{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3098351838","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jamia/ocaa224","title":"Contemporary use of real-world data for clinical trial conduct in the United States: a scoping review","display_name":"Contemporary use of real-world data for clinical trial conduct in the United States: a scoping review","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-09-02","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3098351838","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jamia/ocaa224","mag":"3098351838","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33164065"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1093/jamia/ocaa224","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jamia/ocaa224","pdf_url":"https://academic.oup.com/jamia/article-pdf/28/1/144/35885530/ocaa224.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S129839026","display_name":"Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association","issn_l":"1067-5027","issn":["1067-5027","1527-974X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"review","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://academic.oup.com/jamia/article-pdf/28/1/144/35885530/ocaa224.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015333267","display_name":"James R. Rogers","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I78577930","display_name":"Columbia University","ror":"https://ror.org/00hj8s172","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I78577930"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"James R Rogers","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Biomedical Informatics, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biomedical Informatics, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I78577930"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073034434","display_name":"Junghwan Lee","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1267-6919"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I78577930","display_name":"Columbia University","ror":"https://ror.org/00hj8s172","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I78577930"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Junghwan Lee","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Biomedical Informatics, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biomedical Informatics, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I78577930"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103219438","display_name":"Ziheng Zhou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1343-2999"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I78577930","display_name":"Columbia University","ror":"https://ror.org/00hj8s172","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I78577930"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ziheng Zhou","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Human Nutrition, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Human Nutrition, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I78577930"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084539618","display_name":"Ying Kuen Cheung","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8530-035X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I78577930","display_name":"Columbia University","ror":"https://ror.org/00hj8s172","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I78577930"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ying Kuen Cheung","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Biostatistics, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA, and"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biostatistics, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA, and","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I78577930"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053670656","display_name":"George Hripcsak","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1340179700","display_name":"NewYork\u2013Presbyterian Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/03gzbrs57","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1340179700"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I78577930","display_name":"Columbia University","ror":"https://ror.org/00hj8s172","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I78577930"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"George Hripcsak","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Biomedical Informatics, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA","Medical Informatics Services, New York-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, New York, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biomedical Informatics, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I78577930"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Medical Informatics Services, New York-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, New York, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1340179700"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009604048","display_name":"Chunhua Weng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9624-0214"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I78577930","display_name":"Columbia University","ror":"https://ror.org/00hj8s172","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I78577930"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Chunhua Weng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Biomedical Informatics, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biomedical Informatics, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I78577930"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5009604048"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I78577930"],"apc_list":{"value":3967,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3967},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":7.2897,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":58,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9802175,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"28","issue":"1","first_page":"144","last_page":"154"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10845","display_name":"Advanced Causal Inference Techniques","score":0.9986000061035156,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2613","display_name":"Statistics and Probability"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/26","display_name":"Mathematics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10845","display_name":"Advanced Causal Inference Techniques","score":0.9986000061035156,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2613","display_name":"Statistics and Probability"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/26","display_name":"Mathematics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10804","display_name":"Health Systems, Economic Evaluations, Quality of Life","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11235","display_name":"Statistical Methods in Clinical Trials","score":0.9973999857902527,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2613","display_name":"Statistics and