{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4295077997","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jamia/ocac158","title":"Translating and evaluating historic phenotyping algorithms using SNOMED CT","display_name":"Translating and evaluating historic phenotyping algorithms using SNOMED CT","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-09-09","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4295077997","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jamia/ocac158","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36083213"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1093/jamia/ocac158","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jamia/ocac158","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S129839026","display_name":"Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association","issn_l":"1067-5027","issn":["1067-5027","1527-974X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jamia/ocac158","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030598626","display_name":"Musaab Elkheder","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I45129253","display_name":"University College London","ror":"https://ror.org/02jx3x895","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I45129253"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Musaab Elkheder","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Health Informatics, University College London , London, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Health Informatics, University College London , London, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I45129253"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090561416","display_name":"Arturo Gonz\u00e1lez-Izquierdo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0984-5830"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210142469","display_name":"Health Data Research UK","ror":"https://ror.org/04rtjaj74","country_code":"GB","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210142469"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I45129253","display_name":"University College London","ror":"https://ror.org/02jx3x895","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I45129253"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Arturo Gonzalez-Izquierdo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Health Data Research UK , London, UK","Institute of Health Informatics, University College London , London, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Health Data Research UK , London, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210142469"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Health Informatics, University College London , London, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I45129253"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013645403","display_name":"Muhammad Qummer Ul Arfeen","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I45129253","display_name":"University College London","ror":"https://ror.org/02jx3x895","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I45129253"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Muhammad Qummer Ul Arfeen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Health Informatics, University College London , London, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Health Informatics, University College London , London, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I45129253"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058652011","display_name":"Valerie Kuan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7873-6972"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I45129253","display_name":"University College London","ror":"https://ror.org/02jx3x895","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I45129253"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Valerie Kuan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Health Informatics, University College London , London, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Health Informatics, University College London , London, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I45129253"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085410429","display_name":"R Thomas Lumbers","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9077-4741"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1340918713","display_name":"University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust","ror":"https://ror.org/042fqyp44","country_code":"GB","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1340918713"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I225661044","display_name":"Barts Health NHS Trust","ror":"https://ror.org/00b31g692","country_code":"GB","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I225661044"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I45129253","display_name":"University College London","ror":"https://ror.org/02jx3x895","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I45129253"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"R Thomas Lumbers","raw_affiliation_strings":["Barts Health NHS Trust , London, UK","Institute of Health Informatics, University College London , London, UK","University College London Hospitals NHS Trust , London, UK"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9077-4741","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Barts Health NHS Trust , London, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I225661044"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Health Informatics, University College London , London, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I45129253"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University College London Hospitals NHS Trust , London, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1340918713","https://openalex.org/I45129253"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073010916","display_name":"Spiros Denaxas","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9612-7791"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I32003884","display_name":"British Heart Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/02wdwnk04","country_code":"GB","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32003884"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210142469","display_name":"Health Data Research UK","ror":"https://ror.org/04rtjaj74","country_code":"GB","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210142469"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I45129253","display_name":"University College London","ror":"https://ror.org/02jx3x895","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I45129253"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Spiros Denaxas","raw_affiliation_strings":["British Heart Foundation Data Science Centre , London, UK","Health Data Research UK , London, UK","Institute of Health Informatics, University College London , London, UK"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9612-7791","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"British Heart Foundation Data Science Centre , London, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32003884"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Health Data Research UK , London, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210142469"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Health Informatics, University College London , London, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I45129253"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070940290","display_name":"Anoop D Shah","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8907-5724"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1340918713","display_name":"University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust","ror":"https://ror.org/042fqyp44","country_code":"GB","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1340918713"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I45129253","display_name":"University