{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3043067930","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jamia/ocaa084","title":"UMLS users and uses: a current overview","display_name":"UMLS users and uses: a current overview","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-05-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3043067930","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jamia/ocaa084","mag":"3043067930","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32683453"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1093/jamia/ocaa084","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jamia/ocaa084","pdf_url":"https://academic.oup.com/jamia/article-pdf/27/10/1606/34152940/ocaa084.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S129839026","display_name":"Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association","issn_l":"1067-5027","issn":["1067-5027","1527-974X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://academic.oup.com/jamia/article-pdf/27/10/1606/34152940/ocaa084.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015240749","display_name":"Liz Amos","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2800548410","display_name":"United States National Library of Medicine","ror":"https://ror.org/0060t0j89","country_code":"US","type":"archive","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299022934","https://openalex.org/I1299303238","https://openalex.org/I2800548410"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210091794","display_name":"Office of the Director","ror":"https://ror.org/00fj8a872","country_code":"US","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299022934","https://openalex.org/I1299303238","https://openalex.org/I4210091794"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Liz Amos","raw_affiliation_strings":["Office of the Director, National Library of Medicine, Bethesda, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Office of the Director, National Library of Medicine, Bethesda, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800548410","https://openalex.org/I4210091794"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101604558","display_name":"David P. Anderson","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3155-7883"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2800548410","display_name":"United States National Library of Medicine","ror":"https://ror.org/0060t0j89","country_code":"US","type":"archive","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299022934","https://openalex.org/I1299303238","https://openalex.org/I2800548410"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"David Anderson","raw_affiliation_strings":["Library Operations, National Library of Medicine, Bethesda, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Library Operations, National Library of Medicine, Bethesda, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800548410"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043201135","display_name":"Stacy Brody","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2817-3849"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I193531525","display_name":"George Washington University","ror":"https://ror.org/00y4zzh67","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I193531525"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Stacy Brody","raw_affiliation_strings":["Himmelfarb Health Sciences Library, Reference & Instructional Services, George Washington University, Washington DC, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Himmelfarb Health Sciences Library, Reference & Instructional Services, George Washington University, Washington DC, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I193531525"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015493307","display_name":"Anna Ripple","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0529-1746"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210109390","display_name":"National Center for Biotechnology Information","ror":"https://ror.org/02meqm098","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299022934","https://openalex.org/I1299303238","https://openalex.org/I2800548410","https://openalex.org/I4210109390"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Anna Ripple","raw_affiliation_strings":["Lister Hill National Center for Biomedical Communications, National Library of Medicine, Bethesda, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Lister Hill National Center for Biomedical Communications, National Library of Medicine, Bethesda, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210109390"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109011956","display_name":"Betsy L. Humphreys","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210091794","display_name":"Office of the Director","ror":"https://ror.org/00fj8a872","country_code":"US","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299022934","https://openalex.org/I1299303238","https://openalex.org/I4210091794"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2800548410","display_name":"United States National Library of Medicine","ror":"https://ror.org/0060t0j89","country_code":"US","type":"archive","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299022934","https://openalex.org/I1299303238","https://openalex.org/I2800548410"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Betsy L Humphreys","raw_affiliation_strings":["Office of the Director, National Library of Medicine, Bethesda, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Office of the Director, National Library of Medicine, Bethesda, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800548410","https://openalex.org/I4210091794"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5015493307"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210109390"],"apc_list":{"value":3967,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3967},"apc_paid":{"value":3967,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3967},"fwci":3.0095,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":49,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.92374556,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"27","issue":"10","first_page":"1606","last_page":"1611"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11710","display_name":"Biomedical Text Mining and Ontologies","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11710","display_name":"Biomedical Text Mining and Ontologies","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10215","display_name":"Semantic Web and Ontologies","score":0.9779000282287598,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10350","display_name":"Electronic Health Records Systems","score":0.9753999710083008,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3605","display_name":"Health Information Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/36","display_name":"Health Professions"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/unified-medical-language-system","display_name":"Unified Medical Language System","score":0.9844835996627808},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7315390706062317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/national-library","display_name":"National library","score":0.5506207942962646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process","display_name":"Process (computing)","score":0.5468215942382812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interface","display_name":"Interface (matter)","score":0.4684828519821167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-retrieval","display_name":"Information