{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4210898640","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jamia/ocac018","title":"Extracting seizure frequency from epilepsy clinic notes: a machine reading approach to natural language processing","display_name":"Extracting seizure frequency from epilepsy clinic notes: a machine reading approach to natural language processing","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-02-09","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4210898640","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jamia/ocac018","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35190834"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1093/jamia/ocac018","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jamia/ocac018","pdf_url":"https://academic.oup.com/jamia/article-pdf/29/5/873/43372456/ocac018.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S129839026","display_name":"Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association","issn_l":"1067-5027","issn":["1067-5027","1527-974X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://academic.oup.com/jamia/article-pdf/29/5/873/43372456/ocac018.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000644086","display_name":"Kevin Xie","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1849-2085"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79576946","display_name":"University of Pennsylvania","ror":"https://ror.org/00b30xv10","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kevin Xie","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Neuroengineering and Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA","Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Neuroengineering and Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101983491","display_name":"Ryan S. Gallagher","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1789-9142"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79576946","display_name":"University of Pennsylvania","ror":"https://ror.org/00b30xv10","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ryan S Gallagher","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Neuroengineering and Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA","Department of Neurology, Penn Epilepsy Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Neuroengineering and Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Neurology, Penn Epilepsy Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039681359","display_name":"Erin C. Conrad","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8910-1817"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79576946","display_name":"University of Pennsylvania","ror":"https://ror.org/00b30xv10","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Erin C Conrad","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Neurology, Penn Epilepsy Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Neurology, Penn Epilepsy Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027517308","display_name":"Chadric O Garrick","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79576946","display_name":"University of Pennsylvania","ror":"https://ror.org/00b30xv10","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chadric O Garrick","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Neuroengineering and Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Neuroengineering and Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021330813","display_name":"Steven N. Baldassano","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0291-1567"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79576946","display_name":"University of Pennsylvania","ror":"https://ror.org/00b30xv10","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Steven N Baldassano","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Neuroengineering and Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA","Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Neuroengineering and Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091769728","display_name":"John M. Bernabei","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3012-1263"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79576946","display_name":"University of Pennsylvania","ror":"https://ror.org/00b30xv10","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"John M Bernabei","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Neuroengineering and Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA","Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Neuroengineering and Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030610444","display_name":"Peter D. Galer","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6408-0906"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1335321130","display_name":"Children's Hospital of Philadelphia","ror":"https://ror.org/01z7r7q48","country_code":"US","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1335321130"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79576946","display_name":"University of Pennsylvania","ror":"https://ror.org/00b30xv10","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Peter D Galer","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Neuroengineering and Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA","Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA","Department of Biomedical and Health Informatics, Children\u2019s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA","Department of Biomedical and Health Informatics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Neuroengineering and Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biomedical and Health Informatics, Children\u2019s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1335321130"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biomedical and Health Informatics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1335321130"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075120455","display_name":"Nina J Ghosn","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3471-803X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79576946","display_name":"University of Pennsylvania","ror":"https://ror.org/00b30xv10","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nina J Ghosn","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Neuroengineering and Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA","Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Neuroengineering and Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082118249","display_name":"Adam Greenblatt","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8417-3667"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79576946","display_name":"University of Pennsylvania","ror":"https://ror.org/00b30xv10","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Adam S Greenblatt","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Neurology, Penn Epilepsy Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Neurology, Penn Epilepsy Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022258147","display_name":"Tara Jennings","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79576946","display_name":"University of Pennsylvania","ror":"https://ror.org/00b30xv10","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tara Jennings","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Neurology, Penn Epilepsy Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Neurology, Penn Epilepsy Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080571071","display_name":"Alana Kornspun","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79576946","display_name":"University of Pennsylvania","ror":"https://ror.org/00b30xv10","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alana Kornspun","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Neurology, Penn Epilepsy Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Neurology, Penn Epilepsy Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110695168","display_name":"Catherine V. Kulick\u2010Soper","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79576946","display_name":"University of Pennsylvania","ror":"https://ror.org/00b30xv10","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Catherine V Kulick-Soper","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Neurology, Penn Epilepsy Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Neurology, Penn Epilepsy Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013100957","display_name":"Jal M Panchal","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79576946","display_name":"University of Pennsylvania","ror":"https://ror.org/00b30xv10","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jal M Panchal","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Neuroengineering and Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA","Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA","The General Robotics, Automation, Sensing and Perception Laboratory, School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Neuroengineering and Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"The General Robotics, Automation, Sensing and Perception Laboratory, School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068966342","display_name":"Akash R. Pattnaik","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2474-1685"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79576946","display_name":"University of Pennsylvania","ror":"https://ror.org/00b30xv10","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Akash R Pattnaik","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Neuroengineering and Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA","Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Neuroengineering and Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025315368","display_name":"Brittany H. Scheid","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8528-0085"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79576946","display_name":"University of Pennsylvania","ror":"https://ror.org/00b30xv10","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Brittany H Scheid","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Neuroengineering and Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA","Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Neuroengineering and Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023735038","display_name":"Danmeng Wei","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79576946","display_name":"University of Pennsylvania","ror":"https://ror.org/00b30xv10","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Danmeng Wei","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Neurology, Penn Epilepsy Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Neurology, Penn Epilepsy Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020597865","display_name":"Micah Weitzman","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79576946","display_name":"University of Pennsylvania","ror":"https://ror.org/00b30xv10","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Micah Weitzman","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Systems Engineering, School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Systems Engineering, School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040336070","display_name":"Ramya Muthukrishnan","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79576946","display_name":"University of Pennsylvania","ror":"https://ror.org/00b30xv10","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ramya Muthukrishnan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer and Information Science, School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer and Information Science, School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050832932","display_name":"Joongwon Kim","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79576946","display_name":"University of Pennsylvania","ror":"https://ror.org/00b30xv10","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Joongwon Kim","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer and Information Science, School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer and Information Science, School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017821899","display_name":"Brian Litt","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2732-6927"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79576946","display_name":"University of Pennsylvania","ror":"https://ror.org/00b30xv10","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Brian Litt","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Neuroengineering and Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA","Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA","Department of Neurology, Penn Epilepsy Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Neuroengineering and Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Neurology, Penn Epilepsy Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039576451","display_name":"Colin A. Ellis","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2152-8106"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79576946","display_name":"University of Pennsylvania","ror":"https://ror.org/00b30xv10","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Colin A Ellis","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Neuroengineering and Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA","Department of Neurology, Penn Epilepsy Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Neuroengineering and Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Neurology, Penn Epilepsy Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023802054","display_name":"Dan Roth","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-1447-5173"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79576946","display_name":"University of Pennsylvania","ror":"https://ror.org/00b30xv10","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dan Roth","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer and Information Science, School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer and Information Science, School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":22,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5039576451"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"],"apc_list":{"value":3967,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3967},"apc_paid":{"value":3967,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3967},"fwci":6.9865,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":62,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97889803,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"29","issue":"5","first_page":"873","last_page":"881"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10429","display_name":"EEG and Brain-Computer Interfaces","score":0.33219999074935913,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10429","display_name":"EEG and Brain-Computer Interfaces","score":0.33219999074935913,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10094","display_name":"Epilepsy research and treatment","score":0.23639999330043793,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2738","display_name":"Psychiatry and Mental health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13702","display_name":"Machine Learning in Healthcare","score":0.1370999962091446,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8228156566619873},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pipeline","display_name":"Pipeline (software)","score":0.6711016893386841},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6253455877304077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/epilepsy","display_name":"Epilepsy","score":0.6070520877838135},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reading","display_name":"Reading (process)","score":0.5864784121513367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.5390036106109619},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/unstructured-data","display_name":"Unstructured data","score":0.4591064453125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.4548318088054657},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"Deep learning","score":0.4107586145401001},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.41005223989486694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.2243311107158661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.22393211722373962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychiatry","display_name":"Psychiatry","score":0.07857620716094971}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8228156566619873},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43521106","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2165493","display_name":"Pipeline (software)","level":2,"score":0.6711016893386841},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6253455877304077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778186239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41571","display_name":"Epilepsy","level":2,"score":0.6070520877838135},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C554936623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199657","display_name":"Reading (process)","level":2,"score":0.5864784121513367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.5390036106109619},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781252014","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1141900","display_name":"Unstructured