{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4200557017","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jamia/ocab279","title":"Gender-sensitive word embeddings for healthcare","display_name":"Gender-sensitive word embeddings for healthcare","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-12-10","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4200557017","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jamia/ocab279","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34918101"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1093/jamia/ocab279","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jamia/ocab279","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S129839026","display_name":"Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association","issn_l":"1067-5027","issn":["1067-5027","1527-974X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/8800511","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018879650","display_name":"Shunit Agmon","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9605-4131"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I174306211","display_name":"Technion \u2013 Israel Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03qryx823","country_code":"IL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I174306211"]}],"countries":["IL"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Shunit Agmon","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer Science Faculty, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Science Faculty, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I174306211"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045021727","display_name":"Plia Gillis","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16391192","display_name":"Tel Aviv University","ror":"https://ror.org/04mhzgx49","country_code":"IL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16391192"]}],"countries":["IL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Plia Gillis","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16391192"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043228682","display_name":"Eric Horvitz","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8823-0614"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1290206253","display_name":"Microsoft (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/00d0nc645","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1290206253"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Eric Horvitz","raw_affiliation_strings":["Microsoft Research, Redmond, WA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Microsoft Research, Redmond, WA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1290206253"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029708595","display_name":"Kira Radinsky","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-7918-2204"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I174306211","display_name":"Technion \u2013 Israel Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03qryx823","country_code":"IL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I174306211"]}],"countries":["IL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kira Radinsky","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer Science Faculty, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Science Faculty, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I174306211"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5018879650"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I174306211"],"apc_list":{"value":3967,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3967},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.3573,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":13,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.81992356,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"29","issue":"3","first_page":"415","last_page":"423"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13252","display_name":"Sex and Gender in Healthcare","score":0.4163999855518341,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13252","display_name":"Sex and Gender in Healthcare","score":0.4163999855518341,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13702","display_name":"Machine Learning in Healthcare","score":0.22920000553131104,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.0877000018954277,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/baseline","display_name":"Baseline (sea)","score":0.6387324929237366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/clinical-trial","display_name":"Clinical trial","score":0.5666446089744568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.500511884689331},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.4921962320804596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/word","display_name":"Word (group theory)","score":0.48827648162841797},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/comorbidity","display_name":"Comorbidity","score":0.48693954944610596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/weighting","display_name":"Weighting","score":0.48635274171829224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4726744592189789},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medline","display_name":"MEDLINE","score":0.4264333248138428},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.41148820519447327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.4057871699333191},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/linguistics","display_name":"Linguistics","score":0.11941707134246826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychiatry","display_name":"Psychiatry","score":0.10732650756835938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internal-medicine","display_name":"Internal medicine","score":0.09132075309753418}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12725497","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q810247","display_name":"Baseline (sea)","level":2,"score":0.6387324929237366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C535046627","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30612","display_name":"Clinical trial","level":2,"score":0.5666446089744568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.500511884689331},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.4921962320804596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90805587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10944557","display_name":"Word (group theory)","level":2,"score":0.48827648162841797},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779159551","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1414874","display_name":"Comorbidity","level":2,"score":0.48693954944610596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C183115368","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q856577","display_name":"Weighting","level":2,"score":0.48635274171829224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4726744592189789},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779473830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1540899","display_name":"MEDLINE","level":2,"score":0.4264333248138428},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.41148820519447327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.4057871699333191},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.11941707134246826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118552586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7867","display_name":"Psychiatry","level":1,"score":0.10732650756835938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.09132075309753418},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111368507","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43518","display_name":"Oceanography","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126838900","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77604","display_name":"Radiology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D002986","descriptor_name":"Clinical