{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3092850045","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jamia/ocaa208","title":"The UMLS knowledge sources at 30: indispensable to current research and applications in biomedical informatics","display_name":"The UMLS knowledge sources at 30: indispensable to current research and applications in biomedical informatics","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-08-21","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3092850045","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jamia/ocaa208","mag":"3092850045","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33059366"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1093/jamia/ocaa208","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jamia/ocaa208","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S129839026","display_name":"Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association","issn_l":"1067-5027","issn":["1067-5027","1527-974X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"editorial","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/7647371","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109011956","display_name":"Betsy L. Humphreys","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2800548410","display_name":"United States National Library of Medicine","ror":"https://ror.org/0060t0j89","country_code":"US","type":"archive","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299022934","https://openalex.org/I1299303238","https://openalex.org/I2800548410"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Betsy L Humphreys","raw_affiliation_strings":["Formerly National Library of Medicine, Bethesda, Maryland, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Formerly National Library of Medicine, Bethesda, Maryland, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800548410"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052456187","display_name":"Guilherme Del Fiol","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9954-6799"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I223532165","display_name":"University of Utah","ror":"https://ror.org/03r0ha626","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I223532165"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Guilherme Del Fiol","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Biomedical Informatics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biomedical Informatics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I223532165"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084072550","display_name":"Hua Xu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5274-4672"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I919571938","display_name":"The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston","ror":"https://ror.org/03gds6c39","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I919571938"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hua Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Biomedical Informatics, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Biomedical Informatics, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I919571938"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5109011956"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800548410"],"apc_list":{"value":3967,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3967},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.0845,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":21,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.76719515,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"27","issue":"10","first_page":"1499","last_page":"1501"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11710","display_name":"Biomedical Text Mining and Ontologies","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11710","display_name":"Biomedical Text Mining and Ontologies","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10215","display_name":"Semantic Web and Ontologies","score":0.9965000152587891,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10887","display_name":"Bioinformatics and Genomic Networks","score":0.9254000186920166,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/unified-medical-language-system","display_name":"Unified Medical Language System","score":0.8641846776008606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6246417164802551},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/informatics","display_name":"Informatics","score":0.5698912143707275},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/health-informatics","display_name":"Health informatics","score":0.5209428071975708},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/current","display_name":"Current (fluid)","score":0.49502891302108765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-science","display_name":"Data science","score":0.455514132976532},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-retrieval","display_name":"Information retrieval","score":0.3783790171146393},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.20766612887382507},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pathology","display_name":"Pathology","score":0.08225208520889282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.061196088790893555}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C69505689","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q455338","display_name":"Unified Medical Language System","level":2,"score":0.8641846776008606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6246417164802551},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191630685","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4027615","display_name":"Informatics","level":2,"score":0.5698912143707275},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145642194","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q870895","display_name":"Health informatics","level":3,"score":0.5209428071975708},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148043351","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4456944","display_name":"Current (fluid)","level":2,"score":0.49502891302108765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.455514132976532},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23123220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q816826","display_name":"Information retrieval","level":1,"score":0.3783790171146393},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.20766612887382507},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.08225208520889282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.061196088790893555},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138816342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189603","display_name":"Public health","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D009317","descriptor_name":"National Library of Medicine (U.S.)","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009317","descriptor_name":"National Library of Medicine (U.S.)","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009317","descriptor_name":"National Library of Medicine (U.S.)","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009323","descriptor_name":"Natural Language Processing","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009323","descriptor_name":"Natural Language Processing","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009323","descriptor_name":"Natural Language Processing","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014481","descriptor_name":"United States","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014481","descriptor_name":"United States","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014481","descriptor_name":"United States","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D017432","descriptor_name":"Unified Medical Language System","qualifier_ui":"Q000266","qualifier_name":"history","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D017432","descriptor_name":"Unified Medical Language System","qualifier_ui":"Q000266","qualifier_name":"history","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D017432","descriptor_name":"Unified Medical Language System","qualifier_ui":"Q000266","qualifier_name":"history","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D049673","descriptor_name":"History, 20th Century","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D049673","descriptor_name":"History, 20th Century","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D049673","descriptor_name":"History, 20th Century","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D049674","descriptor_name":"History, 21st Century","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D049674","descriptor_name":"History, 21st Century","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D049674","descriptor_name":"History, 21st Century","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D058996","descriptor_name":"Quality Improvement","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D058996","descriptor_name":"Quality Improvement","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D058996","descriptor_name":"Quality Improvement","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1093/jamia/ocaa208","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jamia/ocaa208","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S129839026","display_name":"Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association","issn_l":"1067-5027","issn":["1067-5027","1527-974X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:33059366","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33059366","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association : JAMIA","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:europepmc.org:7393956","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://europepmc.org/pmc/articles/PMC7647371","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:7647371","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/7647371","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"J Am Med Inform Assoc","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:7647371","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/7647371","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"J Am Med Inform Assoc","raw_type":"Text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":34,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1502865770","https://openalex.org/W1503095602","https://openalex.org/W1829379010","https://openalex.org/W1858816702","https://openalex.org/W2119847144","https://openalex.org/W2122402213","https://openalex.org/W2128298129","https://openalex.org/W2146089916","https://openalex.org/W2162311237","https://openalex.org/W2270018644","https://openalex.org/W2288209531","https://openalex.org/W2769851464","https://openalex.org/W2899106151","https://openalex.org/W2908136377","https://openalex.org/W2970274677","https://openalex.org/W3005430338","https://openalex.org/W3028947686","https://openalex.org/W3038099276","https://openalex.org/W3043067930","https://openalex.org/W3045942044","https://openalex.org/W3048364465","https://openalex.org/W3084526980","https://openalex.org/W3084577608","https://openalex.org/W3087321790","https://openalex.org/W3087495852","https://openalex.org/W3087520226","https://openalex.org/W3092008332","https://openalex.org/W3092486910","https://openalex.org/W3092737060","https://openalex.org/W3212714602","https://openalex.org/W6630034250","https://openalex.org/W6638626501","https://openalex.org/W6639281831","https://openalex.org/W6696487420"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2397677514","https://openalex.org/W2914293784","https://openalex.org/W2407382301","https://openalex.org/W1495820741","https://openalex.org/W4323056170","https://openalex.org/W2126732312","https://openalex.org/W2401910071","https://openalex.org/W2189429352","https://openalex.org/W4302329558","https://openalex.org/W1971571384"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