Probability"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/26","display_name":"Mathematics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/generalizability-theory","display_name":"Generalizability theory","score":0.7776892185211182},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/clinical-trial","display_name":"Clinical trial","score":0.7228999137878418},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-extraction","display_name":"Data extraction","score":0.5545111894607544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.46285051107406616},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medline","display_name":"MEDLINE","score":0.4533993899822235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-quality","display_name":"Data quality","score":0.43450042605400085},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","score":0.43160268664360046},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-science","display_name":"Data science","score":0.40195944905281067},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.36267971992492676},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.33658039569854736},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.25331103801727295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/service","display_name":"Service (business)","score":0.11107608675956726}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C27158222","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5532422","display_name":"Generalizability theory","level":2,"score":0.7776892185211182},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C535046627","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30612","display_name":"Clinical trial","level":2,"score":0.7228999137878418},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777466982","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5227287","display_name":"Data extraction","level":3,"score":0.5545111894607544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.46285051107406616},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779473830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1540899","display_name":"MEDLINE","level":2,"score":0.4533993899822235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24756922","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1757694","display_name":"Data quality","level":3,"score":0.43450042605400085},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.43160268664360046},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.40195944905281067},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.36267971992492676},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.33658039569854736},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.25331103801727295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780378061","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25351891","display_name":"Service (business)","level":2,"score":0.11107608675956726},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138496976","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175002","display_name":"Developmental psychology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136264566","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q159810","display_name":"Economy","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D002986","descriptor_name":"Clinical Trials as Topic","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002986","descriptor_name":"Clinical Trials as Topic","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002986","descriptor_name":"Clinical Trials as Topic","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002986","descriptor_name":"Clinical Trials as Topic","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002986","descriptor_name":"Clinical Trials as Topic","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012042","descriptor_name":"Registries","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012042","descriptor_name":"Registries","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012042","descriptor_name":"Registries","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012042","descriptor_name":"Registries","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012042","descriptor_name":"Registries","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012107","descriptor_name":"Research Design","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012107","descriptor_name":"Research Design","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012107","descriptor_name":"Research Design","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012107","descriptor_name":"Research Design","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012107","descriptor_name":"Research Design","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014481","descriptor_name":"United States","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014481","descriptor_name":"United States","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014481","descriptor_name":"United States","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014481","descriptor_name":"United States","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014481","descriptor_name":"United States","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D019992","descriptor_name":"Databases as Topic","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D019992","descriptor_name":"Databases as Topic","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D019992","descriptor_name":"Databases as Topic","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D019992","descriptor_name":"Databases as Topic","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D019992","descriptor_name":"Databases as Topic","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D057286","descriptor_name":"Electronic Health Records","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D057286","descriptor_name":"Electronic Health Records","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D057286","descriptor_name":"Electronic Health Records","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D057286","descriptor_name":"Electronic Health Records","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D057286","descriptor_name":"Electronic Health Records","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1093/jamia/ocaa224","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jamia/ocaa224","pdf_url":"https://academic.oup.com/jamia/article-pdf/28/1/144/35885530/ocaa224.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S129839026","display_name":"Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association","issn_l":"1067-5027","issn":["1067-5027","1527-974X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:33164065","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33164065","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association : JAMIA","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:europepmc.org:7452874","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://europepmc.org/pmc/articles/PMC7810452","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:7810452","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/7810452","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"J Am Med Inform Assoc","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1093/jamia/ocaa224","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jamia/ocaa224","pdf_url":"https://academic.oup.com/jamia/article-pdf/28/1/144/35885530/ocaa224.