{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3153320818","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jamia/ocab055","title":"Public vs physician views of liability for artificial intelligence in health care","display_name":"Public vs physician views of liability for artificial intelligence in health care","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-03-11","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3153320818","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jamia/ocab055","mag":"3153320818","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33871009"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1093/jamia/ocab055","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jamia/ocab055","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S129839026","display_name":"Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association","issn_l":"1067-5027","issn":["1067-5027","1527-974X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/8279784","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064063993","display_name":"Dhruv Khullar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0053-9028"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","display_name":"Cornell University","ror":"https://ror.org/05bnh6r87","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Dhruv Khullar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, USA","Division of Health Policy and Economics, Department of Population Health Sciences, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0053-9028","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Health Policy and Economics, Department of Population Health Sciences, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007247503","display_name":"Lawrence P. Casalino","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7927-7859"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","display_name":"Cornell University","ror":"https://ror.org/05bnh6r87","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lawrence P Casalino","raw_affiliation_strings":["Division of Health Policy and Economics, Department of Population Health Sciences, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Health Policy and Economics, Department of Population Health Sciences, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101447403","display_name":"Yuting Qian","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9496-2299"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","display_name":"Cornell University","ror":"https://ror.org/05bnh6r87","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuting Qian","raw_affiliation_strings":["Division of Health Policy and Economics, Department of Population Health Sciences, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Health Policy and Economics, Department of Population Health Sciences, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086448660","display_name":"Yuan Lu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5264-2169"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I32971472","display_name":"Yale University","ror":"https://ror.org/03v76x132","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32971472"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuan Lu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Outcomes Research and Evaluation, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Outcomes Research and Evaluation, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32971472"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101808116","display_name":"Enoch Chang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2879-5445"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I32971472","display_name":"Yale University","ror":"https://ror.org/03v76x132","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32971472"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Enoch Chang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Therapeutic Radiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Therapeutic Radiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32971472"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027831083","display_name":"Sanjay Aneja","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5681-7528"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I32971472","display_name":"Yale University","ror":"https://ror.org/03v76x132","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32971472"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sanjay Aneja","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Outcomes Research and Evaluation, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA","Department of Therapeutic Radiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Outcomes Research and Evaluation, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32971472"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Therapeutic Radiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32971472"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5064063993"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"apc_list":{"value":3967,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3967},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.2864,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":57,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.88942696,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"28","issue":"7","first_page":"1574","last_page":"1577"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11636","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare and Education","score":0.9987000226974487,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2718","display_name":"Health Informatics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11636","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare and Education","score":0.9987000226974487,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2718","display_name":"Health Informatics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12339","display_name":"Medical Malpractice and Liability Issues","score":0.9976000189781189,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3611","display_name":"Pharmacy"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/36","display_name":"Health Professions"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10582","display_name":"Ethics in Clinical Research","score":0.987500011920929,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/specialty","display_name":"Specialty","score":0.7809747457504272},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/liability","display_name":"Liability","score":0.7751482129096985},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/health-care","display_name":"Health care","score":0.5882551670074463},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/public-health","display_name":"Public health","score":0.558117687702179},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medical-care","display_name":"Medical care","score":0.48370248079299927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/family-medicine","display_name":"Family medicine","score":0.4498341977596283},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.40997380018234253},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.4091613292694092},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medical-emergency","display_name":"Medical