College London","ror":"https://ror.org/02jx3x895","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I45129253"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Anoop D Shah","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Health Informatics, University College London , London, UK","University College London Hospitals NHS Trust , London, UK"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8907-5724","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Health Informatics, University College London , London, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I45129253"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University College London Hospitals NHS Trust , London, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1340918713","https://openalex.org/I45129253"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5070940290"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1340918713","https://openalex.org/I45129253"],"apc_list":{"value":3967,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3967},"apc_paid":{"value":3967,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3967},"fwci":1.56,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":18,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.82997751,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"30","issue":"2","first_page":"222","last_page":"232"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11710","display_name":"Biomedical Text Mining and Ontologies","score":0.8389000296592712,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11710","display_name":"Biomedical Text Mining and Ontologies","score":0.8389000296592712,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10350","display_name":"Electronic Health Records Systems","score":0.04430000111460686,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3605","display_name":"Health Information Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/36","display_name":"Health Professions"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14400","display_name":"Medical Coding and Health Information","score":0.03350000083446503,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3605","display_name":"Health Information Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/36","display_name":"Health Professions"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/snomed-ct","display_name":"SNOMED CT","score":0.9907259941101074},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/systematized-nomenclature-of-medicine","display_name":"Systematized Nomenclature of Medicine","score":0.8969423770904541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/terminology","display_name":"Terminology","score":0.6908410787582397},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.560957133769989},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","score":0.5314534902572632},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5037793517112732},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.4259752631187439},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.39930304884910583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-retrieval","display_name":"Information retrieval","score":0.37280529737472534},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.35027116537094116}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206497026","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1753883","display_name":"SNOMED CT","level":3,"score":0.9907259941101074},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44681071","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4048820","display_name":"Systematized Nomenclature of Medicine","level":4,"score":0.8969423770904541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C547195049","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1725664","display_name":"Terminology","level":2,"score":0.6908410787582397},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.560957133769989},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.5314534902572632},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5037793517112732},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.4259752631187439},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.39930304884910583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23123220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q816826","display_name":"Information retrieval","level":1,"score":0.37280529737472534},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.35027116537094116},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001249","descriptor_name":"Asthma","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001249","descriptor_name":"Asthma","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001249","descriptor_name":"Asthma","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001249","descriptor_name":"Asthma","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016208","descriptor_name":"Databases, Factual","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016208","descriptor_name":"Databases, Factual","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016208","descriptor_name":"Databases, Factual","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016208","descriptor_name":"Databases, Factual","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D039061","descriptor_name":"Systematized Nomenclature of Medicine","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D039061","descriptor_name":"Systematized Nomenclature of Medicine","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D039061","descriptor_name":"Systematized Nomenclature of Medicine","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D039061","descriptor_name":"Systematized Nomenclature of Medicine","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D057286","descriptor_name":"Electronic Health Records","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D057286","descriptor_name":"Electronic Health Records","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D057286","descriptor_name":"Electronic Health Records","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D057286","descriptor_name":"Electronic Health Records","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1093/jamia/ocac158","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jamia/ocac158","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S129839026","display_name":"Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association","issn_l":"1067-5027","issn":["1067-5027","1527-974X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:36083213","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36083213","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association : JAMIA","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:eprints.ucl.ac.uk.OAI2:10155637","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/10155637/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400024","display_name":"UCL Discovery (University College London)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I45129253","host_organization_name":"University College London","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I45129253"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association       (2022)     (In press).","raw_type":"Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:9846670","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/9846670","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"J Am Med Inform