Trials as Topic","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002986","descriptor_name":"Clinical Trials as Topic","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002986","descriptor_name":"Clinical Trials as Topic","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003695","descriptor_name":"Delivery of Health Care","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D003695","descriptor_name":"Delivery of Health Care","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D003695","descriptor_name":"Delivery of Health Care","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009323","descriptor_name":"Natural Language Processing","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D009323","descriptor_name":"Natural Language Processing","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D009323","descriptor_name":"Natural Language Processing","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D039781","descriptor_name":"PubMed","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D039781","descriptor_name":"PubMed","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D039781","descriptor_name":"PubMed","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D063507","descriptor_name":"Sexism","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D063507","descriptor_name":"Sexism","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D063507","descriptor_name":"Sexism","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1093/jamia/ocab279","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jamia/ocab279","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S129839026","display_name":"Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association","issn_l":"1067-5027","issn":["1067-5027","1527-974X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:34918101","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34918101","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association : JAMIA","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:8800511","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/8800511","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"J Am Med Inform Assoc","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:8800511","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/8800511","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"J Am Med Inform Assoc","raw_type":"Text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Quality Education","score":0.5400000214576721,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":51,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W64581525","https://openalex.org/W1038669747","https://openalex.org/W1550258693","https://openalex.org/W1614298861","https://openalex.org/W1971607498","https://openalex.org/W2009055819","https://openalex.org/W2022817684","https://openalex.org/W2036051294","https://openalex.org/W2040236338","https://openalex.org/W2049316420","https://openalex.org/W2049564766","https://openalex.org/W2120404279","https://openalex.org/W2123945981","https://openalex.org/W2159583324","https://openalex.org/W2162124703","https://openalex.org/W2253399524","https://openalex.org/W2300698937","https://openalex.org/W2328176404","https://openalex.org/W2345062194","https://openalex.org/W2396881363","https://openalex.org/W2403155415","https://openalex.org/W2604972438","https://openalex.org/W2608139107","https://openalex.org/W2735025724","https://openalex.org/W2755492370","https://openalex.org/W2766712350","https://openalex.org/W2769358515","https://openalex.org/W2796920218","https://openalex.org/W2889624842","https://openalex.org/W2890457018","https://openalex.org/W2893425640","https://openalex.org/W2900569176","https://openalex.org/W2911462778","https://openalex.org/W2911489562","https://openalex.org/W2921633540","https://openalex.org/W2950018712","https://openalex.org/W2954058010","https://openalex.org/W2957430216","https://openalex.org/W2981869278","https://openalex.org/W2989912846","https://openalex.org/W2997522493","https://openalex.org/W2998359435","https://openalex.org/W4236937904","https://openalex.org/W6602673515","https://openalex.org/W6636510571","https://openalex.org/W6713414828","https://openalex.org/W6721933647","https://openalex.org/W6751778410","https://openalex.org/W6754412109","https://openalex.org/W6760413209","https://openalex.org/W6772693645"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2180954594","https://openalex.org/W2052835778","https://openalex.org/W2049003611","https://openalex.org/W2127804977","https://openalex.org/W2108418243","https://openalex.org/W164103134","https://openalex.org/W2787352659","https://openalex.org/W2383111961","https://openalex.org/W2365952365","https://openalex.org/W4206560911"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"OBJECTIVE:":[0],"To":[1],"analyze":[2,41],"gender":[3,19,42,228],"bias":[4,43],"in":[5,44,78,162,181,186,233,242],"clinical":[6,30,45,90,163,169,217,235],"trials,":[7,31],"to":[8,33,58,250],"design":[9],"an":[10],"algorithm":[11],"that":[12],"mitigates":[13],"the":[14,62,73,79,83,111,116,123,135,167,206,216,234],"effects":[15],"of":[16,18,66,75,97,125,137,141,196],"biases":[17,232,241],"representation":[20],"on":[21,26,88,253],"natural-language":[22],"(NLP)":[23],"systems":[24],"trained":[25],"text":[27],"drawn":[28],"from":[29],"and":[32,100,144,226,229],"evaluate":[34,82],"its":[35],"performance.":[36],"MATERIALS":[37],"AND":[38],"METHODS:":[39],"We":[40,54,81],"trials":[46,170,236],"described":[47],"by":[48,69,72],"16":[49],"772":[50],"PubMed":[51],"abstracts":[52,71],"(2008-2018).":[53],"present":[55],"a":[56],"method":[57,191],"augment":[59],"word":[60,202],"embeddings,":[61],"core":[63],"building":[64],"block":[65],"NLP-centric":[67],"representations,":[68],"weighting":[70],"number":[74],"women":[76],"participants":[77],"trial.":[80],"resulting":[84],"gender-sensitive":[85,112,194,207],"embeddings":[86,208,214,247],"performance":[87,211],"several":[89],"prediction":[91],"tasks:":[92],"comorbidity":[93,128],"classification,":[94,129],"hospital":[95],"length":[96,140],"stay":[98,142],"prediction,":[99,143],"intensive":[101],"care":[102],"unit":[103],"(ICU)":[104],"readmission":[105],"prediction.":[106],"RESULTS:":[107],"For":[108],"female":[109],"patients,":[110],"model":[113],"area":[114],"under":[115],"receiver-operator":[117],"characteristic":[118],"(AUROC)":[119],"is":[120],"0.86":[121],"versus":[122,134,147],"baseline":[124,136,213],"0.81":[126],"for":[127,139,149,175,201,215,224,244,256],"mean":[130],"absolute":[131],"error":[132],"4.59":[133],"4.66":[138],"AUROC":[145],"0.69":[146],"0.67":[148],"ICU":[150],"readmission.":[151],"All":[152],"results":[153,221,252],"are":[154],"statistically":[155],"significant.":[156],"DISCUSSION:":[157],"Women":[158],"have":[159],"been":[160],"underrepresented":[161,257],"trials.":[164],"Thus,":[165],"using":[166],"broad":[168],"literature":[171],"as":[172,198],"training":[173,199,245],"data":[174,200,243],"statistical":[176],"language":[177],"models":[178],"could":[179],"result":[180],"biased":[182],"models,":[183],"with":[184],"deficits":[185],"knowledge":[187],"about":[188],"women.":[189],"The":[190,220],"presented":[192],"enables":[193],"use":[195],"publications":[197],"embeddings.":[203],"In":[204],"experiments,":[205],"show":[209],"better":[210,251],"than":[212],"tasks":[218,255],"studied.":[219],"highlight":[222],"opportunities":[223],"recognizing":[225],"addressing":[227],"other":[230],"representational":[231,240],"literature.":[237],"CONCLUSION:":[238],"Addressing":[239],"NLP":[246],"can":[248],"lead":[249],"downstream":[254],"populations.":[258]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