data","level":3,"score":0.4591064453125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.4548318088054657},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.4107586145401001},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.41005223989486694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.2243311107158661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.22393211722373962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118552586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7867","display_name":"Psychiatry","level":1,"score":0.07857620716094971},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75684735","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q858810","display_name":"Big data","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D004827","descriptor_name":"Epilepsy","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D004827","descriptor_name":"Epilepsy","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D004827","descriptor_name":"Epilepsy","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D004827","descriptor_name":"Epilepsy","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009323","descriptor_name":"Natural Language Processing","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D009323","descriptor_name":"Natural Language Processing","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D009323","descriptor_name":"Natural Language Processing","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D009323","descriptor_name":"Natural Language Processing","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012189","descriptor_name":"Retrospective Studies","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012189","descriptor_name":"Retrospective Studies","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012189","descriptor_name":"Retrospective Studies","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012189","descriptor_name":"Retrospective Studies","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012640","descriptor_name":"Seizures","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012640","descriptor_name":"Seizures","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012640","descriptor_name":"Seizures","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012640","descriptor_name":"Seizures","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D057286","descriptor_name":"Electronic Health Records","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D057286","descriptor_name":"Electronic Health Records","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D057286","descriptor_name":"Electronic Health Records","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D057286","descriptor_name":"Electronic Health Records","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1093/jamia/ocac018","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jamia/ocac018","pdf_url":"https://academic.oup.com/jamia/article-pdf/29/5/873/43372456/ocac018.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S129839026","display_name":"Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association","issn_l":"1067-5027","issn":["1067-5027","1527-974X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:35190834","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35190834","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association : JAMIA","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:9006692","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/9006692","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"J Am Med Inform Assoc","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1093/jamia/ocac018","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jamia/ocac018","pdf_url":"https://academic.oup.com/jamia/article-pdf/29/5/873/43372456/ocac018.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S129839026","display_name":"Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association","issn_l":"1067-5027","issn":["1067-5027","1527-974X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.4399999976158142,"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16"},{"score":0.4300000071525574,"display_name":"Quality Education","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7393537253","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"1DP1 OD029758","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337359","funder_display_name":"National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320317066","display_name":"Mirowski Family Foundation","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337359","display_name":"National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke","ror":"https://ror.org/01s5ya894"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4210898640.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4210898640.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":15,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W827047144","https://openalex.org/W1966976587","https://openalex.org/W2033465810","https://openalex.org/W2053154970","https://openalex.org/W2058499943","https://openalex.org/W2140302476","https://openalex.org/W2169261007","https://openalex.org/W2517388783","https://openalex.org/W2928222247","https://openalex.org/W3003985767","https://openalex.org/W3095092693","https://openalex.org/W3173581459","https://openalex.org/W4294214983","https://openalex.org/W6772584536","https://openalex.org/W6786164389"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2395385109","https://openalex.org/W2773633178","https://openalex.org/W2080101436","https://openalex.org/W2802335767","https://openalex.org/W2356350882","https://openalex.org/W4388090985","https://openalex.org/W3203889067","https://openalex.org/W3184725726","https://openalex.org/W1545074592","https://openalex.org/W2275559830"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"OBJECTIVE:":[0],"Seizure":[1],"frequency":[2,76,153],"and":[3,44,69,77,93,96,106,110,123,136,154,174,224],"seizure":[4,75,81,132,152],"freedom":[5],"are":[6],"among":[7],"the":[8,112,181],"most":[9],"important":[10,203],"outcome":[11],"measures":[12],"for":[13,46,59,89,172,176],"patients":[14,43,65,130],"with":[15,134,159,237],"epilepsy.":[16],"In":[17],"this":[18,25,36],"study,":[19],"we":[20],"aimed":[21],"to":[22,63,70,186,201,220,241],"automatically":[23],"extract":[24,71,111],"clinical":[26,32,39,83,204,222,228,244],"information":[27,114],"from":[28,82],"unstructured":[29],"text":[30,72,177],"in":[31,41,183],"notes.":[33,84,192],"If":[34],"successful,":[35],"could":[37,108],"improve":[38],"decision-making":[40],"epilepsy":[42],"allow":[45],"rapid,":[47],"large-scale":[48,226],"retrospective":[49,227],"research.":[50,229],"MATERIALS":[51],"AND":[52,194],"METHODS:":[53],"We":[54,85],"developed":[55],"a":[56],"finetuning":[57,187,235],"pipeline":[58,236],"pretrained":[60,101],"neural":[61,102],"models":[62,120,145,169],"classify":[64],"as":[66,91,131],"being":[67],"seizure-free":[68],"containing":[73],"their":[74],"date":[78,155],"of":[79,156,168,180],"last":[80,157],"annotated":[86,191],"1000":[87],"notes":[88],"use":[90,233],"training":[92,239],"testing":[94],"data":[95],"determined":[97],"how":[98],"well":[99],"3":[100,144],"models,":[103],"BERT,":[104],"RoBERTa,":[105],"Bio_ClinicalBERT,":[107],"identify":[109],"desired":[113],"after":[115],"finetuning.":[116],"RESULTS:":[117],"The":[118,165],"finetuned":[119],"(BERTFT,":[121],"Bio_ClinicalBERTFT,":[122],"RoBERTaFT)":[124],"achieved":[125,147],"near-human":[126],"performance":[127,149,184,211],"when":[128,150],"classifying":[129],"free,":[133],"BERTFT":[135],"Bio_ClinicalBERTFT":[137,171],"achieving":[138],"accuracy":[139],"scores":[140,162],"over":[141,163],"80%.":[142],"All":[143],"also":[146],"human":[148,210],"extracting":[151,202],"seizure,":[158],"overall":[160],"F1":[161],"0.80.":[164],"best":[166],"combination":[167],"was":[170],"classification,":[173],"RoBERTaFT":[175],"extraction.":[178],"Most":[179],"gains":[182],"due":[185],"required":[188],"roughly":[189],"70":[190],"DISCUSSION":[193],"CONCLUSION:":[195],"Our":[196],"novel":[197],"machine":[198],"reading":[199],"approach":[200,216],"outcomes":[205],"performed":[206],"at":[207],"or":[208],"near":[209],"on":[212],"several":[213],"tasks.":[214],"This":[215],"opens":[217],"new":[218,243],"possibilities":[219],"support":[221],"practice":[223],"conduct":[225],"Future":[230],"studies":[231],"can":[232],"our":[234],"minimal":[238],"annotations":[240],"answer":[242],"questions.":[245]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":17},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":17},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":7}],"updated_date":"2026-04-29T09:16:38.111599","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}