Assoc","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1093/jamia/ocac158","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jamia/ocac158","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S129839026","display_name":"Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association","issn_l":"1067-5027","issn":["1067-5027","1527-974X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.41999998688697815,"display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2107972360","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"MR/K006584/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334626","funder_display_name":"Medical Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G286068902","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"COV-LT-0009","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320309229","funder_display_name":"National Institute on Handicapped Research"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3377197684","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"RP-PG-0407-10314","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320319990","funder_display_name":"National Institute for Health and Care Research"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G385858844","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"AI_AWARD01864","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320309229","funder_display_name":"National Institute on Handicapped Research"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4072067573","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"EP/N510129/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320313467","funder_display_name":"Alan Turing Institute"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G534532664","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"HDR-23004","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334626","funder_display_name":"Medical Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8974814185","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"086091/Z/08/Z","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320311904","funder_display_name":"Wellcome Trust"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320309229","display_name":"National Institute on Handicapped Research","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320311904","display_name":"Wellcome Trust","ror":"https://ror.org/029chgv08"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320313467","display_name":"Alan Turing Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/035dkdb55"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320319990","display_name":"National Institute for Health and Care Research","ror":"https://ror.org/0187kwz08"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320319992","display_name":"British Heart Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/02wdwnk04"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320319994","display_name":"Department of Health and Social Care","ror":"https://ror.org/03sbpja79"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320853","display_name":"Public Health Agency","ror":"https://ror.org/03ek62e72"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334626","display_name":"Medical Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/03x94j517"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":31,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W73143024","https://openalex.org/W1481389199","https://openalex.org/W1483357098","https://openalex.org/W1783190234","https://openalex.org/W1863753810","https://openalex.org/W2110362051","https://openalex.org/W2119852447","https://openalex.org/W2120038015","https://openalex.org/W2133959708","https://openalex.org/W2155869212","https://openalex.org/W2163589808","https://openalex.org/W2502882143","https://openalex.org/W2606183901","https://openalex.org/W2770112230","https://openalex.org/W2790042129","https://openalex.org/W2889295721","https://openalex.org/W2905274981","https://openalex.org/W2944890781","https://openalex.org/W2958057146","https://openalex.org/W2963955749","https://openalex.org/W2973950617","https://openalex.org/W2978354045","https://openalex.org/W3107276381","https://openalex.org/W3136667656","https://openalex.org/W3149026346","https://openalex.org/W6602949280","https://openalex.org/W6628888145","https://openalex.org/W6638032528","https://openalex.org/W6676254740","https://openalex.org/W6682718548","https://openalex.org/W6768827271"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2581432157","https://openalex.org/W4386159309","https://openalex.org/W983237315","https://openalex.org/W4295077997","https://openalex.org/W4384914659","https://openalex.org/W2419080317","https://openalex.org/W2026282251","https://openalex.org/W1708042184","https://openalex.org/W1511848092","https://openalex.org/W2405923535"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"OBJECTIVE:":[0],"Patient":[1],"phenotype":[2,86],"definitions":[3,24,87],"based":[4],"on":[5,118],"terminologies":[6],"are":[7],"required":[8],"for":[9,88,134,227],"the":[10,50,59,73,145,218,230],"computational":[11],"use":[12,51],"of":[13,32,38,52,121,142,164,179,217],"electronic":[14],"health":[15,143],"records.":[16],"Within":[17],"UK":[18],"primary":[19,76],"care":[20,77],"research":[21],"databases,":[22],"such":[23],"have":[25],"typically":[26],"been":[27],"represented":[28],"as":[29],"flat":[30],"lists":[31],"Read":[33,159],"terms,":[34],"but":[35,205],"Systematized":[36],"Nomenclature":[37],"Medicine-Clinical":[39],"Terms":[40],"(SNOMED":[41],"CT)":[42],"(a":[43],"widely":[44],"employed":[45],"international":[46],"reference":[47],"terminology)":[48],"enables":[49],"relationships":[53],"between":[54],"concepts,":[55],"which":[56],"could":[57],"facilitate":[58],"phenotyping":[60,66],"process.":[61],"We":[62,82,124,211],"implemented":[63],"SNOMED":[64,84,127,172,238],"CT-based":[65],"approaches":[67],"and":[68,95,104,111,114,188,190,198,226],"investigated":[69],"their":[70],"performance":[71],"in":[72,130,139,161,249],"CPRD":[74,169],"Aurum":[75],"database.":[78],"MATERIALS":[79],"AND":[80],"METHODS:":[81],"developed":[83],"CT":[85,128,173,239],"3":[89,99],"exemplar":[90],"diseases:":[91],"diabetes":[92],"mellitus,":[93],"asthma,":[94],"heart":[96],"failure,":[97],"using":[98,149],"methods:":[100],"\"primary\"":[101,209],"(primary":[102,108],"concept":[103,224],"its":[105],"descendants),":[106],"\"extended\"":[107,199],"concept,":[109],"descendants,":[110],"additional":[112],"relations),":[113],"\"value":[115,196],"set\"":[116,197],"(based":[117],"text":[119],"searches":[120],"term":[122],"descriptions).":[123],"also":[125],"derived":[126],"codelists":[129,160,174,200],"a":[131,140,162,176,222],"semiautomated":[132],"manner":[133],"276":[135,219],"disease":[136,246],"phenotypes":[137,220],"used":[138],"study":[141],"across":[144],"lifecourse.":[146],"Cohorts":[147],"selected":[148,175],"each":[150],"codelist":[151],"were":[152,193,212],"compared":[153],"to":[154,181,214,244,253],"\"gold":[155],"standard\"":[156],"manually":[157,254],"curated":[158,255],"sample":[163],"500":[165],"000":[166],"patients":[167,180],"from":[168],"Aurum.":[170],"RESULTS:":[171],"similar":[177,250],"set":[178],"Read,":[182],"with":[183],"F1":[184,231],"scores":[185],"exceeding":[186],"0.93,":[187],"age":[189],"sex":[191],"distributions":[192],"similar.":[194],"The":[195],"had":[201],"slightly":[202],"greater":[203,234],"recall":[204],"lower":[206],"precision":[207],"than":[208,235],"codelists.":[210,256],"able":[213],"represent":[215],"257":[216],"by":[221],"single":[223],"hierarchy,":[225],"135":[228],"phenotypes,":[229,247],"score":[232],"was":[233],"0.9.":[236],"CONCLUSIONS:":[237],"provides":[240],"an":[241],"efficient":[242],"way":[243],"define":[245],"resulting":[248],"patient":[251],"populations":[252]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":7}],"updated_date":"2026-04-29T09:16:38.111599","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}