retrieval","score":0.4247468113899231},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.34531956911087036},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/library-science","display_name":"Library science","score":0.09001308679580688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.07709440588951111}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C69505689","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q455338","display_name":"Unified Medical Language System","level":2,"score":0.9844835996627808},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7315390706062317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2994543612","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q22806","display_name":"National library","level":2,"score":0.5506207942962646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.5468215942382812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113843644","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q901882","display_name":"Interface (matter)","level":4,"score":0.4684828519821167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23123220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q816826","display_name":"Information retrieval","level":1,"score":0.4247468113899231},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.34531956911087036},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161191863","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199655","display_name":"Library science","level":1,"score":0.09001308679580688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.07709440588951111},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173608175","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232661","display_name":"Parallel computing","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C129307140","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6795880","display_name":"Maximum bubble pressure method","level":3,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157915830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2928001","display_name":"Bubble","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1093/jamia/ocaa084","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jamia/ocaa084","pdf_url":"https://academic.oup.com/jamia/article-pdf/27/10/1606/34152940/ocaa084.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S129839026","display_name":"Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association","issn_l":"1067-5027","issn":["1067-5027","1527-974X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:32683453","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32683453","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association : JAMIA","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:osti.gov:1783360","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1783360","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402487","display_name":"OSTI OAI (U.S. Department of Energy Office of Scientific and Technical Information)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I139351228","host_organization_name":"Office of Scientific and Technical Information","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139351228"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:7580803","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/7580803","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"J Am Med Inform Assoc","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1093/jamia/ocaa084","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jamia/ocaa084","pdf_url":"https://academic.oup.com/jamia/article-pdf/27/10/1606/34152940/ocaa084.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S129839026","display_name":"Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association","issn_l":"1067-5027","issn":["1067-5027","1527-974X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320309515","display_name":"George Washington University","ror":"https://ror.org/00y4zzh67"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","display_name":"National Institutes of Health","ror":"https://ror.org/01cwqze88"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332382","display_name":"Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education","ror":"https://ror.org/0526p1y61"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337372","display_name":"U.S. National Library of Medicine","ror":"https://ror.org/0060t0j89"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3043067930.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3043067930.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":28,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1136513136","https://openalex.org/W1521396122","https://openalex.org/W1550258693","https://openalex.org/W1582994844","https://openalex.org/W1867227582","https://openalex.org/W2036237184","https://openalex.org/W2109429447","https://openalex.org/W2136127280","https://openalex.org/W2146089916","https://openalex.org/W2159151673","https://openalex.org/W2159583324","https://openalex.org/W2162311237","https://openalex.org/W2270018644","https://openalex.org/W2306767659","https://openalex.org/W2469969243","https://openalex.org/W2604748391","https://openalex.org/W2769851464","https://openalex.org/W2787868817","https://openalex.org/W2809547914","https://openalex.org/W6627246482","https://openalex.org/W6631239430","https://openalex.org/W6632766574","https://openalex.org/W6634719007","https://openalex.org/W6639156934","https://openalex.org/W6680330571","https://openalex.org/W6719957565","https://openalex.org/W6748859246","https://openalex.org/W7048195998"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W79619734","https://openalex.org/W2010487328","https://openalex.org/W2003127701","https://openalex.org/W102264027","https://openalex.org/W2563868050","https://openalex.org/W1822792362","https://openalex.org/W1507779355","https://openalex.org/W2575181596","https://openalex.org/W2138789621","https://openalex.org/W2069107439"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,20,60,120],"US":[1],"National":[2,48],"Library":[3,49],"of":[4,13,50,67,78,87,96,104,155],"Medicine":[5,51],"regularly":[6],"collects":[7],"summary":[8,21,54],"data":[9,22,55,98],"on":[10,38,56],"direct":[11,94],"use":[12],"Unified":[14],"Medical":[15],"Language":[16],"System":[17],"(UMLS)":[18],"resources.":[19],"sources":[23],"include":[24],"UMLS":[25,58,79,88,97,106,113,132],"user":[26],"registration":[27],"data,":[28],"required":[29],"annual":[30,121],"reports":[31,122],"submitted":[32],"by":[33],"registered":[34],"users,":[35],"and":[36,40,91,99,108,123,137,140],"statistics":[37],"downloads":[39],"application":[41,114],"programming":[42,115],"interface":[43,116],"calls.":[44],"In":[45],"2019,":[46],"the":[47,53,68,75,105,124,130,151,156],"analyzed":[52],"2018":[57],"use.":[59],"library":[61],"also":[62],"conducted":[63],"a":[64,83],"scoping":[65,125],"review":[66,86,126],"literature":[69],"to":[70,82,135],"provide":[71],"additional":[72],"intelligence":[73],"about":[74],"research":[76],"uses":[77,133,148],"as":[80],"input":[81],"planned":[84],"2020":[85],"production":[89],"methods":[90],"priorities.":[92],"5043":[93],"users":[95],"tools":[100],"downloaded":[101],"4402":[102],"copies":[103],"resources":[107],"issued":[109],"66":[110],"130":[111],"951":[112],"requests":[117],"in":[118],"2018.":[119],"results":[127],"agree":[128],"that":[129],"primary":[131],"are":[134],"process":[136],"interpret":[138],"text":[139],"facilitate":[141],"mapping":[142],"or":[143],"linking":[144],"between":[145],"terminologies.":[146],"These":[147],"align":[149],"with":[150],"original":[152],"stated":[153],"purpose":[154],"UMLS.":[157]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-04-21T08:09:41.155169","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}