emergency","score":0.32780659198760986},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nursing","display_name":"Nursing","score":0.29404017329216003},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/political-science","display_name":"Political science","score":0.18999412655830383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/law","display_name":"Law","score":0.16367128491401672}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C20387591","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q930752","display_name":"Specialty","level":2,"score":0.7809747457504272},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777834853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q96776939","display_name":"Liability","level":2,"score":0.7751482129096985},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160735492","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q31207","display_name":"Health care","level":2,"score":0.5882551670074463},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138816342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189603","display_name":"Public health","level":2,"score":0.558117687702179},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3018838755","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q31207","display_name":"Medical care","level":2,"score":0.48370248079299927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C512399662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3505712","display_name":"Family medicine","level":1,"score":0.4498341977596283},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.40997380018234253},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.4091613292694092},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C545542383","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2751242","display_name":"Medical emergency","level":1,"score":0.32780659198760986},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159110408","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q121176","display_name":"Nursing","level":1,"score":0.29404017329216003},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.18999412655830383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.16367128491401672}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D001185","descriptor_name":"Artificial Intelligence","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001185","descriptor_name":"Artificial Intelligence","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001185","descriptor_name":"Artificial Intelligence","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D003695","descriptor_name":"Delivery of Health Care","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003695","descriptor_name":"Delivery of Health Care","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003695","descriptor_name":"Delivery of Health Care","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006268","descriptor_name":"Health Facilities","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006268","descriptor_name":"Health Facilities","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006268","descriptor_name":"Health Facilities","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010820","descriptor_name":"Physicians","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D010820","descriptor_name":"Physicians","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D010820","descriptor_name":"Physicians","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1093/jamia/ocab055","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jamia/ocab055","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S129839026","display_name":"Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association","issn_l":"1067-5027","issn":["1067-5027","1527-974X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:33871009","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33871009","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association : JAMIA","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:8279784","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/8279784","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"J Am Med Inform Assoc","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:8279784","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/8279784","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"J Am Med Inform Assoc","raw_type":"Text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.46000000834465027,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2192022972","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"5K12HS023000","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332177","funder_display_name":"Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332177","display_name":"Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality","ror":"https://ror.org/03jmfdf59"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":13,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2089883879","https://openalex.org/W2146336228","https://openalex.org/W2784499877","https://openalex.org/W2905136983","https://openalex.org/W2905483812","https://openalex.org/W2914156234","https://openalex.org/W2979279941","https://openalex.org/W2981869278","https://openalex.org/W3003344132","https://openalex.org/W3086667591","https://openalex.org/W3095912373","https://openalex.org/W3098949126","https://openalex.org/W3154910625"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2000811477","https://openalex.org/W2365653098","https://openalex.org/W3045293259","https://openalex.org/W3032220911","https://openalex.org/W4229884329","https://openalex.org/W2349001406","https://openalex.org/W2364829248","https://openalex.org/W2385612156","https://openalex.org/W2382841014","https://openalex.org/W2386244707"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"growing":[1],"use":[2],"of":[3,38,74,123],"artificial":[4],"intelligence":[5],"(AI)":[6],"in":[7],"health":[8],"care":[9,25,66],"has":[10],"raised":[11],"questions":[12],"about":[13],"who":[14],"should":[15,57,109],"be":[16,58,110],"held":[17,59],"liable":[18,111],"for":[19,112],"medical":[20,69,114,124],"errors":[21,115],"that":[22,46,55,98],"result":[23],"from":[24],"delivered":[26,67],"jointly":[27],"by":[28,129],"physicians":[29,39,56,76],"and":[30,40,77,106],"algorithms.":[31],"In":[32],"this":[33,81],"survey":[34],"study":[35],"comparing":[36],"views":[37],"the":[41,47,72,78,94,133],"U.S.":[42],"public,":[43,135],"we":[44],"find":[45],"public":[48,79,95],"is":[49],"significantly":[50],"more":[51,91,139],"likely":[52,92,140],"to":[53,96,141],"believe":[54,97],"responsible":[60],"when":[61],"an":[62],"error":[63],"occurs":[64],"during":[65],"with":[68],"AI,":[70],"though":[71],"majority":[73],"both":[75],"hold":[80,142],"view":[82],"(66.0%":[83],"vs":[84,101,117],"57.3%;":[85],"P":[86,103,119],"=":[87,104,120],".020).":[88],"Physicians":[89],"are":[90,138],"than":[93],"vendors":[99],"(43.8%":[100],"32.9%;":[102],".004)":[105],"healthcare":[107],"organizations":[108],"AI-related":[113],"(29.2%":[116],"22.6%;":[118],".05).":[121],"Views":[122],"liability":[125],"did":[126],"not":[127],"differ":[128],"clinical":[130],"specialty.":[131],"Among":[132],"general":[134],"younger":[136],"people":[137],"nearly":[143],"all":[144],"parties":[145],"liable.":[146]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":19},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":18},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-25T08:17:42.794288","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}