],"RESULTS:":[66],"Most":[67,84],"include":[72],"narrative":[73],"descriptions":[74],"flowcharts,":[76],"while":[77],"few":[78],"provide":[79],"pseudocode":[80],"or":[81,87,191],"executable":[82],"artifacts.":[83],"use":[85],"4":[86,134],"fewer":[88],"medical":[89],"terminologies.":[90],"number":[92,178],"codes":[94,166],"ranges":[96,132],"from":[97,104,133,167],"5":[98],"6865,":[100],"value":[102],"sets":[103],"1":[105],"19.":[107],"We":[108],"found":[109,144],"most":[112],"common":[113],"expressions":[114,125,182],"were":[116],"literal,":[117],"data,":[118,163],"expressions.":[121,230],"Aggregate":[122],"arithmetic":[124],"least":[128],"common.":[129],"Expression":[130],"depth":[131],"27.":[136],"DISCUSSION:":[137],"Despite":[138],"range":[140],"conditions,":[142],"we":[143],"all":[146,218],"consisted":[151],"criteria,":[154],"representing":[155],"both":[156],"clinical":[157],"operational":[159],"logic,":[160],"tabular":[162,226],"consisting":[164],"standard":[168,232],"terminologies":[169],"keywords":[171],"for":[172,234],"natural":[173],"language":[174],"processing.":[175],"total":[177],"variety":[180],"low,":[184],"which":[185],"may":[186,193],"be":[187,242],"simplify":[189],"implementation,":[190],"authors":[192],"limit":[194],"complexity":[195],"due":[196],"data":[198,227],"availability":[199],"constraints.":[200],"CONCLUSIONS:":[201],"show":[206],"significant":[207],"variation":[208],"specific":[210],"logical,":[211],"arithmetic,":[212],"other":[214],"operators":[215],"but":[216],"composed":[219],"same":[222],"high-level":[223],"components,":[224],"namely":[225],"should":[237],"support":[238,245],"these":[239],"formats":[240],"modular":[243],"localization":[246],"shared":[248],"logic.":[249]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-04-29T09:16:38.111599","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