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S129839026","display_name":"Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association","issn_l":"1067-5027","issn":["1067-5027","1527-974X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Responsible consumption and production","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/12","score":0.5199999809265137}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1194287394","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"R01LM006910","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337372","funder_display_name":"U.S. National Library of Medicine"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5153562915","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"5T15LM007079","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337372","funder_display_name":"U.S. National Library of Medicine"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G682085659","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"R01LM009886","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337372","funder_display_name":"U.S. National Library of Medicine"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337372","display_name":"U.S. National Library of Medicine","ror":"https://ror.org/0060t0j89"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3098351838.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3098351838.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":130,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1931781407","https://openalex.org/W1952228674","https://openalex.org/W1965189849","https://openalex.org/W1965926642","https://openalex.org/W1984184412","https://openalex.org/W1993746981","https://openalex.org/W1994913111","https://openalex.org/W1999218614","https://openalex.org/W2008147728","https://openalex.org/W2015712245","https://openalex.org/W2032541700","https://openalex.org/W2049532823","https://openalex.org/W2054081436","https://openalex.org/W2055903456","https://openalex.org/W2064601736","https://openalex.org/W2068160321","https://openalex.org/W2080865115","https://openalex.org/W2092565635","https://openalex.org/W2095141339","https://openalex.org/W2109986793","https://openalex.org/W2111977760","https://openalex.org/W2116788377","https://openalex.org/W2116972869","https://openalex.org/W2119050880","https://openalex.org/W2120729896","https://openalex.org/W2121283374","https://openalex.org/W2121908294","https://openalex.org/W2128731087","https://openalex.org/W2131668595","https://openalex.org/W2134644638","https://openalex.org/W2140056658","https://openalex.org/W2142653677","https://openalex.org/W2145705400","https://openalex.org/W2148794355","https://openalex.org/W2151868700","https://openalex.org/W2152111831","https://openalex.org/W2169921084","https://openalex.org/W2207651227","https://openalex.org/W2228970378","https://openalex.org/W2265161593","https://openalex.org/W2318101771","https://openalex.org/W2319983832","https://openalex.org/W2337688041","https://openalex.org/W2344973176","https://openalex.org/W2415783139","https://openalex.org/W2430643617","https://openalex.org/W2462812489","https://openalex.org/W2505852512","https://openalex.org/W2507443835","https://openalex.org/W2512624858","https://openalex.org/W2527268969","https://openalex.org/W2539277011","https://openalex.org/W2543818161","https://openalex.org/W2552187572","https://openalex.org/W2569995479","https://openalex.org/W2571310200","https://openalex.org/W2604657941","https://openalex.org/W2605993218","https://openalex.org/W2608535854","https://openalex.org/W2610542269","https://openalex.org/W2616160160","https://openalex.org/W2620457087","https://openalex.org/W2622184837","https://openalex.org/W2725685186","https://openalex.org/W2746995956","https://openalex.org/W2748472095","https://openalex.org/W2750917994","https://openalex.org/W2754542146","https://openalex.org/W2754689471","https://openalex.org/W2765128736","https://openalex.org/W2766179458","https://openalex.org/W2768945936","https://openalex.org/W2777322952","https://openalex.org/W2783288989","https://openalex.org/W2783592711","https://openalex.org/W2786100060","https://openalex.org/W2786691420","https://openalex.org/W2792820470","https://openalex.org/W2802663922","https://openalex.org/W2808343606","https://openalex.org/W2811239494","https://openalex.org/W2885447570","https://openalex.org/W2886560617","https://openalex.org/W2888753921","https://openalex.org/W2891378911","https://openalex.org/W2894439825","https://openalex.org/W2895514839","https://openalex.org/W2897669782","https://openalex.org/W2899969940","https://openalex.org/W2904698371","https://openalex.org/W2906036032","https://openalex.org/W2912505287","https://openalex.org/W2915785250","https://openalex.org/W2916156067","https://openalex.org/W2919728406","https://openalex.org/W2921684641","https://openalex.org/W2922310073","https://openalex.org/W2940852256","https://openalex.org/W2941735305","https://openalex.org/W2944271118","https://openalex.org/W2944436640","https://openalex.org/W2944445880","https://openalex.org/W2945087488","https://openalex.org/W2949432773","https://openalex.org/W2951243876","https://openalex.org/W2952455110","https://openalex.org/W2955605212","https://openalex.org/W2963202888","https://openalex.org/W2971826216","https://openalex.org/W2972087723","https://openalex.org/W2973083093","https://openalex.org/W2973316378","https://openalex.org/W2979670403","https://openalex.org/W2979728113","https://openalex.org/W2979761728","https://openalex.org/W2980198494","https://openalex.org/W2980824860","https://openalex.org/W2981624778","https://openalex.org/W2990478632","https://openalex.org/W2991052432","https://openalex.org/W3000657409","https://openalex.org/W3000799172","https://openalex.org/W3006162251","https://openalex.org/W4205374244","https://openalex.org/W6678045663","https://openalex.org/W6716398531","https://openalex.org/W6745634516","https://openalex.org/W6747675108","https://openalex.org/W6761766981","https://openalex.org/W6761924438"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3020922338","https://openalex.org/W3020369106","https://openalex.org/W2911853378","https://openalex.org/W2975520804","https://openalex.org/W4381952411","https://openalex.org/W2971502849","https://openalex.org/W3018781222","https://openalex.org/W3016427719","https://openalex.org/W3045979088","https://openalex.org/W2056799348"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Enhanced":[0],"incorporation":[1],"of":[2,16],"RWD":[3,26],"should":[4],"be":[5],"further":[6],"explored":[7],"for":[8],"medication":[9],"or":[10],"procedure":[11],"trials,":[12],"including":[13],"better":[14],"understanding":[15],"how":[17],"to":[18,24],"handle":[19],"related":[20],"data":[21],"quality":[22],"issues":[23],"facilitate":[25],"use.":[27]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-04T08:04:53.788161","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
